Ilham Bakri | Hasanuddin University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ilham Bakri

J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri

One of the risks in the workplace today is the risk of ergonomic hazards, apart from the risks of... more One of the risks in the workplace today is the risk of ergonomic hazards, apart from the risks of hazards that often occur such as risks of physical hazards and risks of hazards from the work environment. If the risk of physical hazards and the risk of environmental hazards already have many safety signs that are widely accepted, this is not the case with the risk of ergonomic hazards that do not yet have a validated and widely used safety sign. More fundamentally, awareness of the risks of ergonomic hazards is not fully understood by both workers and employer institutions. The method used in reviewing this paper is to enter the keywords safety sign, safety sign design, and ergonomic risk factors on google scholar and science direct.

Background: One of the important nickel extraction processes is mixing nickel ore into Dry Ore St... more Background: One of the important nickel extraction processes is mixing nickel ore into Dry Ore Storage (DOS) material as the main intake of Kiln Reduction. To ensure mixed material quality, DOS Sample House operators regularly takes sample and test the homogeneity of samples manually. Material handled by lifting some buckets moved to be mixed, then 1/8 of mixed sample tested and 7/8 disposed. This test activity takes 15 minutes each for 35 samples in one shift. The aim of this study was to evaluate posture, determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and fatigue of DOS Sample House II workers. Method: A random sampling method according to mining work activity type was used to obtain the sample. Total of seven workers data was collected by using Nordic Body Map for symptoms and subjective workload using Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) questionnaire; after they finished all tasks of their shift. Four out of 25 tasks in one test were selected (reject sample rem...

JURNAL TEPAT : Applied Technology Journal for Community Engagement and Services, 2020

In the midst of the current pandemic, of course, many businesses are feeling the impact of financ... more In the midst of the current pandemic, of course, many businesses are feeling the impact of financial decline. However, MSME actors in each region or city this incident could be an opportunity to improve their welfare. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the economy of Indonesian society. Several aspects of the role of SMEs in the life of small communities, namely, facilities to alleviate the community from the abyss of poverty, means of leveling the economic level of the small people, and providing foreign exchange income. By encouraging MSMEs to upgrade to grades, it can reduce the poverty rate by around 20% or the equivalent of removing 5 million people from poverty. In addition, it can reduce the inequality rate by about 4%. Therefore, support from various parties to improve quality in the midst of the current pandemic is needed. One of the MSMEs that currently has superior products is water hyacinth sandals and woven bags, namely the Anayamandir...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, mar... more Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, markets, and various industries. Trash consists of various types, forms, and sources. A trash can be a problem because it causes a health problem for human and air pollution. At this time, the awareness of throw the trash to the trash bin still lacks considering especially in public areas. This case is caused by a dirty trash bin, smelly, and neglected. The purpose of this literature review is to find out the theoretical framework to design trash bins in public areas, which managed in an integrated manner so that these problems are not found anymore. The method used in reviewing this paper is by entering keywords trash bin, smart trash IoT, integrated trash bin, and related to trash bin design on google scholar and ScienceDirect, which published in 2015-2019.

KnE Life Sciences, Jun 19, 2018

Welding is an important process of steel fabrication. Even though welder is associated with vario... more Welding is an important process of steel fabrication. Even though welder is associated with various occupational hazards, there is limited information of work-related health problems within this occupational group. This study aimed to gather information about occupational hazards, use of personal protective equipment, and demographics among small-scale welding workshops. A work site-based cross-sectional study was conducted at 34 small-scale welding workshops in Makassar, Indonesia. Interviews, questionnaire, and direct observation used to collect data on demographic characteristics, occupational hazards, and musculoskeletal disorder experience. The demographic factors that were collected were age, work duration, educational status, work experience, technical training, safety tools, also smoking and drinking habit. Working posture assessed using OWAS and level of musculoskeletal disorder using Nordic body map. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression was used for correlations analysis. In general, result indicated that workers were 34 ± 11 years old, 66 percent married, 78 percent smoking, 22 percent had drinking habit, 56 percent had grade school education or less, 66 percent were employed for more than 4 years, 73 percent worked less than 8 hours a day, 95 and 84 percent, respectively, did not take safety training and safety awareness. Work condition assessed concludes that 36 percent of participants perceived the temperature was hot, 47 percent noisy, 66 percent illuminations were good enough, and 44 percent did not use chair to support them. Nordic body map and OWAS posture analysis indicated that 51 percent welders were experiencing moderate level of musculoskeletal complaint and 55 percent welders were category 3. Nevertheless, the only factor having a significant value associated with musculoskeletal symptoms was working posture (p-value = 0.030). Welders in this study were experiencing musculoskeletal complaint of back pain, hip, forearm, buttock, and shoulder; which OWAS suggest need improvement immediately. Further research needed within this occupational group to improve working posture, safety, and protective equipment awareness, also avoiding musculoskeletal disorder.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019

This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction ... more This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction time for participants aged 18-22 years (Group A) and 35-45 years (Group B). Data collection was done by measuring the reaction time ability and respondent’s subjective response to the air conditions (AC) setting of 18°C (AC-18), 24°C (AC-24), and Non AC (Control). Results show that in the 18°C AC setting the reaction time of Group A with regular stimulus was slower than Group B. Whereas by giving random stimulus, the reaction time of Group B was slower compared to Group A. In the condition of the room with AC 24°C and AC settings not used (T = 26.19 ± 0.55°C), ordered and random stimulus reaction time of Group B slower than Group A. Furthermore, there is a somewhat different trend between subjective sensation felt by Group A and Group B. The reduced sensitivity of taste senses on the skin part is likely to cause respondents in Group B to feel COLD slower than Group A. Likewise in the the...

International Journal of Technology, 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the driver whe... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the driver when he or she enter the vehicle cabin for the first time after the vehicle was put in parking slot. Method: Eight healthy male students have underwent tests in vehicle cabin that have been parked two hours without any shading. Immediately after they enter the cabin, they run one of the test conditions: 1. The control condition (CON) test, which was the test that all windows' glass in the cabin were fully lowered and AC was OFF; 2. The condition where all windows closed and AC was set at the first speed level (AC-1); 3. The condition where all windows closed and AC was set at the second speed level (AC-2). Results and discussion: The attempt to decrease the air temperature in the cabin by opening all the windows did not give a significant impact to the physiological responses. Conditioning the air temperature by turned ON the vehicle air conditioning would suppress T̅ sk and HR but not T ty. However, using the first or the second speed of the air conditioning did not make any significant difference in the physiological responses of the volunteers.

Population density is one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste including plastic wa... more Population density is one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste including plastic waste. Waste is one problem that needs attention, especially in urban areas. Waste can be used as a source of renewable energy which is very abundant but the obstacle is that until now it has not been optimally utilized. However, at present, this pattern of thinking has begun to be pushed aside after the implementation of PLTSa in the garbage disposal area and will increase public awareness of the environment. There are several management methods that can be used to make waste as fuel to generate electricity, namely, the thermal conversion process and the biological conversion process. The process of managing waste as fuel will be even better if it is carried out using a strategic partner method. The Environmental Agency of Pangkep Region has implemented a waste bank program so that waste can be well coordinated in several districts. The problem faced by the waste bank in Pangkep region is...

Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 2015

Some inconsistencies within the existing test standards for firefighter's personal protective clo... more Some inconsistencies within the existing test standards for firefighter's personal protective clothing (PPE) are still remain. For that reason, and to response the need for an easier and reliable PPE standard, a new firefighter PPE standard test was developed in our laboratory. The aim of this paper is to describe some valuable lessons found in related to the men working using PPE in hot environment. Firstly, there is still more space to reduce the burden on firefighters by improving the SCBA and its harness design. Secondly, a PPE should be tested in hot environment to have a better understanding about the physiological impact of the PPE in a similar condition that it will be used. And lastly, although the tympanic temperature was more reactive, the tympanic temperature profiles were in a similar tendency to the rectal temperature profile so that the tympanic temperature measurement is acceptable in a PPE standard test.  Index Terms-personal protective equipment, self contained breathing apparatus, standard test method, firefighters

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani rumput laut saat ini adalah pengetahuan dan kemampuan peng... more Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani rumput laut saat ini adalah pengetahuan dan kemampuan pengolah produk rumput laut pasca panen. Umumnya masyarakat cenderung untuk menjual rumput laut dalam bentuk gelondongan yang kurang memiliki nilai tambah secara ekonomis. Melalui program Pengabdian ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengembangkan produk hasil rumput laut sehingga menghasilkan nilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi. Pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan kegiatan pendampingan kepada petani rumput laut dan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) di Kabupaten Barru dalam bentuk pelatihan pembuatan produk olahan rumput laut seperti Bakso rumput laut dan nugget rumput laut. Selain itu disampaikan juga materi budidaya rumput laut yang baik, materi perencanaan produksi dan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Pada kegiatan ini juga dilakukan pendampingan IKM yang terpilih dalam hal perencanaan produksi. Target kegiatan melakukan perbaikan metode kerja dan peningkatan kualitas produksi mela...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The Tower Area at PT Eastern Pearl Flour Mills, which is located on the jetty, causes workers who... more The Tower Area at PT Eastern Pearl Flour Mills, which is located on the jetty, causes workers who are directly exposed to the reflection of sunlight. A hot work climate increases the physical fatigue of workers which can be measured by the strength of the handle and the stimulation reaction time. This research was conducted to identify the working climate conditions in the Tower area of PT. EPFM, conditions of work fatigue of workers and the influence of a hot work climate with work fatigue of workers. The linear regression method is used to determine the relationship between hot work climate and work fatigue. The hot working climate including ISBB and humidity respectively become independent variables or predictor variables while handheld strength and reaction time are dependent variables or response variables. Statistical test results with linear regression obtained ISBB and humidity significantly influence the decrease in the strength of the dominant hand grip (Sig. 0,000). ISBB ...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Worker comfort is one important factor in the production operation. The attention to comfort in t... more Worker comfort is one important factor in the production operation. The attention to comfort in the workplace will be able to reduce the occurrence of complaints. Facilities and workplace conditions that are not ergonomic increase worker’s complaints, such as musculoskeletal disorders are often experienced. Many factors affect the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this research, social demographic factors retrieved and the influence its effect on musculoskeletal experienced by front shovel operators at a mining company in South Sulawesi was analyzed. This research was based on subjective questionnaries and data obtained were processed by using bivariate statistical method. Dependent and independent variables are musculoskeletal disorder, social demography factor, handgrip strength, subjective physical complaint and environmental factors (temperature, noise, vibration, lighting, and dust). Results concluded from 28 front shovel operators, they have a senior hig...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The purpose of this study was to identify work postures and determine the risk of health problems... more The purpose of this study was to identify work postures and determine the risk of health problems due to the body postures of traditional salt farmers. The sample used in this study was 37 traditional salt farmers from Pundata Baji, Pangkep Regency - Indonesia. The analysis techniques used were the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods. The results show that based on the RULA score, there were two work postures that require investigation and change as soon as possible (urgently) (Level 4). As for the REBA score, there was one posture that is included in the very high-risk category, which needs improvement right now. Subjective complaints data show that the most complaints from traditional salt farmers occur in the back area with a percentage of 72.97%. This is caused by the fact that most work postures are carried out in a bent position for a long time.

J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri

One of the risks in the workplace today is the risk of ergonomic hazards, apart from the risks of... more One of the risks in the workplace today is the risk of ergonomic hazards, apart from the risks of hazards that often occur such as risks of physical hazards and risks of hazards from the work environment. If the risk of physical hazards and the risk of environmental hazards already have many safety signs that are widely accepted, this is not the case with the risk of ergonomic hazards that do not yet have a validated and widely used safety sign. More fundamentally, awareness of the risks of ergonomic hazards is not fully understood by both workers and employer institutions. The method used in reviewing this paper is to enter the keywords safety sign, safety sign design, and ergonomic risk factors on google scholar and science direct.

Background: One of the important nickel extraction processes is mixing nickel ore into Dry Ore St... more Background: One of the important nickel extraction processes is mixing nickel ore into Dry Ore Storage (DOS) material as the main intake of Kiln Reduction. To ensure mixed material quality, DOS Sample House operators regularly takes sample and test the homogeneity of samples manually. Material handled by lifting some buckets moved to be mixed, then 1/8 of mixed sample tested and 7/8 disposed. This test activity takes 15 minutes each for 35 samples in one shift. The aim of this study was to evaluate posture, determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and fatigue of DOS Sample House II workers. Method: A random sampling method according to mining work activity type was used to obtain the sample. Total of seven workers data was collected by using Nordic Body Map for symptoms and subjective workload using Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) questionnaire; after they finished all tasks of their shift. Four out of 25 tasks in one test were selected (reject sample rem...

JURNAL TEPAT : Applied Technology Journal for Community Engagement and Services, 2020

In the midst of the current pandemic, of course, many businesses are feeling the impact of financ... more In the midst of the current pandemic, of course, many businesses are feeling the impact of financial decline. However, MSME actors in each region or city this incident could be an opportunity to improve their welfare. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the economy of Indonesian society. Several aspects of the role of SMEs in the life of small communities, namely, facilities to alleviate the community from the abyss of poverty, means of leveling the economic level of the small people, and providing foreign exchange income. By encouraging MSMEs to upgrade to grades, it can reduce the poverty rate by around 20% or the equivalent of removing 5 million people from poverty. In addition, it can reduce the inequality rate by about 4%. Therefore, support from various parties to improve quality in the midst of the current pandemic is needed. One of the MSMEs that currently has superior products is water hyacinth sandals and woven bags, namely the Anayamandir...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, mar... more Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, markets, and various industries. Trash consists of various types, forms, and sources. A trash can be a problem because it causes a health problem for human and air pollution. At this time, the awareness of throw the trash to the trash bin still lacks considering especially in public areas. This case is caused by a dirty trash bin, smelly, and neglected. The purpose of this literature review is to find out the theoretical framework to design trash bins in public areas, which managed in an integrated manner so that these problems are not found anymore. The method used in reviewing this paper is by entering keywords trash bin, smart trash IoT, integrated trash bin, and related to trash bin design on google scholar and ScienceDirect, which published in 2015-2019.

KnE Life Sciences, Jun 19, 2018

Welding is an important process of steel fabrication. Even though welder is associated with vario... more Welding is an important process of steel fabrication. Even though welder is associated with various occupational hazards, there is limited information of work-related health problems within this occupational group. This study aimed to gather information about occupational hazards, use of personal protective equipment, and demographics among small-scale welding workshops. A work site-based cross-sectional study was conducted at 34 small-scale welding workshops in Makassar, Indonesia. Interviews, questionnaire, and direct observation used to collect data on demographic characteristics, occupational hazards, and musculoskeletal disorder experience. The demographic factors that were collected were age, work duration, educational status, work experience, technical training, safety tools, also smoking and drinking habit. Working posture assessed using OWAS and level of musculoskeletal disorder using Nordic body map. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression was used for correlations analysis. In general, result indicated that workers were 34 ± 11 years old, 66 percent married, 78 percent smoking, 22 percent had drinking habit, 56 percent had grade school education or less, 66 percent were employed for more than 4 years, 73 percent worked less than 8 hours a day, 95 and 84 percent, respectively, did not take safety training and safety awareness. Work condition assessed concludes that 36 percent of participants perceived the temperature was hot, 47 percent noisy, 66 percent illuminations were good enough, and 44 percent did not use chair to support them. Nordic body map and OWAS posture analysis indicated that 51 percent welders were experiencing moderate level of musculoskeletal complaint and 55 percent welders were category 3. Nevertheless, the only factor having a significant value associated with musculoskeletal symptoms was working posture (p-value = 0.030). Welders in this study were experiencing musculoskeletal complaint of back pain, hip, forearm, buttock, and shoulder; which OWAS suggest need improvement immediately. Further research needed within this occupational group to improve working posture, safety, and protective equipment awareness, also avoiding musculoskeletal disorder.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019

This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction ... more This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction time for participants aged 18-22 years (Group A) and 35-45 years (Group B). Data collection was done by measuring the reaction time ability and respondent’s subjective response to the air conditions (AC) setting of 18°C (AC-18), 24°C (AC-24), and Non AC (Control). Results show that in the 18°C AC setting the reaction time of Group A with regular stimulus was slower than Group B. Whereas by giving random stimulus, the reaction time of Group B was slower compared to Group A. In the condition of the room with AC 24°C and AC settings not used (T = 26.19 ± 0.55°C), ordered and random stimulus reaction time of Group B slower than Group A. Furthermore, there is a somewhat different trend between subjective sensation felt by Group A and Group B. The reduced sensitivity of taste senses on the skin part is likely to cause respondents in Group B to feel COLD slower than Group A. Likewise in the the...

International Journal of Technology, 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the driver whe... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of the driver when he or she enter the vehicle cabin for the first time after the vehicle was put in parking slot. Method: Eight healthy male students have underwent tests in vehicle cabin that have been parked two hours without any shading. Immediately after they enter the cabin, they run one of the test conditions: 1. The control condition (CON) test, which was the test that all windows' glass in the cabin were fully lowered and AC was OFF; 2. The condition where all windows closed and AC was set at the first speed level (AC-1); 3. The condition where all windows closed and AC was set at the second speed level (AC-2). Results and discussion: The attempt to decrease the air temperature in the cabin by opening all the windows did not give a significant impact to the physiological responses. Conditioning the air temperature by turned ON the vehicle air conditioning would suppress T̅ sk and HR but not T ty. However, using the first or the second speed of the air conditioning did not make any significant difference in the physiological responses of the volunteers.

Population density is one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste including plastic wa... more Population density is one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste including plastic waste. Waste is one problem that needs attention, especially in urban areas. Waste can be used as a source of renewable energy which is very abundant but the obstacle is that until now it has not been optimally utilized. However, at present, this pattern of thinking has begun to be pushed aside after the implementation of PLTSa in the garbage disposal area and will increase public awareness of the environment. There are several management methods that can be used to make waste as fuel to generate electricity, namely, the thermal conversion process and the biological conversion process. The process of managing waste as fuel will be even better if it is carried out using a strategic partner method. The Environmental Agency of Pangkep Region has implemented a waste bank program so that waste can be well coordinated in several districts. The problem faced by the waste bank in Pangkep region is...

Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 2015

Some inconsistencies within the existing test standards for firefighter's personal protective clo... more Some inconsistencies within the existing test standards for firefighter's personal protective clothing (PPE) are still remain. For that reason, and to response the need for an easier and reliable PPE standard, a new firefighter PPE standard test was developed in our laboratory. The aim of this paper is to describe some valuable lessons found in related to the men working using PPE in hot environment. Firstly, there is still more space to reduce the burden on firefighters by improving the SCBA and its harness design. Secondly, a PPE should be tested in hot environment to have a better understanding about the physiological impact of the PPE in a similar condition that it will be used. And lastly, although the tympanic temperature was more reactive, the tympanic temperature profiles were in a similar tendency to the rectal temperature profile so that the tympanic temperature measurement is acceptable in a PPE standard test.  Index Terms-personal protective equipment, self contained breathing apparatus, standard test method, firefighters

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani rumput laut saat ini adalah pengetahuan dan kemampuan peng... more Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani rumput laut saat ini adalah pengetahuan dan kemampuan pengolah produk rumput laut pasca panen. Umumnya masyarakat cenderung untuk menjual rumput laut dalam bentuk gelondongan yang kurang memiliki nilai tambah secara ekonomis. Melalui program Pengabdian ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengembangkan produk hasil rumput laut sehingga menghasilkan nilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi. Pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan kegiatan pendampingan kepada petani rumput laut dan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) di Kabupaten Barru dalam bentuk pelatihan pembuatan produk olahan rumput laut seperti Bakso rumput laut dan nugget rumput laut. Selain itu disampaikan juga materi budidaya rumput laut yang baik, materi perencanaan produksi dan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Pada kegiatan ini juga dilakukan pendampingan IKM yang terpilih dalam hal perencanaan produksi. Target kegiatan melakukan perbaikan metode kerja dan peningkatan kualitas produksi mela...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The Tower Area at PT Eastern Pearl Flour Mills, which is located on the jetty, causes workers who... more The Tower Area at PT Eastern Pearl Flour Mills, which is located on the jetty, causes workers who are directly exposed to the reflection of sunlight. A hot work climate increases the physical fatigue of workers which can be measured by the strength of the handle and the stimulation reaction time. This research was conducted to identify the working climate conditions in the Tower area of PT. EPFM, conditions of work fatigue of workers and the influence of a hot work climate with work fatigue of workers. The linear regression method is used to determine the relationship between hot work climate and work fatigue. The hot working climate including ISBB and humidity respectively become independent variables or predictor variables while handheld strength and reaction time are dependent variables or response variables. Statistical test results with linear regression obtained ISBB and humidity significantly influence the decrease in the strength of the dominant hand grip (Sig. 0,000). ISBB ...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Worker comfort is one important factor in the production operation. The attention to comfort in t... more Worker comfort is one important factor in the production operation. The attention to comfort in the workplace will be able to reduce the occurrence of complaints. Facilities and workplace conditions that are not ergonomic increase worker’s complaints, such as musculoskeletal disorders are often experienced. Many factors affect the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this research, social demographic factors retrieved and the influence its effect on musculoskeletal experienced by front shovel operators at a mining company in South Sulawesi was analyzed. This research was based on subjective questionnaries and data obtained were processed by using bivariate statistical method. Dependent and independent variables are musculoskeletal disorder, social demography factor, handgrip strength, subjective physical complaint and environmental factors (temperature, noise, vibration, lighting, and dust). Results concluded from 28 front shovel operators, they have a senior hig...

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

The purpose of this study was to identify work postures and determine the risk of health problems... more The purpose of this study was to identify work postures and determine the risk of health problems due to the body postures of traditional salt farmers. The sample used in this study was 37 traditional salt farmers from Pundata Baji, Pangkep Regency - Indonesia. The analysis techniques used were the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods. The results show that based on the RULA score, there were two work postures that require investigation and change as soon as possible (urgently) (Level 4). As for the REBA score, there was one posture that is included in the very high-risk category, which needs improvement right now. Subjective complaints data show that the most complaints from traditional salt farmers occur in the back area with a percentage of 72.97%. This is caused by the fact that most work postures are carried out in a bent position for a long time.