klaus schlichte | Universität Bremen (original) (raw)
Papers by klaus schlichte
Warfare Since the Second World War, 2018
Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict, 2018
... Nevertheless, this structural analysis based on social theory is not sufficient to answer the... more ... Nevertheless, this structural analysis based on social theory is not sufficient to answer the question ...Under the conditions of classical inter-state war the control of the national economy by ... During the Cold War period the supply of armament, foreign military advisers and financial ...
Von Staat zu Staatlichkeit, 2019
Schlichte K, Veit A. Drei Arenen. Warum Staatsbildung von außen so schwierig ist. In: Bonacker T,... more Schlichte K, Veit A. Drei Arenen. Warum Staatsbildung von außen so schwierig ist. In: Bonacker T, Daxner M, Free JH, Zürcher C, eds. Interventionskultur: Zur Soziologie von Interventionsgesellschaften. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2010
Global Society, 2021
Food policy is a predominantly overlooked vector of state formation in Africa. Comparing the traj... more Food policy is a predominantly overlooked vector of state formation in Africa. Comparing the trajectories of food policy in Senegal and Uganda, this article shows how internationally embedded food policies underpin state domination. It highlights three themesearly colonial food policies, the rise of organisational knowledge and the internationalisation of state domination through multilateral "assistance". This argument is based on field research in both countries and on official documents and secondary literature. Its theoretical orientation draws upon a historical sociology of the State, as opposed to the idea of the heroic nation-state or the State as a component of "global 'governance'". We claim that food policy is highly politicised and that its effects on the State deserve much more attention in International Relations (IR), on the one hand, and state theory on the other. To study politics around food, we argue, would help to globalise IR.
The Oxford Handbook of Governance and Limited Statehood, 2018
States outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) appear to displa... more States outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) appear to display ‘limited statehood’ when measured against an idealized image of statehood. This general statement, however, conceals multiple dynamics of state domination. Discussions about these dynamics have been centred around concepts like neopatrimonialism, the developmental state, and post-socialism. There are now two main tendencies regarding how states currently change: either they revive as developmental states, or they become increasingly internationalized sites of rule, which can be labelled internationalized states. Various kinds of agencies are then involved in politics, but it might be a euphemism to label all of this ‘governance’, since these complex changes are full of contradictions and power competition.
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 2016
European Journal of Sociology, 2017
The paper explores governmental perceptions and reactions to “social questions” in British coloni... more The paper explores governmental perceptions and reactions to “social questions” in British colonial Africa, c. 1880-1950. By comparing three different political entities, Egypt, South Africa and Uganda, we find that authorities across cases have been acutely aware of potentially destabilising social change. Some social problems actually resulted from colonial projects themselves, giving rise to rather contradictory interpretations and policies. However, the intensity of political reactions to social questions varied widely, ranging from a largely passive approach in Egypt to the introduction of modern welfare in South Africa. We argue that perceptions and responses to social dislocation had a long-term impact on patterns of state formation and social policy development.
Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 2016
Political science has only marginally worked on the most recent dynamics of war development in th... more Political science has only marginally worked on the most recent dynamics of war development in the Middle East and on the African continent. This article suggests an interpretation, based on the "Hamburg approach" to the study of war, which focuses on conflictive modernization processes and institutional legitimacy deficits. Whilst form and incumbency of state domination are at the center of these violent conflicts, their most visible product of the laboratories of multilateral intervention is rather an internationalization of political domination than what liberal approaches label as "global governance". In order to grasp these changes, political science has to rethink the sociology of the state and to rediscover political violence as a subject of research and theory.
Die Organisierte Welt Internationale Beziehungen Und Organisationsforschung, 2009
Law & Society Review, 2015
Policing Insurgencies: Cops as Counterinsurgents. By Christine S. Fair and Sumit Ganguly (eds.). ... more Policing Insurgencies: Cops as Counterinsurgents. By Christine S. Fair and Sumit Ganguly (eds.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 362 pp. cloth. Policing is a concept that has only recently attracted the attention in the debate on counter-insurgency (COIN). For a long time, COIN was seen as a purely military affair, clearly with a political dimension, but conceived and discussed as a strategy that would concern military personnel and civil administration. This volume is one of the few that addresses the role of police forces in cases of counter-insurgencies, mostly in South and Southeast Asia but includes case studies on Kenya, Colombia, Iraq, and Northern Ireland. It addresses two predominant assertions on the role of police forces in counter-insurgency campaigns. The first sees police as part of the problem as its repressive practices fuel rebellion instead of offering security. The second see police forces as a core component of a successful COIN. As David P. Fidler in his succinct summarizing contribution points out, this volume really goes beyond this dichotomy and adds to our knowledge on the actual dynamics of situations in which police forces are part of rebellions or outright civil wars.The balance sheet of the 10 case studies in this book shows a very mixed result. Contributions of police forces for the success of COIN operations were at times really important as Kumar Ramakrishna shows for the case of what is perhaps a bit euphemistically called "the Malayan emergency," a rebellion of leftist peasants between 1948 and 1960. The "emergency" was an outright guerilla war and cost around 10,000 lives, mostly of rebels who had fought against British colonial rule. Walter C. Ladwig III's article on a rebellion in the Philippines (1946-1954) also only marginally addresses the political agenda of the Hukbalahap rebels who fought against foreign rule and feudal domination. Such a depoliticized account might look justified when the analysis of police work is the real topic of investigation. However, one might wonder whether police work is actually as apolitical as some contributions present it. According to the authors, both cases show that committed leadership, a professionalization of the force, and an institutionalized responsibility toward the civilian population as well as an end of indiscriminate violence at least enhances the acceptance of the police and renders it seemingly more efficient in fighting a rebellion instead of just fuelling violent escalation. Other cases, like the attempt of the British to quell the Mao-Mao rebellion in colonial Kenya (1952-1960) or (1952-1960) or the violence in Northern Ireland are examples, however, that there is no magic formula that works under any circumstances.Jugdep S. Chima shows in his contribution on the Sikh rebellion in India's Punjab that even if all the conditions mentioned above like committed leadership, sufficient support, and institutionalized responsibility within police forces are met, success still depends on another variable that is beyond the police forces' control: the political constellation under which police reform is done. The rebellion in Punjab dried out in the 1990s as the participation of grass-root organizations and the inclusion of local power holders eased the situation.A similar mechanism, although with a different result, seems to be at work in Afghanistan after 2001, as Austin Long argues in his contribution. …
Civil Wars, 2015
This article serves as an introduction to a special section on the question of the legitimacy of ... more This article serves as an introduction to a special section on the question of the legitimacy of non-state armed groups. Starting with a short discussion of the literature on armed groups as political actors, the authors emphasize the importance of the often-underestimated dimension of legitimacy. After having conceptualized legitimacy in more detail, the article addresses three key challenges armed groups usually face regarding the politics of legitimacy: first, they need to legitimize the use of violent means; second, for moral and material support, they depend on beliefs of legitimacy; and third, they need to simultaneously address various domestic and international audiences. Finally, the authors highlight a number of pending questions for further research on armed groups.
Polit Vierteljahresschr, 2006
Zeitschrift Fur Internationale Be Ziehungen, 2000
Wilke B, Schlichte K. Der Staat und einige seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitschrift für internationale Be... more Wilke B, Schlichte K. Der Staat und einige seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitschrift für internationale Beziehungen. 2000;7(3):359-384
Burgerkriege Aus Kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive Grenzstabilisierung Grenzuberschreitung Entgrenzung, 2010
Between Development and Destruction, 1996
In 1994, there was a depressing number of ongoing wars and armed conflicts being waged in the wor... more In 1994, there was a depressing number of ongoing wars and armed conflicts being waged in the world: 43 wars and 18 other major armed conflicts just below the threshold of war. Since the end of the Second World War, the world has experienced only two weeks, in September 1945, without the plagues of war. Since then, the number of wars and major armed conflicts has been steadily increasing.
Warfare Since the Second World War, 2018
Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict, 2018
... Nevertheless, this structural analysis based on social theory is not sufficient to answer the... more ... Nevertheless, this structural analysis based on social theory is not sufficient to answer the question ...Under the conditions of classical inter-state war the control of the national economy by ... During the Cold War period the supply of armament, foreign military advisers and financial ...
Von Staat zu Staatlichkeit, 2019
Schlichte K, Veit A. Drei Arenen. Warum Staatsbildung von außen so schwierig ist. In: Bonacker T,... more Schlichte K, Veit A. Drei Arenen. Warum Staatsbildung von außen so schwierig ist. In: Bonacker T, Daxner M, Free JH, Zürcher C, eds. Interventionskultur: Zur Soziologie von Interventionsgesellschaften. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2010
Global Society, 2021
Food policy is a predominantly overlooked vector of state formation in Africa. Comparing the traj... more Food policy is a predominantly overlooked vector of state formation in Africa. Comparing the trajectories of food policy in Senegal and Uganda, this article shows how internationally embedded food policies underpin state domination. It highlights three themesearly colonial food policies, the rise of organisational knowledge and the internationalisation of state domination through multilateral "assistance". This argument is based on field research in both countries and on official documents and secondary literature. Its theoretical orientation draws upon a historical sociology of the State, as opposed to the idea of the heroic nation-state or the State as a component of "global 'governance'". We claim that food policy is highly politicised and that its effects on the State deserve much more attention in International Relations (IR), on the one hand, and state theory on the other. To study politics around food, we argue, would help to globalise IR.
The Oxford Handbook of Governance and Limited Statehood, 2018
States outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) appear to displa... more States outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) appear to display ‘limited statehood’ when measured against an idealized image of statehood. This general statement, however, conceals multiple dynamics of state domination. Discussions about these dynamics have been centred around concepts like neopatrimonialism, the developmental state, and post-socialism. There are now two main tendencies regarding how states currently change: either they revive as developmental states, or they become increasingly internationalized sites of rule, which can be labelled internationalized states. Various kinds of agencies are then involved in politics, but it might be a euphemism to label all of this ‘governance’, since these complex changes are full of contradictions and power competition.
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 2016
European Journal of Sociology, 2017
The paper explores governmental perceptions and reactions to “social questions” in British coloni... more The paper explores governmental perceptions and reactions to “social questions” in British colonial Africa, c. 1880-1950. By comparing three different political entities, Egypt, South Africa and Uganda, we find that authorities across cases have been acutely aware of potentially destabilising social change. Some social problems actually resulted from colonial projects themselves, giving rise to rather contradictory interpretations and policies. However, the intensity of political reactions to social questions varied widely, ranging from a largely passive approach in Egypt to the introduction of modern welfare in South Africa. We argue that perceptions and responses to social dislocation had a long-term impact on patterns of state formation and social policy development.
Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 2016
Political science has only marginally worked on the most recent dynamics of war development in th... more Political science has only marginally worked on the most recent dynamics of war development in the Middle East and on the African continent. This article suggests an interpretation, based on the "Hamburg approach" to the study of war, which focuses on conflictive modernization processes and institutional legitimacy deficits. Whilst form and incumbency of state domination are at the center of these violent conflicts, their most visible product of the laboratories of multilateral intervention is rather an internationalization of political domination than what liberal approaches label as "global governance". In order to grasp these changes, political science has to rethink the sociology of the state and to rediscover political violence as a subject of research and theory.
Die Organisierte Welt Internationale Beziehungen Und Organisationsforschung, 2009
Law & Society Review, 2015
Policing Insurgencies: Cops as Counterinsurgents. By Christine S. Fair and Sumit Ganguly (eds.). ... more Policing Insurgencies: Cops as Counterinsurgents. By Christine S. Fair and Sumit Ganguly (eds.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 362 pp. cloth. Policing is a concept that has only recently attracted the attention in the debate on counter-insurgency (COIN). For a long time, COIN was seen as a purely military affair, clearly with a political dimension, but conceived and discussed as a strategy that would concern military personnel and civil administration. This volume is one of the few that addresses the role of police forces in cases of counter-insurgencies, mostly in South and Southeast Asia but includes case studies on Kenya, Colombia, Iraq, and Northern Ireland. It addresses two predominant assertions on the role of police forces in counter-insurgency campaigns. The first sees police as part of the problem as its repressive practices fuel rebellion instead of offering security. The second see police forces as a core component of a successful COIN. As David P. Fidler in his succinct summarizing contribution points out, this volume really goes beyond this dichotomy and adds to our knowledge on the actual dynamics of situations in which police forces are part of rebellions or outright civil wars.The balance sheet of the 10 case studies in this book shows a very mixed result. Contributions of police forces for the success of COIN operations were at times really important as Kumar Ramakrishna shows for the case of what is perhaps a bit euphemistically called "the Malayan emergency," a rebellion of leftist peasants between 1948 and 1960. The "emergency" was an outright guerilla war and cost around 10,000 lives, mostly of rebels who had fought against British colonial rule. Walter C. Ladwig III's article on a rebellion in the Philippines (1946-1954) also only marginally addresses the political agenda of the Hukbalahap rebels who fought against foreign rule and feudal domination. Such a depoliticized account might look justified when the analysis of police work is the real topic of investigation. However, one might wonder whether police work is actually as apolitical as some contributions present it. According to the authors, both cases show that committed leadership, a professionalization of the force, and an institutionalized responsibility toward the civilian population as well as an end of indiscriminate violence at least enhances the acceptance of the police and renders it seemingly more efficient in fighting a rebellion instead of just fuelling violent escalation. Other cases, like the attempt of the British to quell the Mao-Mao rebellion in colonial Kenya (1952-1960) or (1952-1960) or the violence in Northern Ireland are examples, however, that there is no magic formula that works under any circumstances.Jugdep S. Chima shows in his contribution on the Sikh rebellion in India's Punjab that even if all the conditions mentioned above like committed leadership, sufficient support, and institutionalized responsibility within police forces are met, success still depends on another variable that is beyond the police forces' control: the political constellation under which police reform is done. The rebellion in Punjab dried out in the 1990s as the participation of grass-root organizations and the inclusion of local power holders eased the situation.A similar mechanism, although with a different result, seems to be at work in Afghanistan after 2001, as Austin Long argues in his contribution. …
Civil Wars, 2015
This article serves as an introduction to a special section on the question of the legitimacy of ... more This article serves as an introduction to a special section on the question of the legitimacy of non-state armed groups. Starting with a short discussion of the literature on armed groups as political actors, the authors emphasize the importance of the often-underestimated dimension of legitimacy. After having conceptualized legitimacy in more detail, the article addresses three key challenges armed groups usually face regarding the politics of legitimacy: first, they need to legitimize the use of violent means; second, for moral and material support, they depend on beliefs of legitimacy; and third, they need to simultaneously address various domestic and international audiences. Finally, the authors highlight a number of pending questions for further research on armed groups.
Polit Vierteljahresschr, 2006
Zeitschrift Fur Internationale Be Ziehungen, 2000
Wilke B, Schlichte K. Der Staat und einige seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitschrift für internationale Be... more Wilke B, Schlichte K. Der Staat und einige seiner Zeitgenossen. Zeitschrift für internationale Beziehungen. 2000;7(3):359-384
Burgerkriege Aus Kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive Grenzstabilisierung Grenzuberschreitung Entgrenzung, 2010
Between Development and Destruction, 1996
In 1994, there was a depressing number of ongoing wars and armed conflicts being waged in the wor... more In 1994, there was a depressing number of ongoing wars and armed conflicts being waged in the world: 43 wars and 18 other major armed conflicts just below the threshold of war. Since the end of the Second World War, the world has experienced only two weeks, in September 1945, without the plagues of war. Since then, the number of wars and major armed conflicts has been steadily increasing.