Dr. habil. phil. Dr. theol. Eberhard Schnebel | Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (original) (raw)

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Papers by Dr. habil. phil. Dr. theol. Eberhard Schnebel

Research Papers in Economics, 2016

Am Kulminationspunkt zwischen einer strukturellen Ordnungsethik, die vorrangig die “Spielregeln” ... more Am Kulminationspunkt zwischen einer strukturellen Ordnungsethik, die vorrangig die “Spielregeln” gestaltet (vgl. von Broock, 2012, S. 32f; Homann 2014), und einer Handlungsmoral auf der Ebene der “Spielzuge”, die sich vorrangig an den individuellen Haltungen und Tugenden orientiert (vgl. Nida-Rumelin 2011a; 2011b), werden soziale Elemente sichtbar, die in einer Wirtschaftsethik als Restriktionen berucksichtigt werden mussen: Situationsabhangige, individuelle Praferenzen, die von verschiedenen Kommunikationssystemen abhangig sind, innerhalb derer die Akteure konkret agieren.

Handeln in Organisationen betrachten wir als individuelles Handeln, das sich uber die Rationalita... more Handeln in Organisationen betrachten wir als individuelles Handeln, das sich uber die Rationalitat von Routinen und abgegrenzten Kontexten effektiver ausgestaltet, als wenn sich der individuelle Akteur um alle Details standig neu kummern muss (Weber 1922a). Innerhalb der Routinen und Kontexte kommt es jedoch zur aktiven Auseinandersetzung des Individuums mit den Bedingungen seiner sozialen Umwelt. Uber organisatorische Strukturen werden soziale Beziehungen wahrgenommen, die pragend fur die individuellen Handlungen sind (Dewey 1922; Mead 1925; Parsons und Shils 1951b).

Organisationale Akteure sind individuelle Akteure. Sie arbeiten arbeitsteilig in institutionellen... more Organisationale Akteure sind individuelle Akteure. Sie arbeiten arbeitsteilig in institutionellen, also in organisatorischen und regelgebundenen Funktionszusammenhangen. Dadurch verliert ihre Tatigkeit jedoch den ganzheitlichen Sinnbezug: Die organisationalen Akteure verstehen die organisatorischen Auswirkungen ihrer Handlungen nicht, sondern orientieren sich lediglich am organisationalen Handlungsbezug, also an der Sinnstruktur ihrer jeweiligen Handlung. Sie mussen ihre Rolle in den Handlungselementen, in denen sie aktiv sind, entsprechend der dort bestehenden Kommunikation weiterfuhren.

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

Die “Theorie rationaler Wahl” (rational choice) nimmt den Menschen universal in den Blick. In ihr... more Die “Theorie rationaler Wahl” (rational choice) nimmt den Menschen universal in den Blick. In ihr entscheidet der handelnde Mensch unter Verwendung der Summe aller Informationen, die fur ihn verfugbar sind. Unterstellt wird ihm eine klare Entscheidungshierarchie: Er hat Ziele, die er auf alle Falle erreichen will; er orientiert sich an Praferenzen, die er bei der Zielverfolgung beachtet; und er macht Zwischenschritte, die er auf dem Weg dahin mehr oder weniger freiwillig abarbeitet.

Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 2021

This paper documents how an ethically aligned co-design methodology ensures trustworthiness in th... more This paper documents how an ethically aligned co-design methodology ensures trustworthiness in the early design phase of an artificial intelligence (AI) system component for healthcare. The system explains decisions made by deep learning networks analyzing images of skin lesions. The co-design of trustworthy AI developed here used a holistic approach rather than a static ethical checklist and required a multidisciplinary team of experts working with the AI designers and their managers. Ethical, legal, and technical issues potentially arising from the future use of the AI system were investigated. This paper is a first report on co-designing in the early design phase. Our results can also serve as guidance for other early-phase AI-similar tool developments.

Frontiers in Human Dynamics

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and ... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health and wellbeing. However, the use of AI in healthcare also brings potential risks that may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments in AI, the High-Level Expert Group on AI set up by the European Commission (EC), recently published ethics guidelines for what it terms “trustworthy” AI. These guidelines are aimed at a variety of stakeholders, especially guiding practitioners toward more ethical and more robust applications of AI. In line with efforts of the EC, AI ethics scholarship focuses increasingly on converting abstract principles into actionable recommendations. However, the interpretation, relevance, and implementation of trustworthy AI depend on the domain and the context in which the AI system is used. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to use the general AI HLEG trustworthy AI guidelines in practice in...

Mis-selling by banks has occurred repeatedly in many nations over the last decade. While clients ... more Mis-selling by banks has occurred repeatedly in many nations over the last decade. While clients may benefit from competition – enabling them to choose financial services at lowest costs – economic frictions
between banks and clients may give rise to mis-selling. Examples of mis-selling are mis-representation of information, overly complex product design and non-customized advice. European regulators
address the problem of mis-selling in the ”Markets in Financial Instruments Directive“ (MiFID) I and II and the ”Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation“ (MiFIR), by setting behavioral requirements for
banks, regulating the compensation of employees, and imposing requirements on offered financial products and disclosure rules.
We argue that MiFID II protects clients but is not as effective as it could be. (1) It does not differentiate between client groups with different levels of financial literacy. Effective advice requires different advice
for different client groups. (2) MiFID II uses too many rules and too many instruments to achieve identical goals and thereby generates excessive compliance costs. High compliance costs and low revenues would drive banks out of some segments of retail business.
In analogy to the Basel framework, we rely on a three pillar approach to protect clients on the one hand and to enable banks to earn the cost of capital in retail banking on the other hand. In order to improve customized advice, we argue that client protection should be based on fewer regulation worded as rules and more regulation phrased as principles. Tight rules are appropriate when details of effective interaction between banks and clients are well-known. Principles, by contrast, provide behavioral guidelines and grant more discretion so that interaction can be adapted to a broad range of situations, including heterogeneity of clients and of employees.

Moral Leadership in Action, 2002

This study compares two approaches to values-driven, or rather ethical, management in corporation... more This study compares two approaches to values-driven, or rather ethical, management in corporations by means of examples from General Electric Company (USA) and Siemens AG (Germany). Their differing ideas about the role of ethics and values in management are apparent in the different ways they deal with management guidelines. The prevailing characters of their values-based management systems are expressed in the different kinds of interactions which arise through the application of a more informal or a more instrumental approach. The study also deals with the related cultural differences in the application of values-driven management in multicultural organizations and leads to a deeper understanding of the particular meaning of ethics in economic organizations. * The helpful assistance of General Electric Company and Siemens AG is gratefully acknowledged.

Management · Werte Organisation, 1997

Business Challenging Business Ethics: New Instruments for Coping with Diversity in International Business, 2000

ABSTRACT