Manfred Sailer | Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (original) (raw)
Papers by Manfred Sailer
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2021
The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-lik... more The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-like character of idioms and approaches that focus on the autonomy of the idioms' parts. In this paper, we summarize the main arguments for and against these two positions to then propose an account that tries to capture and combine the insights and advantages of both types of analysis. The resulting theory is heavily influenced by the approach taken in Riehemann (2001).
Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2023
The paper examines borrowed instances of what we call emphatic superlative ever (ES-ever) into tw... more The paper examines borrowed instances of what we call emphatic superlative ever (ES-ever) into two Germanic languages (Dutch and German) and two Romance languages (French and Spanish). We base our study on extensive corpus data. We model the data in three stages ranging from constructional borrowing (Stage-1: el coolest job ever 'the coolest job ever'), via diaconstructions (Stage-2: la mejor canción ever 'the best song ever'), up to lexical borrowing (Stage-3: las portadas más photoshopeadas ever 'the most photoshoped portals ever'). We extend an earlier approach to social meaning in HPSG to borrowing.
The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexica... more The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexical analyses, i.e., analyses that emphasize the unit-like character of IEs and those that exploit the autonomy of their component parts. We will summarize the main arguments and then propose an analysis that tries to capture the insights of both positions. The resulting theory is heavily based on Riehemann (2001).
This paper presents the results of two experiments in German testing the acceptability of (non-)r... more This paper presents the results of two experiments in German testing the acceptability of (non-)restrictive relative clauses (NRCs/RRCs) with split antecedents (SpAs). According to Moltmann (1992), SpAs are only grammatical if their parts occur within the conjuncts of a coordinate structure and if they have identical grammatical functions. Non-conjoined SpAs that form the subject and the object of a transitive verb are predicted to be ungrammatical. Our study shows that the acceptability of such examples improves significantly if the predicate that relates the parts of the SpA is symmetric. Moreover, it suggests that NRCs and RRCs behave differently in these cases with respect to the SpA-construal. We can make sense of this observation if we follow Winter (2016) in assuming that transitive symmetric predicates have to be analyzed as unary collective predicates and thus provide a collective antecedent for the RC at the semantic (not the syntactic) level. As we will argue, this accoun...
The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexica... more The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexical analyses, i.e., analyses that emphasize the unit-like character of IEs and those that exploit the autonomy of their component parts. We will summarize the main arguments and then propose an analysis that tries to capture the insights of both positions. The resulting theory is heavily based on Riehemann (2001).
Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idiom... more Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idioms towards a word-level approach for semantically decomposable idioms. We<br> take that idea one step further and argue that a semantically non-decomposable<br> idiom of syntactically regular shape can also be analyzed in terms of individual<br> word-level lexical entries. We suggest that these entries combine according to the<br> standard rules of syntax and that the restrictions on the syntactic flexibility of a<br> semantically non-decomposable idiom follow exclusively from the interaction of<br> the special semantics of these entries with the semantic and pragmatic constraints<br> of the relevant syntactic constructions in a particular language. In our analysis, the<br> words constituting a non-decomposable idiom make partially identical semantic<br> contributions. We formulate our analysis in Lexical Resource Semantics (Richter<...
Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2022
The paper looks at constraints on non-wh relatives in S ̄or ̄an ̄ı Kurdish (Iranian) and English ... more The paper looks at constraints on non-wh relatives in S ̄or ̄an ̄ı Kurdish
(Iranian) and English (Germanic). We argue that some of them are gram-
matical, whereas others introduce social meaning. We present a basic,
lexicalist syntactic analysis and expand it with social meaning constraints.
We propose that classical sociolinguistic variables have the status of con-
ventional implicatures and the overall assessment of a style is treated as
a particularized conversational implicature.
29th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2022
An intriguing property of relative clauses in English (Germanic) is not only the wide variety of... more An intriguing property of relative clauses in English (Germanic) is not only the wide
variety of different constructions (Sag, 1997), but also their sensitivity to semantic and register factors (Hoffmann, 2010). We will look at two special cases: bare relatives with local subject gaps and non-restrictive
that relatives. Both constructions have been excluded in the formal modelling of English relatives. We will
argue that including them leads to a more natural description of the inventory of English relative clauses.
Cross-linguistic support for this comes from Sor ¯ an¯ ¯ı Kurdish (Iranian).1 Sor ¯ an¯ ¯ı relatives are strikingly similar
to English non-wh relatives. We will, therefore, propose a uniform analysis for the two languages.
The basic syntactic and semantic analysis will be lexicalist in nature, but will be enhanced with phrasal,
constellation-specific, register constraints.
Languages have expressions which are used in place of other expressions. In English, these includ... more Languages have expressions which are used in place of other expressions. In English, these include whatsit, whatchamacallit, or thingamajig for common nouns andWhat’s-his/her-name or you-knowwho for proper nouns. Such placeholder expressions (PHEs) are used under various circumstances (Cheung, 2015): (i) when the speaker cannot think of the correct expression right away, (ii) to fill a lexical gap temporarily, (iii) as euphemism when the speaker wants to avoid a certain term, (iv) as an in-group term to mark solidarity among the communication partners. All of these uses share the following properties: (PHE-Ref) The PHE is refers to a linguistic sign, i.e., some form-meaning pairing. (PHE-Truth) The truth-conditional meaning of a PHE is not fixed but is identical to that of the expression it replaces. (PHE-Constr) There can be morpho-syntactic and semantico-pragmatic constraints on which expressions a given PHE can replace. (PHE-Use) PHEs have a use-conditional meaning, which can be ...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
Negative Polarity Items (NPI) are expressions such as English 'ever' and 'lift a fing... more Negative Polarity Items (NPI) are expressions such as English 'ever' and 'lift a finger' that only occur in sentences that are somehow negative. NPIs have puzzled linguists working in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, but no final conclusion as to which module of the grammar should be responsible for the licensing has been reached. Within HPSG interest in NPI has developed only relatively recently and is mainly inspired by the entailment-based approach of Ladusaw 1980 and Zwarts 1997. Since HPSG's CONTENT value is a semantic representation, the integration of such a denotational theory cannot be done directly. Adopting Discourse Representation Theory (DRT, Kamp and Reyle 1993, von Genabith et al. 2004) I show that it is possible to formulate a theory of NPI licensing that uses purely representational notions. In contrast to most other frameworks in semantics, DRT attributes theoretical significance to the representation of meaning, i.e. to a logical form, and not...
Phraseologie / Phraseology, 2007
Interfaces in Romance, 2020
Summary The paper discusses the occurrence of emphatic negative polarity items (NPIs) in high deg... more Summary The paper discusses the occurrence of emphatic negative polarity items (NPIs) in high degree result clause constructions. We will identify four distributional patterns for Romanian emphatic NPIs. These will range from NPIs that only occur occasionally in result constructions to NPIs that are bound to such constructions and even do not show any truth-conditionally relevant semantic contribution. We reformulate a scalar, pragmatic theory of NPIs in a constraint-based, representational framework, Lexical Resource Semantics. We propose a scalar extension of a standard semantics of result clauses in order to capture the high degree, i.e. intensification readings. The constraint-based, representational perspective of this paper allows for an elegant modeling of the data: (i) We can capture the four distributional patterns as a lexical property of the discussed NPIs. (ii) The semantics and pragmatics of Romanian result clause constructions is accounted for by lexical properties of ...
Negative concord is a prominent one-to-many correspondence between form and meaning at the syntax... more Negative concord is a prominent one-to-many correspondence between form and meaning at the syntax-semantics interface, in which one semantic function may correlate with several semantic exponents. Languages are typically classified as showing negative concord or not, yet they all seem to exhibit the same interpretation strategy of conjoined negative noun phrases, i.e. <em>cases like no lecture and no seminar</em>. We will analyze this construction within a framework of a constraint-based, underspecified syntax-semantics interface (Lexical Resource Semantics, LRS,<br> Richter & Sailer 2004). We will combine an earlier LRS analysis of cross-linguistic variation of negative concord with a new analysis of coordination. The latter will make it necessary to integrate into LRS so-called <em>equality up-to</em> constraints, which were originally introduced in Pinkal (1999) as a core type of constraint for underspecified semantic systems. We show that the result...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2016
We look at definite marking in Esperanto, Papiamentu, and Yiddish considering three semantically ... more We look at definite marking in Esperanto, Papiamentu, and Yiddish considering three semantically definite contexts: the referential use of proper names and unique nouns, as well as anaphoric definites. We argue for a three-dimensional analysis of definiteness: an individual denotation, an existence presupposition, and a uniqueness conventional implicature. We present an HPSG encoding of this system and model the central aspects of the definite marking systems of our three object languages.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2021
The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-lik... more The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-like character of idioms and approaches that focus on the autonomy of the idioms' parts. In this paper, we summarize the main arguments for and against these two positions to then propose an account that tries to capture and combine the insights and advantages of both types of analysis. The resulting theory is heavily influenced by the approach taken in Riehemann (2001).
Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idiom... more Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idioms towards a word-level approach for semantically decomposable idioms. We<br> take that idea one step further and argue that a semantically non-decomposable<br> idiom of syntactically regular shape can also be analyzed in terms of individual<br> word-level lexical entries. We suggest that these entries combine according to the<br> standard rules of syntax and that the restrictions on the syntactic flexibility of a<br> semantically non-decomposable idiom follow exclusively from the interaction of<br> the special semantics of these entries with the semantic and pragmatic constraints<br> of the relevant syntactic constructions in a particular language. In our analysis, the<br> words constituting a non-decomposable idiom make partially identical semantic<br> contributions. We formulate our analysis in Lexical Resource Semantics (Richter<...
Wortverbindungen - mehr oder weniger fest, 2004
In diesem Aufsatz werden Wortverbindungen aus einer distributioneilen Perspektive im Rahmen einer... more In diesem Aufsatz werden Wortverbindungen aus einer distributioneilen Perspektive im Rahmen einer formalen lexikalistischen Grammatiktheorie betrachtet. Ausgehend von unikalen Elementen (Tácheles reden) wird ein Distributionsmodul als Teil des Lexikoneintrags motiviert. Anhand des Verbs fackeln wird eine analoge Distributionsanalyse für Polaritätselemente entwickelt. Da Korpora eine zentrale Datenquelle darstellen, werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, Distributionsanforderungen lexikalischer Elemente automatisch aus Korpora zu extrahieren. Um dem Distributionsmodul ein klareres Profil zu geben, wird seine Funktion gegenüber der von Selektion und von Konstruktionen abgegrenzt. Abschließende Überlegungen widmen sich einem Versuch, die Rolle von Gebrauchsdaten innerhalb einer formalen Grammatiktheorie zu bestimmen, was zur Skizzierung einer erfahrungsbasierten modelltheoretischen Grammatiktheorie fuhrt. 1. Einführung Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich dem Thema der "Wortverbindungen" aus einer distributioneilen Sicht. Das bedeutet, ich werde mich auf die Frage konzentrieren, welche Verbindungen Wörter eingehen können und wie dies im Zusammenhang mit dem Rest der Grammatik zu deuten ist. Formale lexikalistische Grammatiken gehen von der folgenden Arbeitsteilung aus: Eine kleine Menge von allgemeinen Prinzipien kontrolliert die Verwendung von lexikalischen Elementen in wohlgeformten linguistischen Strukturen. Die lexikalischen Elemente ihrerseits haben idiosynkratische Eigenschaften, wie ihre Phonologie, ihre Bedeutung und ihre syntaktische Kategorie und ihre Selektionseigenschaften. Diese Eigenschaften sind nicht aus allgemeinen Prinzipien ableitbar sondern müssen im Lexikon angegeben werden. 1 Diese Arbeit entstand im Rahmen des Teilprojekts A5 des von der DFG eingerichteten Sonderforschungsbereichs 441 der Universität Tübingen. Wie auch aus den Literaturverweisen ersichtlich, gehen viele Aspekte auf gemeinsame Arbeiten mit Frank Richter zurück. Ich möchte dem IDS für die Einladung zu diesem Tagungsband danken. Für Kommentare und Diskussion danke ich Frank Richter, Jan-Philipp Soehn und Andreas Wagner sowie den Teilnehmern der IDS-Jahrestagung.
The paper discusses two constellations in which one quantifier is embedded inside another but whe... more The paper discusses two constellations in which one quantifier is embedded inside another but where the embedded quantifier seems to outscope its embedder: inverse linking and telescoping. Four phenomena are mentioned that support that idea that the two quantifiers behave neither like the higher nor like the lower quantifier but rather display a unit-like behavior. This motivates a polyadic analysis, which will be expressed in Lexical Resource Semantics. Interesting predictions for so far unnoticed data on negative polarity items follow from this treatment.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2021
The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-lik... more The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-like character of idioms and approaches that focus on the autonomy of the idioms' parts. In this paper, we summarize the main arguments for and against these two positions to then propose an account that tries to capture and combine the insights and advantages of both types of analysis. The resulting theory is heavily influenced by the approach taken in Riehemann (2001).
Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2023
The paper examines borrowed instances of what we call emphatic superlative ever (ES-ever) into tw... more The paper examines borrowed instances of what we call emphatic superlative ever (ES-ever) into two Germanic languages (Dutch and German) and two Romance languages (French and Spanish). We base our study on extensive corpus data. We model the data in three stages ranging from constructional borrowing (Stage-1: el coolest job ever 'the coolest job ever'), via diaconstructions (Stage-2: la mejor canción ever 'the best song ever'), up to lexical borrowing (Stage-3: las portadas más photoshopeadas ever 'the most photoshoped portals ever'). We extend an earlier approach to social meaning in HPSG to borrowing.
The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexica... more The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexical analyses, i.e., analyses that emphasize the unit-like character of IEs and those that exploit the autonomy of their component parts. We will summarize the main arguments and then propose an analysis that tries to capture the insights of both positions. The resulting theory is heavily based on Riehemann (2001).
This paper presents the results of two experiments in German testing the acceptability of (non-)r... more This paper presents the results of two experiments in German testing the acceptability of (non-)restrictive relative clauses (NRCs/RRCs) with split antecedents (SpAs). According to Moltmann (1992), SpAs are only grammatical if their parts occur within the conjuncts of a coordinate structure and if they have identical grammatical functions. Non-conjoined SpAs that form the subject and the object of a transitive verb are predicted to be ungrammatical. Our study shows that the acceptability of such examples improves significantly if the predicate that relates the parts of the SpA is symmetric. Moreover, it suggests that NRCs and RRCs behave differently in these cases with respect to the SpA-construal. We can make sense of this observation if we follow Winter (2016) in assuming that transitive symmetric predicates have to be analyzed as unary collective predicates and thus provide a collective antecedent for the RC at the semantic (not the syntactic) level. As we will argue, this accoun...
The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexica... more The formal analysis of idiomatic expressions (IE) has been oscillating between phrasal and lexical analyses, i.e., analyses that emphasize the unit-like character of IEs and those that exploit the autonomy of their component parts. We will summarize the main arguments and then propose an analysis that tries to capture the insights of both positions. The resulting theory is heavily based on Riehemann (2001).
Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idiom... more Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idioms towards a word-level approach for semantically decomposable idioms. We<br> take that idea one step further and argue that a semantically non-decomposable<br> idiom of syntactically regular shape can also be analyzed in terms of individual<br> word-level lexical entries. We suggest that these entries combine according to the<br> standard rules of syntax and that the restrictions on the syntactic flexibility of a<br> semantically non-decomposable idiom follow exclusively from the interaction of<br> the special semantics of these entries with the semantic and pragmatic constraints<br> of the relevant syntactic constructions in a particular language. In our analysis, the<br> words constituting a non-decomposable idiom make partially identical semantic<br> contributions. We formulate our analysis in Lexical Resource Semantics (Richter<...
Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2022
The paper looks at constraints on non-wh relatives in S ̄or ̄an ̄ı Kurdish (Iranian) and English ... more The paper looks at constraints on non-wh relatives in S ̄or ̄an ̄ı Kurdish
(Iranian) and English (Germanic). We argue that some of them are gram-
matical, whereas others introduce social meaning. We present a basic,
lexicalist syntactic analysis and expand it with social meaning constraints.
We propose that classical sociolinguistic variables have the status of con-
ventional implicatures and the overall assessment of a style is treated as
a particularized conversational implicature.
29th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2022
An intriguing property of relative clauses in English (Germanic) is not only the wide variety of... more An intriguing property of relative clauses in English (Germanic) is not only the wide
variety of different constructions (Sag, 1997), but also their sensitivity to semantic and register factors (Hoffmann, 2010). We will look at two special cases: bare relatives with local subject gaps and non-restrictive
that relatives. Both constructions have been excluded in the formal modelling of English relatives. We will
argue that including them leads to a more natural description of the inventory of English relative clauses.
Cross-linguistic support for this comes from Sor ¯ an¯ ¯ı Kurdish (Iranian).1 Sor ¯ an¯ ¯ı relatives are strikingly similar
to English non-wh relatives. We will, therefore, propose a uniform analysis for the two languages.
The basic syntactic and semantic analysis will be lexicalist in nature, but will be enhanced with phrasal,
constellation-specific, register constraints.
Languages have expressions which are used in place of other expressions. In English, these includ... more Languages have expressions which are used in place of other expressions. In English, these include whatsit, whatchamacallit, or thingamajig for common nouns andWhat’s-his/her-name or you-knowwho for proper nouns. Such placeholder expressions (PHEs) are used under various circumstances (Cheung, 2015): (i) when the speaker cannot think of the correct expression right away, (ii) to fill a lexical gap temporarily, (iii) as euphemism when the speaker wants to avoid a certain term, (iv) as an in-group term to mark solidarity among the communication partners. All of these uses share the following properties: (PHE-Ref) The PHE is refers to a linguistic sign, i.e., some form-meaning pairing. (PHE-Truth) The truth-conditional meaning of a PHE is not fixed but is identical to that of the expression it replaces. (PHE-Constr) There can be morpho-syntactic and semantico-pragmatic constraints on which expressions a given PHE can replace. (PHE-Use) PHEs have a use-conditional meaning, which can be ...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
Negative Polarity Items (NPI) are expressions such as English 'ever' and 'lift a fing... more Negative Polarity Items (NPI) are expressions such as English 'ever' and 'lift a finger' that only occur in sentences that are somehow negative. NPIs have puzzled linguists working in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, but no final conclusion as to which module of the grammar should be responsible for the licensing has been reached. Within HPSG interest in NPI has developed only relatively recently and is mainly inspired by the entailment-based approach of Ladusaw 1980 and Zwarts 1997. Since HPSG's CONTENT value is a semantic representation, the integration of such a denotational theory cannot be done directly. Adopting Discourse Representation Theory (DRT, Kamp and Reyle 1993, von Genabith et al. 2004) I show that it is possible to formulate a theory of NPI licensing that uses purely representational notions. In contrast to most other frameworks in semantics, DRT attributes theoretical significance to the representation of meaning, i.e. to a logical form, and not...
Phraseologie / Phraseology, 2007
Interfaces in Romance, 2020
Summary The paper discusses the occurrence of emphatic negative polarity items (NPIs) in high deg... more Summary The paper discusses the occurrence of emphatic negative polarity items (NPIs) in high degree result clause constructions. We will identify four distributional patterns for Romanian emphatic NPIs. These will range from NPIs that only occur occasionally in result constructions to NPIs that are bound to such constructions and even do not show any truth-conditionally relevant semantic contribution. We reformulate a scalar, pragmatic theory of NPIs in a constraint-based, representational framework, Lexical Resource Semantics. We propose a scalar extension of a standard semantics of result clauses in order to capture the high degree, i.e. intensification readings. The constraint-based, representational perspective of this paper allows for an elegant modeling of the data: (i) We can capture the four distributional patterns as a lexical property of the discussed NPIs. (ii) The semantics and pragmatics of Romanian result clause constructions is accounted for by lexical properties of ...
Negative concord is a prominent one-to-many correspondence between form and meaning at the syntax... more Negative concord is a prominent one-to-many correspondence between form and meaning at the syntax-semantics interface, in which one semantic function may correlate with several semantic exponents. Languages are typically classified as showing negative concord or not, yet they all seem to exhibit the same interpretation strategy of conjoined negative noun phrases, i.e. <em>cases like no lecture and no seminar</em>. We will analyze this construction within a framework of a constraint-based, underspecified syntax-semantics interface (Lexical Resource Semantics, LRS,<br> Richter & Sailer 2004). We will combine an earlier LRS analysis of cross-linguistic variation of negative concord with a new analysis of coordination. The latter will make it necessary to integrate into LRS so-called <em>equality up-to</em> constraints, which were originally introduced in Pinkal (1999) as a core type of constraint for underspecified semantic systems. We show that the result...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2016
We look at definite marking in Esperanto, Papiamentu, and Yiddish considering three semantically ... more We look at definite marking in Esperanto, Papiamentu, and Yiddish considering three semantically definite contexts: the referential use of proper names and unique nouns, as well as anaphoric definites. We argue for a three-dimensional analysis of definiteness: an individual denotation, an existence presupposition, and a uniqueness conventional implicature. We present an HPSG encoding of this system and model the central aspects of the definite marking systems of our three object languages.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, 2021
The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-lik... more The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-like character of idioms and approaches that focus on the autonomy of the idioms' parts. In this paper, we summarize the main arguments for and against these two positions to then propose an account that tries to capture and combine the insights and advantages of both types of analysis. The resulting theory is heavily influenced by the approach taken in Riehemann (2001).
Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idiom... more Nunberg et al. (1994) caused a shift in perspective from a monolithic view of all<br> idioms towards a word-level approach for semantically decomposable idioms. We<br> take that idea one step further and argue that a semantically non-decomposable<br> idiom of syntactically regular shape can also be analyzed in terms of individual<br> word-level lexical entries. We suggest that these entries combine according to the<br> standard rules of syntax and that the restrictions on the syntactic flexibility of a<br> semantically non-decomposable idiom follow exclusively from the interaction of<br> the special semantics of these entries with the semantic and pragmatic constraints<br> of the relevant syntactic constructions in a particular language. In our analysis, the<br> words constituting a non-decomposable idiom make partially identical semantic<br> contributions. We formulate our analysis in Lexical Resource Semantics (Richter<...
Wortverbindungen - mehr oder weniger fest, 2004
In diesem Aufsatz werden Wortverbindungen aus einer distributioneilen Perspektive im Rahmen einer... more In diesem Aufsatz werden Wortverbindungen aus einer distributioneilen Perspektive im Rahmen einer formalen lexikalistischen Grammatiktheorie betrachtet. Ausgehend von unikalen Elementen (Tácheles reden) wird ein Distributionsmodul als Teil des Lexikoneintrags motiviert. Anhand des Verbs fackeln wird eine analoge Distributionsanalyse für Polaritätselemente entwickelt. Da Korpora eine zentrale Datenquelle darstellen, werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, Distributionsanforderungen lexikalischer Elemente automatisch aus Korpora zu extrahieren. Um dem Distributionsmodul ein klareres Profil zu geben, wird seine Funktion gegenüber der von Selektion und von Konstruktionen abgegrenzt. Abschließende Überlegungen widmen sich einem Versuch, die Rolle von Gebrauchsdaten innerhalb einer formalen Grammatiktheorie zu bestimmen, was zur Skizzierung einer erfahrungsbasierten modelltheoretischen Grammatiktheorie fuhrt. 1. Einführung Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich dem Thema der "Wortverbindungen" aus einer distributioneilen Sicht. Das bedeutet, ich werde mich auf die Frage konzentrieren, welche Verbindungen Wörter eingehen können und wie dies im Zusammenhang mit dem Rest der Grammatik zu deuten ist. Formale lexikalistische Grammatiken gehen von der folgenden Arbeitsteilung aus: Eine kleine Menge von allgemeinen Prinzipien kontrolliert die Verwendung von lexikalischen Elementen in wohlgeformten linguistischen Strukturen. Die lexikalischen Elemente ihrerseits haben idiosynkratische Eigenschaften, wie ihre Phonologie, ihre Bedeutung und ihre syntaktische Kategorie und ihre Selektionseigenschaften. Diese Eigenschaften sind nicht aus allgemeinen Prinzipien ableitbar sondern müssen im Lexikon angegeben werden. 1 Diese Arbeit entstand im Rahmen des Teilprojekts A5 des von der DFG eingerichteten Sonderforschungsbereichs 441 der Universität Tübingen. Wie auch aus den Literaturverweisen ersichtlich, gehen viele Aspekte auf gemeinsame Arbeiten mit Frank Richter zurück. Ich möchte dem IDS für die Einladung zu diesem Tagungsband danken. Für Kommentare und Diskussion danke ich Frank Richter, Jan-Philipp Soehn und Andreas Wagner sowie den Teilnehmern der IDS-Jahrestagung.
The paper discusses two constellations in which one quantifier is embedded inside another but whe... more The paper discusses two constellations in which one quantifier is embedded inside another but where the embedded quantifier seems to outscope its embedder: inverse linking and telescoping. Four phenomena are mentioned that support that idea that the two quantifiers behave neither like the higher nor like the lower quantifier but rather display a unit-like behavior. This motivates a polyadic analysis, which will be expressed in Lexical Resource Semantics. Interesting predictions for so far unnoticed data on negative polarity items follow from this treatment.