Barbara Purkart | University of Nova Gorica (original) (raw)

Papers by Barbara Purkart

Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, Mar 24, 2022

Število prilog: 0 Število strani prilog: 0 Število referenc: 48 Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Nejc Šarab... more Število prilog: 0 Število strani prilog: 0 Število referenc: 48 Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Nejc Šarabon, dipl. fiziot., prof. šp. vzg. UDK: Ključne besede: biomehanika, fizioterapija, manualna terapija Povzetek: Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok funkcijsko prizadetega ramena po 40. letu. Vzroki za nastanek SIS so zelo različni, a vsi povzročajo bolečino zaradi ukleščenje mehkih tkiv v subakromialnem prostoru med določenim gibom roke. Cilj naše raziskave je bil preveriti kakšen je takojšnji učinek manualne terapije na bolečino izzvano s kliničnimi testi pri osebah s SIS. Izbrali smo 5 preiskovancev, ki so imeli unilateralni SIS 1 ali 2 stopnje. Fizioterapevt, ki ni seznanjen z raziskavo je izvedel 4 klinične teste značilne za SIS: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever, Hawkins-Kennedy test in Neerov kompresijski test. Preiskovanec je ocenil prisotnost bolečine med posameznim testom in sicer na vizualni analogni lestvici od 0 do 10. Artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije smo izvajali na glenohumeralnem sklepu kot jo opisuje Cyriax. Izkušen manualni terapevt je izvedel 3 sete po 12 ponovitev. Med posameznimi seti je bila 1 minuta odmora. Takoj po izvedbi intervencije smo ponovili klinične teste. S statistično analizo Wilcoxon matched pairs smo primerjali ocene bolečine pred in po intervenciji. Statistična značilnost je bila določena na ravni p < 0.05. Rezultati so pokazali, da je artrokinematična mobilizacija abdukcije statistično značilno vplivala na zmanjšanje bolečine pri naslednjih kliničnih testih: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever in Hawkins-Kennedy test. Z artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije naj bi spremenili razmerje med humerusom in glenoidom. Količina kotaljenja glavice humerusa naj bi se zmanjšala medtem ko naj bi se količina striženja glavice humerusa povečala. Na ta način naj bi povečali subakromialni prostor in zmanjšali možnost ukleščenja mehkih tkiv. Zaradi majhnega števila preiskovancev, ki so bili zajeti v raziskavo, moramo biti previdni pri interpretaciji rezultatov. Priporočamo da se raziskava izvede z večjim številom preiskovancev, da se uvede kontrolna skupina in da se preiskovance razdeli v podskupine glede na vzrok za SIS. Zanimivo bi bilo tudi kontrolirati dolgoročni učinek artrokinematične mobilizacije.

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as...

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as ...

Annales kinesiologiae, 2015

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as traditional exercise with continuous endurance, with the main effect on lipid oxidation after the session and similar long-term metabolic adaptations. However, more research is still needed to compare the effects of regular resistance exercise with traditional endurance and high-intensity interval exercise. Finally, nutrition is also a significant factor since food rich in fat and low in carbohydrates promotes greater lipid oxidation.

Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok funkcijsko prizadetega ramena... more Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok
funkcijsko prizadetega ramena po 40. letu. Vzroki za nastanek SIS so zelo različni, a vsi povzročajo bolečino zaradi ukleščenje mehkih tkiv v subakromialnem prostoru med določenim gibom roke. Cilj naše raziskave je bil preveriti kakšen je takojšnji učinek manualne terapije na bolečino izzvano s kliničnimi testi pri osebah s SIS.
Izbrali smo 5 preiskovancev, ki so imeli unilateralni SIS 1 ali 2 stopnje.
Fizioterapevt, ki ni seznanjen z raziskavo je izvedel 4 klinične teste značilne za SIS: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever, Hawkins–Kennedy test in Neerov kompresijski test. Preiskovanec je ocenil prisotnost bolečine med posameznim testom in sicer na vizualni analogni lestvici od 0 do 10. Artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije smo izvajali na glenohumeralnem sklepu kot jo opisuje Cyriax. Izkušen manualni terapevt je izvedel 3 sete po 12 ponovitev. Med posameznimi seti je bila 1 minuta odmora. Takoj po izvedbi intervencije smo ponovili klinične teste. S statistično analizo Wilcoxon matched pairs smo primerjali ocene bolečine pred in po intervenciji. Statistična značilnost je bila določena na ravni p < 0.05. Rezultati so pokazali, da je artrokinematična mobilizacija abdukcije
statistično značilno vplivala na zmanjšanje bolečine pri naslednjih kliničnih testih: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever in Hawkins–Kennedy test. Z artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije naj bi spremenili razmerje med humerusom in glenoidom. Količina kotaljenja glavice humerusa naj bi se zmanjšala medtem ko naj bi se količina striženja glavice humerusa povečala. Na ta način naj bi povečali subakromialni prostor in zmanjšali možnost ukleščenja mehkih tkiv. Zaradi majhnega števila preiskovancev, ki so bili zajeti v raziskavo, moramo biti previdni pri interpretaciji rezultatov. Priporočamo da se raziskava izvede z večjim številom preiskovancev, da se uvede kontrolna skupina in da se preiskovance razdeli v podskupine glede na vzrok za SIS. Zanimivo bi bilo tudi kontrolirati dolgoročni
učinek artrokinematične mobilizacije.

Subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder (SIS) is the leading cause of functional affecte... more Subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder (SIS) is the leading cause of functional affected shoulder after the age of 40. The causes witch lead to development of SIS are different, but all of them causes a pain during specific arm movement, because of soft tissue impingement in subacromial space. The aim of our study was to examine the instant effect of manual therapy on reducing the pain provoked by clinical tests in subjects with SIS. We chose 5 subjects who had unilateral SIS Grade 1 or 2. The physiotherapist who is not familiar with the research was carried out 4 clinical tests specific to SIS: The drop arm test, Yocum maneuver, Hawkins-Kennedy test and Neer compression test. The subject assessed the pain, which was provoked by specific test, on the visual analog scale from 0 to 10. Arthrokinematics' mobilization of abduction was performed on glenohumeral joint as described by Cyriax. Experienced manual therapist performed 3 sets of 12 repetition. Between the sets was 1 min break. Immediately after the intervention were clinical tests repeated. Wilcoxon matched pairs we used to compare pain before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p < 0,05. The results showed that the arthrokinematics mobilization of abduction had significant effect on pain reduction in the following clinical tests: The drop arm test, Yocum maneuver and Hawkins-Kennedy test. We believed that with arthrokinematics mobilization we have change the relationship between humerus and glenoid. We tried to decrease the rolling component and increased the shearing component to increase subacromial space and reduce the possibility to impingement of soft tissue. Due to small number of subjects who were included in the study, we have to be careful when interpreting results. It is recommended that another study be conducted with large number of subjects, with included control group and the subject should be divided into subgroups according to the cause of the SIS. It should be also recommended to monitor long-term effect of mobilization.

Tai Chi Chuan is a complex motoric skill that requires learning the traditional sequences of prec... more Tai Chi Chuan is a complex motoric skill that requires learning the traditional sequences of precisely determined movements. There are 9 training principles, which require, in addition to the coordination, attention of mind, rhythm of breathing and socialization into the group. Regular training of Tai Chi Chuan has positive effects on physical health, cognitive abilities and psychosocial well-being. The article defines the notion of depression, explains the peripheral and central hypotheses of its origin: biochemical model, Laborit's hypothesis of action inhibition, Gelhorn's hypothesis of non-reciprocal sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Causative mechanisms of severe depressive disorder, characterized by depressive symptoms or depression, changes in brain biochemistry, modified brain structure and inflammatory processes in the body are described. Regular practicing Tai Chi Chuan causes physiological and functional changes of the brain and their reorganization. Tai Chi Chuan combines the cognitive, social and meditative effect during practicing motor skill and it is recommended to practice for healthy people and those with depressive symptoms and depression.

Najpogostejša poškodba kolenskega sklepa pri športnikih, kot tudi nogometaših, je ruptura sprednj... more Najpogostejša poškodba kolenskega sklepa pri športnikih, kot tudi nogometaših, je ruptura sprednje križne vezi (ACL). Biomehanika eno ali več let po poškodbi ACL brez rekonstrukcije je pri športnikih slabo raziskana. Obstoječe raziskave so si enotne, da je ena od posledic rupture ACL povečana translacija tibije anteriorno. Cilj pilotne študije je bil ugotoviti razlike v nekaterih biomehanskih parametrih med stabilnim in nestabilnim kolenom pri običajni, samo-izbrani hitrosti hoje z namenom pridobitve vpogleda v možne kompenzatorne strategije. Z visokofrekvenčno kamero (120 Hz) in reflektivnimi markerji na spodnjih okončinah smo posneli 10 korakov v fazi opore pri preiskovanki (starost: 39 let, telesna višina: 158,5 cm, telesna masa: 45,0 kg) s totalno rupturo ACL (mehansko nestabilno, a funkcionalno stabilno koleno), 3 leta po poškodbi. S pomočjo kinematične analize smo spremljali kot levega in desnega kolena. Obenem smo s pritiskovno ploščo izmerili reakcijske sile podlage in s pomočjo inverzne dinamike izračunali povprečen neto mišični navor obeh kolen. S pomočjo T-testa za neodvisne vzorce oz. Mann-Whitney U testa smo ugotovili značilno (p=0,000) večji kot ekstenzije nestabilnega kolena, medtem ko se neto mišični navor ni razlikoval med stabilnim in nestabilnim kolenom. Znano je, da totalna ruptura ACL vodi v razvoj prezgodnje artroze kolenskega sklepa. Pričakovali bi, da je neto mišični navor tisti, ki povzroča prezgodnjo obrabo hrustanca, vendar kot kažejo rezultati te pilotne študije, obremenitve na mehansko nestabilno koleno niso povečane. Povečan navor verjetno ni tisti, ki bi bil primarno odgovoren za razvoj prezgodnje artroze, ampak nosi večjo težo spremenjena trenutna os vrtenja v kolenu, ki je posledica povečanega kota ekstenzije. Uporaba fizioterapevtske tehnike manualne kinematične reedukacije bi lahko omogočila

Rezultati kažejo na spremenjen gibalni vzorec hoje v stabilnem in nestabilnem kolenu. ACL zaustav... more Rezultati kažejo na spremenjen gibalni vzorec hoje v stabilnem in nestabilnem kolenu. ACL zaustavlja anteriorni zdrs tibije. Po totalni rupturi ACL le ta ne opravlja več te funkcije. Sinergisti ACL, ki lahko zaustavljajo anteriorni zdrs tibije naprej so fleksorji kolen. V naši raziskavi smo ugotovili, da je v nestabilnem kolenu večja aktivacija m. biceps femoris in manjša aktivacija m. vastus medialis kot v stabilnem kolenu. Smiselno je sklepati, da želi telo preprečiti prevelik zdrs tibije naprej tako, da aktivira fleksorje kolen in inhibira m. quadriceps.

Sedenje na stolu s premikajočim sedalom je slabše in bolj nevarno za razvoj kumulativnih okvar tk... more Sedenje na stolu s premikajočim sedalom je slabše in bolj nevarno za razvoj kumulativnih okvar tkiv, še posebej medvretenčne ploščice.

Klečalnik in stol s sedlasto oblikovanim sedalom bolj vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje kot navadno ob... more Klečalnik in stol s sedlasto oblikovanim sedalom bolj vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje kot navadno oblikovan stol.

Dolgotrajno sedenje v kifotičnem položaju povzroča kumulativne okvare tkiv.

Določena zgradba omogoča specifično funkcijo tkiva.

Hrbtenica je zgrajena iz vretenc, ki so med seboj povezana s fasetnimi sklepi, ligamenti, mišicam... more Hrbtenica je zgrajena iz vretenc, ki so med seboj povezana s fasetnimi sklepi, ligamenti, mišicami in medvretenčnimi ploščicami.

Sedentary life style and working in sitting positions are important factors effecting protrusion ... more Sedentary life style and working in sitting positions are important factors effecting protrusion of lumbar discs. When sitting is upright, we face lesser mechanical forces on dorsal part of disc where protrusions are frequent. Consequently, the question is-how to avoid lesions? The study aimed to compare different shapes and types of chairs: saddle seat and ordinary, static and movable chair. With camera frequency 5/s we've recorded an adult male working on the computer during the eight our workday. The first day seated on a static ordinary seat, the second on a saddle chair and the third on a movable seat. We analyzed movements of lumbar spine using 2d kinematic analysis. The results as percentage of the total for ordinary seat, saddle chair and movable seat are 19%, 34% and 24% respectively. It shows that a saddle chair enhance the most upright position. Upright position percentages of the movable seat were higher comparing the static: not because of the type of a seat but because the man maintained the upright position leaning on the arms. On contrary, seating on the static ordinary seat and saddle chair, no leaning. To conclude, saddle chair enhances upright sitting, movable seat forces to incorrect body positions, which lead to overuse and pain.

Opravljanje dela pretežno v sedečem položaju in telesna neaktivnost, sta pomembna dejavnika za ok... more Opravljanje dela pretežno v sedečem položaju in telesna neaktivnost, sta pomembna dejavnika za okvaro medvretenčnih ledvenih ploščic. Pokončno sedenje manj obremenjuje dorzalni del, kjer so okvare najpogostejše. Zanimalo nas je, ali oblika in vrsta stola vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje. Med delom za računalnikom je merjenec sedel na dveh različnih stolih. Na prvem z nepremikajočim in primikajočim sedalom v vse smeri, na drugem s sedalom v obliki sedla. V delavnem okolju smo s kamero snemali v času osem urnega delavnika. Frekvenca video zajema je bila 5/s. S pomočjo dvodimenzionalne kinematične analize smo naredili analizo gibanja ledvene hrbtenice v sagitalni ravnini. Dobljeni deleži pokončnega sedenja od skupnega so bili: nepremikajoče sedalo 19%, premično sedalo 24% in sedlasto sedalo 34%. Izkazalo se je, sedlasta oblika bolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje kot navadna oblika. Deleži pokončnega sedenja pri premikajočemu sedalu so bili v primerjavi z nepremičnim sicer večji, toda ne zaradi vrste sedala, temveč nenehnega opiranja z rokami na mizo, ko je merjenec vzdrževal pokončni položaj. Pri sedenju na stolu z nepremičnim in sedalom v obliki sedla, pa se merjenec ni opiral na roke. Sedenje na sedlasti obliki najbolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje. Premikajoče sedalo sili telo v nepravilne položaje, kar vodi do preobremenitev in bolečin. Ključne besede: pokončno sedenje, sedlast stol, premikajoče sedalo, kinematika.

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) je tradicionalna kitajska veščina, ki spada med zahtevne motorične spretnosti... more Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) je tradicionalna kitajska veščina, ki spada med zahtevne motorične spretnosti, zaradi načel, ki delajo TCC edinstveno veščino. TCC je primerna vadba za vsakogar, tudi za starostnike. Za izvedbo in učenje TCC se ne potrebuje dragih pripomočkov ali posebnih prostorskih zahtev, zato je vadba TCC lahko dostopna vsakomur. Poleg dobrih vplivov TCC vadbe na fizično, psihično in socialno zdravje, TCC tudi vpliva na boljšo periferno mikrocirkulacijo. Progresivno zmanjšanje mikrocirkulacije je povezano s staranjem, a redna vadba TCC ta proces upočasni. Mehanizem izboljšanega delovanja žilja v koži zaradi vadbe TCC je zaradi povečane količine krvi, ki je v koži, s tem ko se poveča iztisni volumen srca, in z zmanjšanjem perifernega upora. TCC vadba je priporočljiva vadba tudi za starostnike, saj dobro vpliva na aerobno vzdržljivost kot tudi na prekrvavljenost tkiv.

Poleg ostalih pomembnih vlog NO vpliva na gladke mišice v žilah tako, da povzroča sproščanje in š... more Poleg ostalih pomembnih vlog NO vpliva na gladke mišice v žilah tako, da povzroča sproščanje in širjenje žil in tako uravnava pretok krvi do vseh organov in celic v telesu. NO preprečuje tvorbo oblog in zmanjšuje nalaganje oblog v arterijah. Imunski sitem porablja NO za borbo proti bakterijskim, virusnim in gljivičnim okužbam ter parazitom. NO je močan antioksidant, ki razoroži proste radikale v telesu in tako lahko prispeva k zmanjšanju najpogostejših morilcev pri nas: srčni infarkt, možganska kap, sladkorna bolezen in rak. Kako lahko vzpodbudimo nastajanje NO v telesu? Nastajanje NO vzpodbudimo z jemanjem prehranskih dopolnil (L-arginina, L-citrulina in določeni antioksidanti), z vnosom določenih živil (rdeče meso, ribe, olivno olje, oreški, sok granatnega jabolka, borovnice) in redno gibalno-športno aktivnostjo (hoja, lahkoten tek, ples). Zgoraj naštete stvari delujejo vzajemno. To pomeni, da vsaka stvar posebej nima tako velikega učinka, kot vse stvari skupaj.

Annales Kinesiologiae, 2015

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as traditional exercise with continuous endurance, with the main effect on lipid oxidation after the session and similar long-term metabolic adaptations. However, more research is still needed to compare the effects of regular resistance exercise with traditional endurance and high-intensity interval exercise. Finally, nutrition is also a significant factor since food rich in fat and low in carbohydrates promotes greater lipid oxidation.

Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, Mar 24, 2022

Število prilog: 0 Število strani prilog: 0 Število referenc: 48 Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Nejc Šarab... more Število prilog: 0 Število strani prilog: 0 Število referenc: 48 Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Nejc Šarabon, dipl. fiziot., prof. šp. vzg. UDK: Ključne besede: biomehanika, fizioterapija, manualna terapija Povzetek: Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok funkcijsko prizadetega ramena po 40. letu. Vzroki za nastanek SIS so zelo različni, a vsi povzročajo bolečino zaradi ukleščenje mehkih tkiv v subakromialnem prostoru med določenim gibom roke. Cilj naše raziskave je bil preveriti kakšen je takojšnji učinek manualne terapije na bolečino izzvano s kliničnimi testi pri osebah s SIS. Izbrali smo 5 preiskovancev, ki so imeli unilateralni SIS 1 ali 2 stopnje. Fizioterapevt, ki ni seznanjen z raziskavo je izvedel 4 klinične teste značilne za SIS: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever, Hawkins-Kennedy test in Neerov kompresijski test. Preiskovanec je ocenil prisotnost bolečine med posameznim testom in sicer na vizualni analogni lestvici od 0 do 10. Artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije smo izvajali na glenohumeralnem sklepu kot jo opisuje Cyriax. Izkušen manualni terapevt je izvedel 3 sete po 12 ponovitev. Med posameznimi seti je bila 1 minuta odmora. Takoj po izvedbi intervencije smo ponovili klinične teste. S statistično analizo Wilcoxon matched pairs smo primerjali ocene bolečine pred in po intervenciji. Statistična značilnost je bila določena na ravni p < 0.05. Rezultati so pokazali, da je artrokinematična mobilizacija abdukcije statistično značilno vplivala na zmanjšanje bolečine pri naslednjih kliničnih testih: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever in Hawkins-Kennedy test. Z artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije naj bi spremenili razmerje med humerusom in glenoidom. Količina kotaljenja glavice humerusa naj bi se zmanjšala medtem ko naj bi se količina striženja glavice humerusa povečala. Na ta način naj bi povečali subakromialni prostor in zmanjšali možnost ukleščenja mehkih tkiv. Zaradi majhnega števila preiskovancev, ki so bili zajeti v raziskavo, moramo biti previdni pri interpretaciji rezultatov. Priporočamo da se raziskava izvede z večjim številom preiskovancev, da se uvede kontrolna skupina in da se preiskovance razdeli v podskupine glede na vzrok za SIS. Zanimivo bi bilo tudi kontrolirati dolgoročni učinek artrokinematične mobilizacije.

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as...

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as ...

Annales kinesiologiae, 2015

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as traditional exercise with continuous endurance, with the main effect on lipid oxidation after the session and similar long-term metabolic adaptations. However, more research is still needed to compare the effects of regular resistance exercise with traditional endurance and high-intensity interval exercise. Finally, nutrition is also a significant factor since food rich in fat and low in carbohydrates promotes greater lipid oxidation.

Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok funkcijsko prizadetega ramena... more Sindrom subakromialne utesnitve ramena (SIS) je najpogostejši vzrok
funkcijsko prizadetega ramena po 40. letu. Vzroki za nastanek SIS so zelo različni, a vsi povzročajo bolečino zaradi ukleščenje mehkih tkiv v subakromialnem prostoru med določenim gibom roke. Cilj naše raziskave je bil preveriti kakšen je takojšnji učinek manualne terapije na bolečino izzvano s kliničnimi testi pri osebah s SIS.
Izbrali smo 5 preiskovancev, ki so imeli unilateralni SIS 1 ali 2 stopnje.
Fizioterapevt, ki ni seznanjen z raziskavo je izvedel 4 klinične teste značilne za SIS: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever, Hawkins–Kennedy test in Neerov kompresijski test. Preiskovanec je ocenil prisotnost bolečine med posameznim testom in sicer na vizualni analogni lestvici od 0 do 10. Artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije smo izvajali na glenohumeralnem sklepu kot jo opisuje Cyriax. Izkušen manualni terapevt je izvedel 3 sete po 12 ponovitev. Med posameznimi seti je bila 1 minuta odmora. Takoj po izvedbi intervencije smo ponovili klinične teste. S statistično analizo Wilcoxon matched pairs smo primerjali ocene bolečine pred in po intervenciji. Statistična značilnost je bila določena na ravni p < 0.05. Rezultati so pokazali, da je artrokinematična mobilizacija abdukcije
statistično značilno vplivala na zmanjšanje bolečine pri naslednjih kliničnih testih: Test spuščanja roke, Yocum manever in Hawkins–Kennedy test. Z artrokinematično mobilizacijo abdukcije naj bi spremenili razmerje med humerusom in glenoidom. Količina kotaljenja glavice humerusa naj bi se zmanjšala medtem ko naj bi se količina striženja glavice humerusa povečala. Na ta način naj bi povečali subakromialni prostor in zmanjšali možnost ukleščenja mehkih tkiv. Zaradi majhnega števila preiskovancev, ki so bili zajeti v raziskavo, moramo biti previdni pri interpretaciji rezultatov. Priporočamo da se raziskava izvede z večjim številom preiskovancev, da se uvede kontrolna skupina in da se preiskovance razdeli v podskupine glede na vzrok za SIS. Zanimivo bi bilo tudi kontrolirati dolgoročni
učinek artrokinematične mobilizacije.

Subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder (SIS) is the leading cause of functional affecte... more Subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder (SIS) is the leading cause of functional affected shoulder after the age of 40. The causes witch lead to development of SIS are different, but all of them causes a pain during specific arm movement, because of soft tissue impingement in subacromial space. The aim of our study was to examine the instant effect of manual therapy on reducing the pain provoked by clinical tests in subjects with SIS. We chose 5 subjects who had unilateral SIS Grade 1 or 2. The physiotherapist who is not familiar with the research was carried out 4 clinical tests specific to SIS: The drop arm test, Yocum maneuver, Hawkins-Kennedy test and Neer compression test. The subject assessed the pain, which was provoked by specific test, on the visual analog scale from 0 to 10. Arthrokinematics' mobilization of abduction was performed on glenohumeral joint as described by Cyriax. Experienced manual therapist performed 3 sets of 12 repetition. Between the sets was 1 min break. Immediately after the intervention were clinical tests repeated. Wilcoxon matched pairs we used to compare pain before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p < 0,05. The results showed that the arthrokinematics mobilization of abduction had significant effect on pain reduction in the following clinical tests: The drop arm test, Yocum maneuver and Hawkins-Kennedy test. We believed that with arthrokinematics mobilization we have change the relationship between humerus and glenoid. We tried to decrease the rolling component and increased the shearing component to increase subacromial space and reduce the possibility to impingement of soft tissue. Due to small number of subjects who were included in the study, we have to be careful when interpreting results. It is recommended that another study be conducted with large number of subjects, with included control group and the subject should be divided into subgroups according to the cause of the SIS. It should be also recommended to monitor long-term effect of mobilization.

Tai Chi Chuan is a complex motoric skill that requires learning the traditional sequences of prec... more Tai Chi Chuan is a complex motoric skill that requires learning the traditional sequences of precisely determined movements. There are 9 training principles, which require, in addition to the coordination, attention of mind, rhythm of breathing and socialization into the group. Regular training of Tai Chi Chuan has positive effects on physical health, cognitive abilities and psychosocial well-being. The article defines the notion of depression, explains the peripheral and central hypotheses of its origin: biochemical model, Laborit's hypothesis of action inhibition, Gelhorn's hypothesis of non-reciprocal sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Causative mechanisms of severe depressive disorder, characterized by depressive symptoms or depression, changes in brain biochemistry, modified brain structure and inflammatory processes in the body are described. Regular practicing Tai Chi Chuan causes physiological and functional changes of the brain and their reorganization. Tai Chi Chuan combines the cognitive, social and meditative effect during practicing motor skill and it is recommended to practice for healthy people and those with depressive symptoms and depression.

Najpogostejša poškodba kolenskega sklepa pri športnikih, kot tudi nogometaših, je ruptura sprednj... more Najpogostejša poškodba kolenskega sklepa pri športnikih, kot tudi nogometaših, je ruptura sprednje križne vezi (ACL). Biomehanika eno ali več let po poškodbi ACL brez rekonstrukcije je pri športnikih slabo raziskana. Obstoječe raziskave so si enotne, da je ena od posledic rupture ACL povečana translacija tibije anteriorno. Cilj pilotne študije je bil ugotoviti razlike v nekaterih biomehanskih parametrih med stabilnim in nestabilnim kolenom pri običajni, samo-izbrani hitrosti hoje z namenom pridobitve vpogleda v možne kompenzatorne strategije. Z visokofrekvenčno kamero (120 Hz) in reflektivnimi markerji na spodnjih okončinah smo posneli 10 korakov v fazi opore pri preiskovanki (starost: 39 let, telesna višina: 158,5 cm, telesna masa: 45,0 kg) s totalno rupturo ACL (mehansko nestabilno, a funkcionalno stabilno koleno), 3 leta po poškodbi. S pomočjo kinematične analize smo spremljali kot levega in desnega kolena. Obenem smo s pritiskovno ploščo izmerili reakcijske sile podlage in s pomočjo inverzne dinamike izračunali povprečen neto mišični navor obeh kolen. S pomočjo T-testa za neodvisne vzorce oz. Mann-Whitney U testa smo ugotovili značilno (p=0,000) večji kot ekstenzije nestabilnega kolena, medtem ko se neto mišični navor ni razlikoval med stabilnim in nestabilnim kolenom. Znano je, da totalna ruptura ACL vodi v razvoj prezgodnje artroze kolenskega sklepa. Pričakovali bi, da je neto mišični navor tisti, ki povzroča prezgodnjo obrabo hrustanca, vendar kot kažejo rezultati te pilotne študije, obremenitve na mehansko nestabilno koleno niso povečane. Povečan navor verjetno ni tisti, ki bi bil primarno odgovoren za razvoj prezgodnje artroze, ampak nosi večjo težo spremenjena trenutna os vrtenja v kolenu, ki je posledica povečanega kota ekstenzije. Uporaba fizioterapevtske tehnike manualne kinematične reedukacije bi lahko omogočila

Rezultati kažejo na spremenjen gibalni vzorec hoje v stabilnem in nestabilnem kolenu. ACL zaustav... more Rezultati kažejo na spremenjen gibalni vzorec hoje v stabilnem in nestabilnem kolenu. ACL zaustavlja anteriorni zdrs tibije. Po totalni rupturi ACL le ta ne opravlja več te funkcije. Sinergisti ACL, ki lahko zaustavljajo anteriorni zdrs tibije naprej so fleksorji kolen. V naši raziskavi smo ugotovili, da je v nestabilnem kolenu večja aktivacija m. biceps femoris in manjša aktivacija m. vastus medialis kot v stabilnem kolenu. Smiselno je sklepati, da želi telo preprečiti prevelik zdrs tibije naprej tako, da aktivira fleksorje kolen in inhibira m. quadriceps.

Sedenje na stolu s premikajočim sedalom je slabše in bolj nevarno za razvoj kumulativnih okvar tk... more Sedenje na stolu s premikajočim sedalom je slabše in bolj nevarno za razvoj kumulativnih okvar tkiv, še posebej medvretenčne ploščice.

Klečalnik in stol s sedlasto oblikovanim sedalom bolj vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje kot navadno ob... more Klečalnik in stol s sedlasto oblikovanim sedalom bolj vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje kot navadno oblikovan stol.

Dolgotrajno sedenje v kifotičnem položaju povzroča kumulativne okvare tkiv.

Določena zgradba omogoča specifično funkcijo tkiva.

Hrbtenica je zgrajena iz vretenc, ki so med seboj povezana s fasetnimi sklepi, ligamenti, mišicam... more Hrbtenica je zgrajena iz vretenc, ki so med seboj povezana s fasetnimi sklepi, ligamenti, mišicami in medvretenčnimi ploščicami.

Sedentary life style and working in sitting positions are important factors effecting protrusion ... more Sedentary life style and working in sitting positions are important factors effecting protrusion of lumbar discs. When sitting is upright, we face lesser mechanical forces on dorsal part of disc where protrusions are frequent. Consequently, the question is-how to avoid lesions? The study aimed to compare different shapes and types of chairs: saddle seat and ordinary, static and movable chair. With camera frequency 5/s we've recorded an adult male working on the computer during the eight our workday. The first day seated on a static ordinary seat, the second on a saddle chair and the third on a movable seat. We analyzed movements of lumbar spine using 2d kinematic analysis. The results as percentage of the total for ordinary seat, saddle chair and movable seat are 19%, 34% and 24% respectively. It shows that a saddle chair enhance the most upright position. Upright position percentages of the movable seat were higher comparing the static: not because of the type of a seat but because the man maintained the upright position leaning on the arms. On contrary, seating on the static ordinary seat and saddle chair, no leaning. To conclude, saddle chair enhances upright sitting, movable seat forces to incorrect body positions, which lead to overuse and pain.

Opravljanje dela pretežno v sedečem položaju in telesna neaktivnost, sta pomembna dejavnika za ok... more Opravljanje dela pretežno v sedečem položaju in telesna neaktivnost, sta pomembna dejavnika za okvaro medvretenčnih ledvenih ploščic. Pokončno sedenje manj obremenjuje dorzalni del, kjer so okvare najpogostejše. Zanimalo nas je, ali oblika in vrsta stola vzpodbujata pokončno sedenje. Med delom za računalnikom je merjenec sedel na dveh različnih stolih. Na prvem z nepremikajočim in primikajočim sedalom v vse smeri, na drugem s sedalom v obliki sedla. V delavnem okolju smo s kamero snemali v času osem urnega delavnika. Frekvenca video zajema je bila 5/s. S pomočjo dvodimenzionalne kinematične analize smo naredili analizo gibanja ledvene hrbtenice v sagitalni ravnini. Dobljeni deleži pokončnega sedenja od skupnega so bili: nepremikajoče sedalo 19%, premično sedalo 24% in sedlasto sedalo 34%. Izkazalo se je, sedlasta oblika bolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje kot navadna oblika. Deleži pokončnega sedenja pri premikajočemu sedalu so bili v primerjavi z nepremičnim sicer večji, toda ne zaradi vrste sedala, temveč nenehnega opiranja z rokami na mizo, ko je merjenec vzdrževal pokončni položaj. Pri sedenju na stolu z nepremičnim in sedalom v obliki sedla, pa se merjenec ni opiral na roke. Sedenje na sedlasti obliki najbolj vzpodbuja pokončno sedenje. Premikajoče sedalo sili telo v nepravilne položaje, kar vodi do preobremenitev in bolečin. Ključne besede: pokončno sedenje, sedlast stol, premikajoče sedalo, kinematika.

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) je tradicionalna kitajska veščina, ki spada med zahtevne motorične spretnosti... more Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) je tradicionalna kitajska veščina, ki spada med zahtevne motorične spretnosti, zaradi načel, ki delajo TCC edinstveno veščino. TCC je primerna vadba za vsakogar, tudi za starostnike. Za izvedbo in učenje TCC se ne potrebuje dragih pripomočkov ali posebnih prostorskih zahtev, zato je vadba TCC lahko dostopna vsakomur. Poleg dobrih vplivov TCC vadbe na fizično, psihično in socialno zdravje, TCC tudi vpliva na boljšo periferno mikrocirkulacijo. Progresivno zmanjšanje mikrocirkulacije je povezano s staranjem, a redna vadba TCC ta proces upočasni. Mehanizem izboljšanega delovanja žilja v koži zaradi vadbe TCC je zaradi povečane količine krvi, ki je v koži, s tem ko se poveča iztisni volumen srca, in z zmanjšanjem perifernega upora. TCC vadba je priporočljiva vadba tudi za starostnike, saj dobro vpliva na aerobno vzdržljivost kot tudi na prekrvavljenost tkiv.

Poleg ostalih pomembnih vlog NO vpliva na gladke mišice v žilah tako, da povzroča sproščanje in š... more Poleg ostalih pomembnih vlog NO vpliva na gladke mišice v žilah tako, da povzroča sproščanje in širjenje žil in tako uravnava pretok krvi do vseh organov in celic v telesu. NO preprečuje tvorbo oblog in zmanjšuje nalaganje oblog v arterijah. Imunski sitem porablja NO za borbo proti bakterijskim, virusnim in gljivičnim okužbam ter parazitom. NO je močan antioksidant, ki razoroži proste radikale v telesu in tako lahko prispeva k zmanjšanju najpogostejših morilcev pri nas: srčni infarkt, možganska kap, sladkorna bolezen in rak. Kako lahko vzpodbudimo nastajanje NO v telesu? Nastajanje NO vzpodbudimo z jemanjem prehranskih dopolnil (L-arginina, L-citrulina in določeni antioksidanti), z vnosom določenih živil (rdeče meso, ribe, olivno olje, oreški, sok granatnega jabolka, borovnice) in redno gibalno-športno aktivnostjo (hoja, lahkoten tek, ples). Zgoraj naštete stvari delujejo vzajemno. To pomeni, da vsaka stvar posebej nima tako velikega učinka, kot vse stvari skupaj.

Annales Kinesiologiae, 2015

Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects a... more Given that physical activity is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation, its effects are influenced by several factors. The goal of this review was to identify the most effective methods that facilitate the highest lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. For this purpose, the available scientific literature was examined using Pu-bMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2013 with the following keywords: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise fatty acid, energy expenditure exercise and interval training. From the identified 48,583 potentially relevant references, 172 of them met all the required criteria. It was found out that prolonged (> 30 min) moderate intensity (55 − 70 % VO 2 max) exercise such as walking, jogging or cycling is the most effective way to increase lipid oxidation during and after a single exercise session. Low-volume high-intensity interval exercise is supposed to be as effective as traditional exercise with continuous endurance, with the main effect on lipid oxidation after the session and similar long-term metabolic adaptations. However, more research is still needed to compare the effects of regular resistance exercise with traditional endurance and high-intensity interval exercise. Finally, nutrition is also a significant factor since food rich in fat and low in carbohydrates promotes greater lipid oxidation.

Kumulativne travmatske motnje lahko nastanejo zaradi statičnih skrajnih fleksijskih položajev, ki... more Kumulativne travmatske motnje lahko nastanejo zaradi statičnih skrajnih fleksijskih položajev, ki so kvarni za ledveni del. Kažejo se s pojavom neprijetnih občutkov, bolečine, otrdelosti z omejeno gibljivostjo sklepov in oslabelosti v smislu trenutne nesposobnosti generiranja sil oz. prenašanja obremenitev v okviru fizioloških sposobnosti (LaBry in sod, 2004). Najpogostejši kvarni mehanizem za tkiva v ledvenem delu hrbtenice je skrajno končni fleksijski položaj. Do tega pride lahko ali pri dolgotrajnemu zadrževanju v predklonu ali pri kifotičnem sedenju (Iqbal in Alghadir, 2017; Putz-Anderson, 1988). Raziskave so bile izvedene na živalih in ljudeh. Podani so ergonomski nasveti, kako se izogniti kumulativnim travmatskim motnjam.

EMG we can devidee to needling EMG and nerve conduction. This 2 clinical tests play a very import... more EMG we can devidee to needling EMG and nerve conduction. This 2 clinical tests play a very important role in the evaluation of patients presenting with neuromuscular problems. Predominantly they are used for evaluation of peripheral nervous system, including motor neuron, dorsal root ganglion, root, plexus, nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscle diseases.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and oldest cardiac investigations available,... more The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and oldest cardiac investigations available, yet it can provide a wealth of useful information and remains an essential part of the assessment of cardiac patients. An ECG is simply a representation of the electrical activity of the heart muscle as it changes with time, usually printed on paper for easier analysis. Like other muscles, cardiac muscle contracts in response to electrical depolarization of the muscle cells. It is the sum of this electrical activity, when amplified and recorded for just a few seconds that we know as an ECG.