Dirk Lauber | University Of Bayreuth, Germany (original) (raw)

Papers by Dirk Lauber

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Feb 1, 2007

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exercise on coronary heart dise... more The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exercise on coronary heart disease, osteoporotic risk factors, and physical fitness parameters in postmenopausal women. Forty early postmenopausal women (age 55.1 +/- 3.3 years) with no medication or illness affecting bone metabolism exercised (high impact aerobic, multilateral jumps, multi-set resistance exercise) for 50 months (EG), while 28 women (age 55.5 +/- 3.0 years) served as a nontraining control (CG). Both groups were supplemented with calcium and cholecalciferol. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood lipids were determined using serum samples, and body composition was determined using the bioimpedance technique. Further, maximum isometric strength was determined (Schnell M3, Schnell Trainer). The BMD at the lumbar spine (+1.0%, p = 0.037) and the total hip (-0.3%, p = 0.194) were maintained in the EG, while significant (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) decreases were observed in the CG (lumbar spine -3.2; total hip -2.3%). Differences between both groups were significant (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Significant differences between EG and CG were also observed, respectively, for total cholesterol (-6.1 vs. +3.5%, p = 0.008), HDL-cholesterol (+14.1 vs. -7.1%, p = 0.007), triglycerides (-10.2 vs. +27.5%, p = 0.002), body fat (-3.3 vs. +1.3%, p = 0.041), and waist-hip-ratio (-3.5 vs. +0.2%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.001). Maximum isometric strength significantly (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) increased in the EG, while strength parameters decreased in the CG (-0.5 to -6.4%). Thus, the study demonstrated that multipurpose high-intensity exercise programs significantly affect relevant menopausal risk factors and, therefore, may be individually considered as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy.

Digitalisierung des Handels mit ePace, 2013

Ein Agieren in gesättigten Märkten ist in vielen Branchen weltweit Normalität, fast immer mit ein... more Ein Agieren in gesättigten Märkten ist in vielen Branchen weltweit Normalität, fast immer mit einem Verfall der jeweiligen Branchenrendite vergesellschaftet, und führt in der Regel zum Einsatz von Abschöpfungs-und Desinvestitionsstrategien. E-Commerce weist im Umfeld aktuell rückläufiger Umsatzzuwächse, EBIT-Margen im niedrigen einstelligen Bereich auf und zeigt bereits klare Indikatoren einer beginnenden Stagnation. An der Schwelle zum Strategiewechsel bieten sich daher alternativ zu reflexhaften Normstrategien der Portfolioanalyse alternative produktivitätsgetriebene Strategien an. Diese Transformationsnotwendigkeit trifft E-Commerce-Unternehmen nach einer euphorischen Wachstumsrallye der letzten Dekade in einem Status relativer Inexistenz einer erforderlichen Prozesslandschaft. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, eine additive strategische Vorgehensweise zu skizzieren um im B2C E-Retail schmale Renditen in eine Phase der stabilen Reife zu überführen.

Speech has been most common form of human communication. Due to advancements in speech recognitio... more Speech has been most common form of human communication. Due to advancements in speech recognition technology, the computer system today understands human languages and human voice commands. The major challenge concerning speech recognition is its alteration by accents, mannerism, and dialects [10]. In technical terms it can be said that speech recognition is the ability of a machine to recognize phrases and words in spoken language and convert them into machinereadable format [1, 2]. The main components of speech are mentioned as under [3, 4]. Utterance-An utterance refers to speaking of words that represent a single meaning to the computer. Utterances can range from single word to multiple sentences. Speaker dependence-These systems are designed around a specific speaker. These systems are accurate for particular speaker and less accurate for other speakers. These systems give positive results when speaker speaks in a consistent voice and tempo. Vocabularies-Vocabularies include words that are recognized by speech recognition system. Computer recognizes smaller vocabularies more accurately as compared to larger vocabularies. There is no such restriction that the word has to be of single word. It can be of a sentence or two [5]. Accuracy-Accuracy refers to identifying an utterance and also notifying whether spoken utterance is in its vocabulary or not. Efficient speech recognition systems have an accuracy of more than 98%. The acceptable accuracy depends on the application. Training-Many speech recognizers carries the ability to adapt to a speaker. An automatic speech recognition system is trained by repeating common words and phrases and having adjusting its comparison algorithm to match the speech of particular speaker. A good training results in enhancing accuracy of the system [6, 9]. 2. OBJECTIVES AND ADAPTED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The objectives of the research paper are mentioned as under.  To implement a system capable of recognizing a user's speech and creating an audio file this can be added up to create a dynamic template or database.  To directly record the spoken words avoiding the problems with use of microphone.

Publice Premium, Sep 12, 2006

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011

Impact of testing strategy on expression of upperbody work capacity and one repetition maximum pr... more Impact of testing strategy on expression of upperbody work capacity and one repetition maximum prediction after resistance training in college-aged men and women.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008

Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women befo... more Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women before and after resistance training.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2007

Kemmler, W., K. Engelke, S. von Stengel, J. Weineck, D. Lauber, and W.A. Kalender. Long-term four... more Kemmler, W., K. Engelke, S. von Stengel, J. Weineck, D. Lauber, and W.A. Kalender. Long-term four-year exercise has a positive effect on menopausal risk factors: The Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study study. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(1):232-239. 2007.-The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exercise on coronary heart disease, osteoporotic risk factors, and physical fitness parameters in postmenopausal women. Forty early postmenopausal women (age 55.1 Ϯ 3.3 years) with no medication or illness affecting bone metabolism exercised (high impact aerobic, multilateral jumps, multi-set resistance exercise) for 50 months (EG), while 28 women (age 55.5 Ϯ 3.0 years) served as a nontraining control (CG). Both groups were supplemented with calcium and cholecalciferol. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood lipids were determined using serum samples, and body composition was determined using the bioimpedance technique. Further, maximum isometric strength was determined (Schnell M3, Schnell Trainer). The BMD at the lumbar spine (ϩ1.0%, p ϭ 0.037) and the total hip (Ϫ0.3%, p ϭ 0.194) were maintained in the EG, while significant (p Ͻ 0.001) decreases were observed in the CG (lumbar spine Ϫ3.2; total hip Ϫ2.3%). Differences between both groups were significant (p Ͻ 0.001). Significant differences between EG and CG were also observed, respectively, for total cholesterol (Ϫ6.1 vs. ϩ3.5%, p ϭ 0.008), HDL-cholesterol (ϩ14.1 vs. Ϫ7.1%, p ϭ 0.007), triglycerides (Ϫ10.2 vs. ϩ27.5%, p ϭ 0.002), body fat (Ϫ3.3 vs. ϩ1.3%, p ϭ 0.041), and waist-hip-ratio (Ϫ3.5 vs. ϩ0.2%, p Ͼ 0.001). Maximum isometric strength significantly (p Ͻ 0.001) increased in the EG, while strength parameters decreased in the CG (Ϫ0.5 to Ϫ6.4%). Thus, the study demonstrated that multipurpose high-intensity exercise programs significantly affect relevant menopausal risk factors and, therefore, may be individually considered as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005

Power training is more effective than strength training for maintaining bone mineral density in p... more Power training is more effective than strength training for maintaining bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Physical exercise has a favorable impact on bones, but optimum training strategies are still under discussion. In this study, we compared the effect of slow and fast resistance exercises on various osteodensitometric parameters. Fifty-three postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST) or a power training group (PT). Both groups carried out a progressive resistance training, a gymnastics session, and a home training over a period of 12 mo. During the resistance training, the ST group used slow and the PT group fast movements; otherwise there were no training differences. All subjects were supplemented with Ca and vitamin D. At baseline and after 12 mo, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also measured anthropometric data and maximum static strength. Frequency and grade of pain were assessed by questionnaire. After 12 mo, significant between-group differences were observed for BMD at the lumbar spine (P Ͻ 0.05) and the total hip (P Ͻ 0.05). Whereas the PT group maintained BMD at the spine (ϩ0.7 Ϯ 2.1%, not significant) and the total hip (0.0 Ϯ 1.7%, not significant), the ST group lost significantly at both sites (spine:

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003

It is an important aim in the prevention of osteoporosis to stop or decelerate bone loss during t... more It is an important aim in the prevention of osteoporosis to stop or decelerate bone loss during the early postmenopausal years. Here we report on results of the 3-year EFOPS exercise trial in osteopenic women. The exercise strategy emphasized low-volume highresistance strength training and high-impact aerobics. Forty-eight fully compliant women (55.1±3.3 years) with no medication or illness affecting bone metabolism participated in the exercise group (EG); 30 women (55.5±3.0 years) served as non-training controls (CG). At baseline there were no significant between-group differences with respect to physical fitness, bone mineral density, pain and nutritional status. The training consisted of two group training and two home training sessions per week. The study participants of both groups were individually supplemented with calcium and vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA at the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal forearm and by QCT at the lumbar spine. Speed of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation were determined at the calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Pain frequency and intensity at different skeletal sites were assessed via questionnaire. After 38 months, the following within-group changes were measured: DXA lumbar spine, EG: 0.8% n.s.; CG: )3.3% P <0.001; QCT trabecular ROI, EG: 1.1% n.s; CG: )7.7% P <0.001; QCT cortical ROI, EG: 5.3% P <0.001; CG: )2.6% P <0.001; DXA total hip: EG: )0.2% n.s; CG )1.9%, P <0.001; DXA distal forearm, EG: )2.8% P <0.001; CG: )3.8% P <0.001; BUA, EG: )0.3% n.s; CG )5.4% P <0.001; SOS, EG: 0.3% n.s; CG )1.0% P <0.001. At year 3 between-group differences relative to the exercise group were: DXA lumbar spine: 4.1% P <0.001; QCT trabecular ROI: 8.8% P <0.001; QCT cortical ROI: 7.9% P <0.001; DXA total hip: 2.1%, P <0.001; DXA distal forearm: 1.0% n.s.; BUA: 5.8% P <0.05; SOS: 1.3% P <0.001. Pain frequency and intensity in the spine significantly decreased in the exercise group and increased in the control group, while no between-group differences were detected in the main joints. In summary, over a period of 3 years our low-volume/high-intensity exercise program was successful to maintain bone mineral density at the spine, hip and calcaneus, but not at the forearm.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2004

British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007

Objectives: To investigate the effect of two different schemes of loading in resistance training ... more Objectives: To investigate the effect of two different schemes of loading in resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and pain in pretrained postmenopausal women. Methods: 53 pretrained women (mean (SD) age 58.2 (3.7) years) who carried out a mixed resistance and gymnastics programme were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST) or power training (PT) group. The difference between the two groups was the movement velocity during the resistance training (ST, 4 s (concentric)/4 s (eccentric); PT, explosive/4 s). Otherwise both groups carried out periodised progressive resistance training (10-12 exercises, 2-4 sets, 4-12 repetitions at 70-92.5% of the one-repetition maximum (2/week) for 2 years. Mechanical loading was determined with a force measuring plate during the leg press exercise. At baseline and after 2 years, BMD was measured at different sites with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Pain was assessed by questionnaire. Results: Loading magnitude, loading/unloading rate, loading amplitude and loading frequency differed significantly (p,0.001) between the two groups. After 2 years, significant between-group differences were detected for BMD (PT, 20.3%; ST, 22.4%; p,0.05) and bone area (PT, 0.4%; ST, 20.9%; p,0.05) at the lumbar spine. At the hip, there was a non-significant trend in favour of the PT group. Also the incidence of pain indicators at the lumbar spine was more favourable in the PT group. Conclusion: The results show that PT may be superior for maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, PT was safe as it did not lead to increased injury or pain.

Kemmler, W.K., D. Lauber, K. Engelke, and J. Weineck. Effects of single-vs. multiple-set resistan... more Kemmler, W.K., D. Lauber, K. Engelke, and J. Weineck. Effects of single-vs. multiple-set resistance training on maximum strength and body composition in trained postmenopausal women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(4): 000-000. 2004.-The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single-vs. a multiple-set resistance training protocol in well-trained early postmenopausal women. Subjects (N ϭ 71) were randomly assigned to begin either with 12 weeks of the single-set or 12 weeks of the multiple-set protocol. After another 5 weeks of regenerational resistance training, the subgroup performing the single-set protocol during the first 12 weeks crossed over to the 12-week multiple-set protocol and vice versa. Neither exercise type nor exercise intensity, degree of fatigue, rest periods, speed of movement, training sessions per week, compliance and attendance, or periodization strategy differed between exercise protocols. Body mass, body composition, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) values for leg press, bench press, rowing, and leg adduction were measured at baseline and after each period. Multipleset training resulted in significant increases (3.5-5.5%) for all 4 strength measurements, whereas single-set training resulted in significant decreases (Ϫ1.1 to Ϫ2.0%). Body mass and body composition did not change during the study. The results show that, in pretrained subjects, multiple-set protocols are superior to single-set protocols in increasing maximum strength.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2006

Kemmler, W.K., D. Lauber, A. Wasserman, and J.L. Mayhew. Predicting maximal strength in trained p... more Kemmler, W.K., D. Lauber, A. Wasserman, and J.L. Mayhew. Predicting maximal strength in trained postmenopausal women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(4):838-842. 2006.-The purpose of this study was to present an equation that accurately predicts 1 repetition maximum (RM) over a wide range of repetitions to fatigue (RTF) for 4 different machine resistance exercises in postmenopausal women. Seventy trained women (age ϭ 57.4 Ϯ 3.1 years) performed maximal and submaximal repetitions on leg press, bench press, rowing, and leg adduction machines at the conclusion of a 2-year training program. Maximal repetitions were performed on each exercise in the following ranges: 3-5RM, 6-10RM, 11-15RM, and 16-20RM. Special regard was taken to maintain the identical execution of each test (i.e., range of motion, starting angle, speed of movement). One cubic polynomial (w i [0.988-0.0000584 r i 3 ϩ 0.00190 r i 2 ϩ 0.0104 r i ,] where w i is the load of measurement I, and r i is the number of repetitions) accurately predicted 1RM from RTF with mean absolute differences between actual 1RM and predicted 1RM for the 4 exercises of 1.5-3.1% and with coefficients of variation of Ͻ3.3%. Equation accuracy was independent of the exercise type or the number of RTF. Thus, this study supported the validity of RTF to adequately estimate 1RM over a wide range of repetitions and within different exercises in trained, older female subjects.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise can prevent at least some of the ne... more Background: Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise can prevent at least some of the negative effects on health associated with early menopause. Here we determine the effects of intense exercise on physical fitness, bone mineral density (BMD), back pain, and blood lipids in early postmenopausal women.