Ashenafi Teshome Guta | Universität Bielefeld (original) (raw)
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Papers by Ashenafi Teshome Guta
This thesis attempts to investigates and analysis the link among the technological advancement, i... more This thesis attempts to investigates and analysis the link among the technological advancement, international trade and the labor market. It comprises three independent chapters of which the first two are empirical work and the third one is the theoretical work. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the general overview of the thesis and the main motivations. The second chapter "Job polarization in Developing countries; Evidence from Developing Countries" tive. Further analysis also show as the effect is positive, significant for the high and low skilled workers, and negative, significant for middle skilled workers, which is a confirmation for the evidence of job polarization discussed in chapter two. The fourth chapter "International trade and Equilibrium unemployment with heterogeneous firms and workers" attempts bridge two strands of economic literatures; International trade with heterogeneous firms (Melitz (2003)) and the frictional labor market (Pissarides (2000)). Thus, the model shows the interaction between the labor market and trade variables. We showed that the productivity cutoffs are directly affected by trade liberalization and further depends on the labor market tightness. The model also shows as the wage inequality between workers in the exporting and non-exporting sector increases due to trade liberalization.
Journal of Social and Economic Development
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims at investigating the impact of socioeconomic indicators on the levels of COVID-19 (confirmed and death cases) in sub-Saharan Africa. The investigation makes use of the readily accessible public data: we obtain COVID-19 data from Johns Hopkins and socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank. The socioeconomic indicators (independent variables) used in the multilinear regression were GDP per capita, gross national income per capita, life expectancy, population density (people per sq. km of land area), the population aged 65 and above, current health expenditure per capita and total population. The dependent variables used were the COVID-19 confirmed and death cases. Amongst the seven socioeconomic indicators, only 4 showed a statistically significant impact on COVID-19 cases: population density, gross national income per capita, population aged 65 and above and total population. The obtained R 2 of 69% and 63% indicated that the socioeconomic indicators captured and explained the variation of COVID-19 confirmed cases and COVID-19 death cases, respectively. The startling results obtained in this study were the negative but statistically significant relationship between COVID-19 deaths and population density and the positive and statistically significant relationship between gross national income per capita and COVID-19 cases (both confirmed and deaths). Both these results are at odds with literature investigating these indicators in Europe, China, India and the UK.
Agriculture & Food Security
The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the implementation of lockdowns and social distancing regulations... more The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the implementation of lockdowns and social distancing regulations to curb the spread of infections. Consequently, the lockdowns impeded the movement of smallholder farmers, agricultural inputs, and food products thereby disrupting the food supply chains in SSA. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between food security indicators (accessibility, availability, utilization, stability) and COVID-19. This study uses ordinary least square regression (OLS) models to study the relationship between the food security indicators and COVID-19. The study considers 9 out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal) due to data availability restrictions. The result of the analysis indicated that a rise in COVID-19 levels negatively impacts all the 4 indicators of food security without exception. This paper underscores the need to consider the disruptions of food security indicat...
Public Health in Practice, 2022
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims at investigating the impact of socioeconomic indicators on the levels of COVID-19 (confirmed and death cases) in sub-Saharan Africa. The investigation makes use of the readily accessible public data: we obtain COVID-19 data from Johns Hopkins and socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank. The socioeconomic indicators (independent variables) used in the multilinear regression were GDP per capita, gross national income per capita, life expectancy, population density (people per sq. km of land area), the population aged 65 and above, current health expenditure per capita and total population. The dependent variables used were the COVID-19 confirmed and death cases. Amongst the seven socioeconomic indicators, only 4 showed a statistically significant impact on COVID-19 cases: population density, gross national income per capita, population aged 65 and above and total population. The obtained R 2 of 69% and 63% indicated that the socioeconomic indicators captured and explained the variation of COVID-19 confirmed cases and COVID-19 death cases, respectively. The startling results obtained in this study were the negative but statistically significant relationship between COVID-19 deaths and population density and the positive and statistically significant relationship between gross national income per capita and COVID-19 cases (both confirmed and deaths). Both these results are at odds with literature investigating these indicators in Europe, China, India and the UK.
This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the link between technological advancement, inter... more This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the link between technological advancement, international trade, and the labor market. It comprises three independent chapters of which the first two are empirical work and the third one is the theoretical work. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the general overview of the thesis and the main motivations. The second chapter "Job polarization; Evidence from Developing Countries" attempts to investigate and present the evidence of job polarization in the case of the developing countries, using the Ethiopian labor force survey data. Job polarization, which the growth of the employment of both high skilled and low skilled workers at the expense of the middle-skilled once, is a widely discussed phenomenon in the case of advanced countries like for the US (see Autor et al. (2003) and others), for the UK (see Goos and Manning (2007) and Salvatore (2015)), for EU (Goos et al. (2009)) and others. However, there hardly exists ...
Public Health in Practice, 2022
This thesis attempts to investigates and analysis the link among the technological advancement, i... more This thesis attempts to investigates and analysis the link among the technological advancement, international trade and the labor market. It comprises three independent chapters of which the first two are empirical work and the third one is the theoretical work. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the general overview of the thesis and the main motivations. The second chapter "Job polarization in Developing countries; Evidence from Developing Countries" tive. Further analysis also show as the effect is positive, significant for the high and low skilled workers, and negative, significant for middle skilled workers, which is a confirmation for the evidence of job polarization discussed in chapter two. The fourth chapter "International trade and Equilibrium unemployment with heterogeneous firms and workers" attempts bridge two strands of economic literatures; International trade with heterogeneous firms (Melitz (2003)) and the frictional labor market (Pissarides (2000)). Thus, the model shows the interaction between the labor market and trade variables. We showed that the productivity cutoffs are directly affected by trade liberalization and further depends on the labor market tightness. The model also shows as the wage inequality between workers in the exporting and non-exporting sector increases due to trade liberalization.
Journal of Social and Economic Development
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims at investigating the impact of socioeconomic indicators on the levels of COVID-19 (confirmed and death cases) in sub-Saharan Africa. The investigation makes use of the readily accessible public data: we obtain COVID-19 data from Johns Hopkins and socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank. The socioeconomic indicators (independent variables) used in the multilinear regression were GDP per capita, gross national income per capita, life expectancy, population density (people per sq. km of land area), the population aged 65 and above, current health expenditure per capita and total population. The dependent variables used were the COVID-19 confirmed and death cases. Amongst the seven socioeconomic indicators, only 4 showed a statistically significant impact on COVID-19 cases: population density, gross national income per capita, population aged 65 and above and total population. The obtained R 2 of 69% and 63% indicated that the socioeconomic indicators captured and explained the variation of COVID-19 confirmed cases and COVID-19 death cases, respectively. The startling results obtained in this study were the negative but statistically significant relationship between COVID-19 deaths and population density and the positive and statistically significant relationship between gross national income per capita and COVID-19 cases (both confirmed and deaths). Both these results are at odds with literature investigating these indicators in Europe, China, India and the UK.
Agriculture & Food Security
The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the implementation of lockdowns and social distancing regulations... more The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the implementation of lockdowns and social distancing regulations to curb the spread of infections. Consequently, the lockdowns impeded the movement of smallholder farmers, agricultural inputs, and food products thereby disrupting the food supply chains in SSA. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between food security indicators (accessibility, availability, utilization, stability) and COVID-19. This study uses ordinary least square regression (OLS) models to study the relationship between the food security indicators and COVID-19. The study considers 9 out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal) due to data availability restrictions. The result of the analysis indicated that a rise in COVID-19 levels negatively impacts all the 4 indicators of food security without exception. This paper underscores the need to consider the disruptions of food security indicat...
Public Health in Practice, 2022
Journal of Social and Economic Development, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented social and economic crisis. This study aims at investigating the impact of socioeconomic indicators on the levels of COVID-19 (confirmed and death cases) in sub-Saharan Africa. The investigation makes use of the readily accessible public data: we obtain COVID-19 data from Johns Hopkins and socioeconomic indicators from the World Bank. The socioeconomic indicators (independent variables) used in the multilinear regression were GDP per capita, gross national income per capita, life expectancy, population density (people per sq. km of land area), the population aged 65 and above, current health expenditure per capita and total population. The dependent variables used were the COVID-19 confirmed and death cases. Amongst the seven socioeconomic indicators, only 4 showed a statistically significant impact on COVID-19 cases: population density, gross national income per capita, population aged 65 and above and total population. The obtained R 2 of 69% and 63% indicated that the socioeconomic indicators captured and explained the variation of COVID-19 confirmed cases and COVID-19 death cases, respectively. The startling results obtained in this study were the negative but statistically significant relationship between COVID-19 deaths and population density and the positive and statistically significant relationship between gross national income per capita and COVID-19 cases (both confirmed and deaths). Both these results are at odds with literature investigating these indicators in Europe, China, India and the UK.
This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the link between technological advancement, inter... more This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the link between technological advancement, international trade, and the labor market. It comprises three independent chapters of which the first two are empirical work and the third one is the theoretical work. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the general overview of the thesis and the main motivations. The second chapter "Job polarization; Evidence from Developing Countries" attempts to investigate and present the evidence of job polarization in the case of the developing countries, using the Ethiopian labor force survey data. Job polarization, which the growth of the employment of both high skilled and low skilled workers at the expense of the middle-skilled once, is a widely discussed phenomenon in the case of advanced countries like for the US (see Autor et al. (2003) and others), for the UK (see Goos and Manning (2007) and Salvatore (2015)), for EU (Goos et al. (2009)) and others. However, there hardly exists ...
Public Health in Practice, 2022