Isaias Rivera | Corvinus University of Budapest (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Isaias Rivera
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Jan 14, 2016
This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global ... more This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underlie gac is necessary. It is important to assert that, “the gac ethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied to gac. It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which has been to repair unethical business behavior.
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2012
Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different hist... more Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different historical phases. Three of these historical phases are considered in this document. The first two, Stoic cosmopolitanism (SC) and Kantian cosmopolitanism (KC) are primarily philosophical. The third, global age cosmopolitanism (GAC), is primarily socioeconomic and political, although it includes philosophical elements. Throughout this paper, the theoretical principles concerned with GAC will be discussed, however, it is important to first review its historical roots in SC and KC. The analysis also considers the relation of GAC to business ethics practice and business ethics education. Cosmopolitanism in the global age is different from the Stoic and Kantian cosmopolitanisms that have been endorsed by history. Although early business ethics literature and practice implied a lax or limited cosmopolitanism, today they must account for global institutions and rules that did not exist even 50 years ago, but which now regulate the international economy.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Feb 11, 2022
Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term ‘revolution’ in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2009
Most Latin American countries, if not all, have struggled with issues of national consciousness, ... more Most Latin American countries, if not all, have struggled with issues of national consciousness, identity formation within unifying political systems where some countries have struggled more than others in fostering one common goal: national identity or nacionalidad. Can one speak about a Latin-American identity? Are there Latin-American uniformities that identify its people other than language? Th is chapter compares the Mexican and Peruvian national identities.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Oct 10, 2016
The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the vie... more The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the view of some contemporary philosophers is a well-matched response to present circumstances. Given that the fact of pluralism is among the salient features of these circumstances, how does contemporary thinking on cosmopolitanism suggest that we resolve the ethical dilemmas that cultural differences presents? As early as 308bc the Stoics taught on the use of reason and autonomy in the individual. Self control was believed to be a method to achieve virtue, wisdom, and unbiased character. The Stoics believed in the development of clear judgment through logic and experience.
Encyclopedia of Global Studies, Oct 5, 2012
Industrialization transformed the global economy in the 18th century, but its ramifications exten... more Industrialization transformed the global economy in the 18th century, but its ramifications extend beyond economic change. Industrialization as a global phe- nomenon was also a process of defining conceptions of the world and society that were promoted through new ideas related to scientific progress, pushing the individual in society to question conventional knowledge. It is common to associate the process of industrialization as a synonym of progress, both in the economic and in the political aspect.
I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible, starting with all my... more I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible, starting with all my professors in the School of Education and Philosophy Department at Loyola University Chicago: Dr. Thomas Wren who constantly pressed for adequate academic results and for always being there in times of despair. Dr. Robert Roemer, you said to me in regards to the proposal, "this is an idea that definitely endorses Jesuit principles," I am deeply convinced that it does, thank you. I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Noah Sobe for his intellectual observations, for his strict and demanding vision, which pushed me towards self and academic discipline. Thank you for sticking with me throughout this very long and arduous process. I would also like to thank Tecnologico de Monterrey for providing me with the opportunity to be a part of Loyola University Chicago. Thank you Campus Juarez and Campus Chihuahua for all the economic support provided throughout these years. My dear friend and mentor Alberto Araujo, thank you for your patience and for always believing in me, and my work. Professor David Noel, thank you for your support. Tonatiuh Najera, thank you for bringing me on board.
Albuquerque Journal, 2020
Audio
Revista de estudios socioeducativos RESED, 2020
El objetivo del siguiente artículo es evidenciar la situación académica que actualmente viven los... more El objetivo del siguiente artículo es evidenciar la situación académica que actualmente viven los niños, niñas y adolescentes en situaciones vulnerables, que son referidos a instituciones de protección y cuidado en México. Se aplicó una prueba piloto en una primaria de Chihuahua para analizar la viabilidad de un instrumento sobre desempeño en matemáticas. Los participantes provienen tanto de familias como de casa hogar. Aunque los resultados no permitieron determinar si el instrumento es viable, se encontró que las condiciones en las que se desenvuelven los estudiantes no son óptimas para su desarrollo, mostrando además un desempeño académico bajo. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de establecer acciones enfocadas a mejorar la evaluación de los centros de protección y cuidado, así como la
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2022
Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term ‘revolution’ in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2016
The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the vie... more The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the view of some contemporary philosophers is a well-matched response to present circumstances. Given that the fact of pluralism is among the salient features of these circumstances, how does contemporary thinking on cosmopolitanism suggest that we resolve the ethical dilemmas that cultural differences presents? As early as 308bc the Stoics taught on the use of reason and autonomy in the individual. Self control was believed to be a method to achieve virtue, wisdom, and unbiased character. The Stoics believed in the development of clear judgment through logic and experience.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2016
This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global ... more This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underlie gac is necessary. It is important to assert that, “the gac ethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied to gac. It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which ha...
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2012
Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different hist... more Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different historical phases. Three of these historical phases are considered in this document. The first two, Stoic cosmopolitanism (SC) and Kantian cosmopolitanism (KC) are primarily philosophical. The third, global age cosmopolitanism (GAC), is primarily socioeconomic and political, although it includes philosophical elements. Throughout this paper, the theoretical principles concerned with GAC will be discussed, however, it is important to first review its historical roots in SC and KC. The analysis also considers the relation of GAC to business ethics practice and business ethics education. Cosmopolitanism in the global age is different from the Stoic and Kantian cosmopolitanisms that have been endorsed by history. Although early business ethics literature and practice implied a lax or limited cosmopolitanism, today they must account for global institutions and rules that did not exist even 50 years ago, but which now regulate the international economy.
https://voegelinview.com/i-do-not-sell-education-reflections-of-a-university-professor/
Athens Journal of Humanities and Arts, 2017
A Teacher and Students Perspective on the War in Ukraine, 2022
A story about one student from Ukraine, but the story of all Ukrainians. "None of the people invo... more A story about one student from Ukraine, but the story of all Ukrainians.
"None of the people involved in the discussion imagined that a full-scale invasion from the Russian government would be directed in such a brutal way against the Ukrainian people just three months later. After our discussion a student from one of my classes who is from Ukraine wrote me an email...
https://voegelinview.com/a-teacher-and-students-perspective-on-the-war-in-ukraine/
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives: Mexico, 2015
Mexico officially became an independent country in 1821, making it a relatively young country. Ho... more Mexico officially became an independent country in 1821, making it a relatively young country. However, the Aztec Empire can be traced back to 1428, when they consumed octli, now commonly known as pulque, an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented sap of the maguey cactus. Back in the period of Mesoamerica, it was exclusively for certain classes of people. However, the popularity of this drink has had a significant decline. It is estimated that pulque only represents 10 percent of all alcohol consumption in Mexico today. Some other traditional drinks used during pre-Columbian America were balché, used by the Mayans; tepache, fermented pineapple; and tejuino, which was maize based. Furthermore, indigenous people for centuries have used alcohol for religious purposes. Tarahumaras in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua use tesguino, a harsh beer-tasting drink, for highly spiritual rituals. The use of this drink allows the individual to be liberated from the “large souls” of the body, and the inebriation process allows for the “little souls” to flourish, giving way to childish and joyous behavior.
Education, Health Care, and Poverty in Cuba, 2022
Cuba's economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba's economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term 'revolution' in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at L... more This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible,
Kant's Influence on World Peace and UNESCO's Role on World Education: A Brief Mexican Example, 2015
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Jan 14, 2016
This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global ... more This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underlie gac is necessary. It is important to assert that, “the gac ethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied to gac. It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which has been to repair unethical business behavior.
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2012
Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different hist... more Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different historical phases. Three of these historical phases are considered in this document. The first two, Stoic cosmopolitanism (SC) and Kantian cosmopolitanism (KC) are primarily philosophical. The third, global age cosmopolitanism (GAC), is primarily socioeconomic and political, although it includes philosophical elements. Throughout this paper, the theoretical principles concerned with GAC will be discussed, however, it is important to first review its historical roots in SC and KC. The analysis also considers the relation of GAC to business ethics practice and business ethics education. Cosmopolitanism in the global age is different from the Stoic and Kantian cosmopolitanisms that have been endorsed by history. Although early business ethics literature and practice implied a lax or limited cosmopolitanism, today they must account for global institutions and rules that did not exist even 50 years ago, but which now regulate the international economy.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Feb 11, 2022
Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term ‘revolution’ in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2009
Most Latin American countries, if not all, have struggled with issues of national consciousness, ... more Most Latin American countries, if not all, have struggled with issues of national consciousness, identity formation within unifying political systems where some countries have struggled more than others in fostering one common goal: national identity or nacionalidad. Can one speak about a Latin-American identity? Are there Latin-American uniformities that identify its people other than language? Th is chapter compares the Mexican and Peruvian national identities.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Oct 10, 2016
The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the vie... more The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the view of some contemporary philosophers is a well-matched response to present circumstances. Given that the fact of pluralism is among the salient features of these circumstances, how does contemporary thinking on cosmopolitanism suggest that we resolve the ethical dilemmas that cultural differences presents? As early as 308bc the Stoics taught on the use of reason and autonomy in the individual. Self control was believed to be a method to achieve virtue, wisdom, and unbiased character. The Stoics believed in the development of clear judgment through logic and experience.
Encyclopedia of Global Studies, Oct 5, 2012
Industrialization transformed the global economy in the 18th century, but its ramifications exten... more Industrialization transformed the global economy in the 18th century, but its ramifications extend beyond economic change. Industrialization as a global phe- nomenon was also a process of defining conceptions of the world and society that were promoted through new ideas related to scientific progress, pushing the individual in society to question conventional knowledge. It is common to associate the process of industrialization as a synonym of progress, both in the economic and in the political aspect.
I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible, starting with all my... more I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible, starting with all my professors in the School of Education and Philosophy Department at Loyola University Chicago: Dr. Thomas Wren who constantly pressed for adequate academic results and for always being there in times of despair. Dr. Robert Roemer, you said to me in regards to the proposal, "this is an idea that definitely endorses Jesuit principles," I am deeply convinced that it does, thank you. I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Noah Sobe for his intellectual observations, for his strict and demanding vision, which pushed me towards self and academic discipline. Thank you for sticking with me throughout this very long and arduous process. I would also like to thank Tecnologico de Monterrey for providing me with the opportunity to be a part of Loyola University Chicago. Thank you Campus Juarez and Campus Chihuahua for all the economic support provided throughout these years. My dear friend and mentor Alberto Araujo, thank you for your patience and for always believing in me, and my work. Professor David Noel, thank you for your support. Tonatiuh Najera, thank you for bringing me on board.
Albuquerque Journal, 2020
Audio
Revista de estudios socioeducativos RESED, 2020
El objetivo del siguiente artículo es evidenciar la situación académica que actualmente viven los... more El objetivo del siguiente artículo es evidenciar la situación académica que actualmente viven los niños, niñas y adolescentes en situaciones vulnerables, que son referidos a instituciones de protección y cuidado en México. Se aplicó una prueba piloto en una primaria de Chihuahua para analizar la viabilidad de un instrumento sobre desempeño en matemáticas. Los participantes provienen tanto de familias como de casa hogar. Aunque los resultados no permitieron determinar si el instrumento es viable, se encontró que las condiciones en las que se desenvuelven los estudiantes no son óptimas para su desarrollo, mostrando además un desempeño académico bajo. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de establecer acciones enfocadas a mejorar la evaluación de los centros de protección y cuidado, así como la
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2022
Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term ‘revolution’ in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2016
The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the vie... more The word “cosmopolitanism” is often used to describe a form of civic universalism that in the view of some contemporary philosophers is a well-matched response to present circumstances. Given that the fact of pluralism is among the salient features of these circumstances, how does contemporary thinking on cosmopolitanism suggest that we resolve the ethical dilemmas that cultural differences presents? As early as 308bc the Stoics taught on the use of reason and autonomy in the individual. Self control was believed to be a method to achieve virtue, wisdom, and unbiased character. The Stoics believed in the development of clear judgment through logic and experience.
Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2016
This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global ... more This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underlie gac is necessary. It is important to assert that, “the gac ethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied to gac. It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which ha...
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2012
Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different hist... more Cosmopolitanism suggests world citizenship, an idea that developed through several different historical phases. Three of these historical phases are considered in this document. The first two, Stoic cosmopolitanism (SC) and Kantian cosmopolitanism (KC) are primarily philosophical. The third, global age cosmopolitanism (GAC), is primarily socioeconomic and political, although it includes philosophical elements. Throughout this paper, the theoretical principles concerned with GAC will be discussed, however, it is important to first review its historical roots in SC and KC. The analysis also considers the relation of GAC to business ethics practice and business ethics education. Cosmopolitanism in the global age is different from the Stoic and Kantian cosmopolitanisms that have been endorsed by history. Although early business ethics literature and practice implied a lax or limited cosmopolitanism, today they must account for global institutions and rules that did not exist even 50 years ago, but which now regulate the international economy.
https://voegelinview.com/i-do-not-sell-education-reflections-of-a-university-professor/
Athens Journal of Humanities and Arts, 2017
A Teacher and Students Perspective on the War in Ukraine, 2022
A story about one student from Ukraine, but the story of all Ukrainians. "None of the people invo... more A story about one student from Ukraine, but the story of all Ukrainians.
"None of the people involved in the discussion imagined that a full-scale invasion from the Russian government would be directed in such a brutal way against the Ukrainian people just three months later. After our discussion a student from one of my classes who is from Ukraine wrote me an email...
https://voegelinview.com/a-teacher-and-students-perspective-on-the-war-in-ukraine/
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives: Mexico, 2015
Mexico officially became an independent country in 1821, making it a relatively young country. Ho... more Mexico officially became an independent country in 1821, making it a relatively young country. However, the Aztec Empire can be traced back to 1428, when they consumed octli, now commonly known as pulque, an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented sap of the maguey cactus. Back in the period of Mesoamerica, it was exclusively for certain classes of people. However, the popularity of this drink has had a significant decline. It is estimated that pulque only represents 10 percent of all alcohol consumption in Mexico today. Some other traditional drinks used during pre-Columbian America were balché, used by the Mayans; tepache, fermented pineapple; and tejuino, which was maize based. Furthermore, indigenous people for centuries have used alcohol for religious purposes. Tarahumaras in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua use tesguino, a harsh beer-tasting drink, for highly spiritual rituals. The use of this drink allows the individual to be liberated from the “large souls” of the body, and the inebriation process allows for the “little souls” to flourish, giving way to childish and joyous behavior.
Education, Health Care, and Poverty in Cuba, 2022
Cuba's economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered t... more Cuba's economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term 'revolution' in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at L... more This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all of the people who made this dissertation possible,
Kant's Influence on World Peace and UNESCO's Role on World Education: A Brief Mexican Example, 2015
Algunas Aportaciones Psicológicas y Sociológicas a la Educación, 2019
Este libro constituye una línea de continuidad en el pensamiento que asumimos acerca de lo educat... more Este libro constituye una línea de continuidad en el pensamiento que asumimos acerca de lo educativo y que mencionamos en el volumen II. En este sentido retomamos dos ideas básicas del prefacio de ese volumen.
Caso asaltante de “combi”, receta para el desastre, 2020
| Viernes 14 de agosto de 2020 | Local 5 piza brutal contra del presunto asaltante. No es mi inte... more | Viernes 14 de agosto de 2020 | Local 5 piza brutal contra del presunto asaltante. No es mi intención se-ñalar quién está bien ni quién está mal, porque lo que quiero comu-nicar es que todo está mal en el escenario que hemos visto ya miles de usuarios de las redes socia-les. Voy a tomar pautas para ana-lizar el evento y describir cómo este video es un vivo reflejo de lo que México ha vivido durante ya muchos años. Primero, podemos preguntar ¿por qué el asaltante asalta? No hay justificación, mas esta acción es algo que muchos mexicanos ya llaman normal. Los amigos de lo ajeno, por otro lado, no se encuentran sólo a nivel de piso y de vida común, como lo es el caso que se aborda en este tex-to. La sustracción ilegítima de lo que no es propio, se dan en todos los niveles de la vida nacional: en muchas transacciones guberna-mentales, empresariales y socia-les hay robos en México. Para mí el individuo de camisa blanca en la combi es similar a miles y miles de mexicanos que roban sin ser captados en cámara. Segundo, quiero hablar de la reacción de los pasajeros y lo que más llama la atención es la tremenda ira que ellos manifiestan. Pero, haré hin-capié en una frase que uno de los pasajeros menciona varias veces: "para que veas lo que sentimos nosotros". Esta frase me conmue-ve, porque es el grito de todos los mexicanos a lo largo del país. Es una declaración de ira, es un re-clamo de impotencia, no sólo en contra del ladrón, sino del sistema político, social, económico que-brantado de México. En este video , México debe de ver cómo ca-da persona se ve ante un espejo. Lo que ves frente a un espejo es lo que hay, no existe más, es el verse a los ojos y aceptar la realidad. El jesuita Helder Cámara escribió un libro de nombre Espiral de violencia, donde declaró que la violencia atrae más violencia. En su texto, Cámara afirmó: "Si hu-biera algún rincón del mundo que hubiese permanecido en paz, pe-ro una basada en las injusticias, la paz de un pantano con materia podrida fermentando en sus pro-fundidades, podemos estar segu-ros de que esa paz es falsa". Mi intención es aplicar el contenido filosófico de esta cita al contexto de la golpiza propinada por algu-nos pasajeros del transporte pú-blico en la carretera México-Tex-coco a quien, por lo observado en el video, podría ser entendido co-mo un asaltante. Hasta el mo-mento previo a la entrada en es-cena del presunto asaltante, los pasajeros, viajaban de manera pacífica en el transporte público. Súbitamente, la cámara al interior del vehículo muestra cómo dos sujetos gritando en repetidas ocasiones la frase "¡Ya se la sa-ben!", aborda el vehículo un indi-viduo y demanda, con un objeto que parece ser un arma en la ma-no, las pertenencias de los pasa-jeros. Uno de los presuntos asal-tantes logra salir de la escena, mientras que quien ascendió al vehículo es impedido por los pa-sajeros al momento de intentar abandonarlo. Las escenas que continúan en la toma, junto con su desenlace, muestran una gol-Son cinco necesidades bási-cas que cada persona debe sa-tisfacer para ser un ser humano digno. 1. Vivienda, 2. Educación, 3. Vestimenta 4. Comida, y 5. Salud. De acuerdo con las cifras del Banco Mundial, en México, más de 53% de la población es económicamente pobre; vivien-do con menos de 2 dólares al día. También, cabe recalcar que en este año de 2020, según la revis-ta Forbes, 12 familias mexicanas permanecen dentro de la lista de los 100 más ricos del mundo y un solo mexicano genera más del 11% del PIB nacional. No soy an-tiempresario, pero sí me declaro un opositor a la desigualdad económica. Cabe preguntarse, ¿cuál es el problema del asaltante de la combi? Lo que sucede es que estas imágenes reflejan una es-tructura de desigualdad políti-ca, social, económica, educativa que se ha estado gestando des-de hace muchos años en Méxi-co. La ira de los 6 pasajeros es la ira escondida de millones de mexicanos, y el abuso del asal-tante refleja las acciones de mucha gente que contribuye al robo y corrupción del país. Aquí no hay inocentes, y sí muchos culpables. Volviendo a las pala-bras de Helder Cámara, lo que hay es un pantano lleno de per-sonas frustradas que son pro-ducto de la falta de justicia legal , justicia económica, justicia social y un caos de país que no es producto reciente, sino de re-cetas históricas que los mexica-nos hemos seguido al pie de la letra para lograr el platillo que ahora tenemos.
Isaías R. Rivera PhD Associate professor, Corvinus University cartas a la directora
https://www.pressreader.com/mexico/el-heraldo-de-chihuahua/20200814/282445646416237