Aude Aylin de Tapia | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (original) (raw)

Uploads

Books by Aude Aylin de Tapia

Brill, 2023

This book traces the history of everyday relations of Greek-Orthodox Christians and Muslims of Ca... more This book traces the history of everyday relations of Greek-Orthodox Christians and Muslims of Cappadocia, an Ottoman countryside inhabited by various ethno-religious groups, either sharing the same settlements, or living in neighbouring villages. Based on Ottoman state archives, testimonies collected by the Centre of Asia Minor Studies, and various pre-1923 hand-written and printed sources mostly in Ottoman- and Karamanli-Turkish, and Greek, the study covers the period from 1839 to 1923 and proposes an anthropological perspective on everyday cross-religious interactions. It focuses on questions such as identification and mapping of communities, sharing of space and resources, use of languages, and religiosity in the context of conversions and of shared sacred spaces and beliefs to investigate everyday realities of a multireligious rural society which disappeared with the fall of the Empire.

Papers by Aude Aylin de Tapia

Die Welt des Islams, Apr 17, 2023

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 2, 2015

La Cappadoce chrétienne ottomane : un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié ? Ottoman Christian Capp... more La Cappadoce chrétienne ottomane : un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié ? Ottoman Christian Cappadocia: a (deliberately) forgotten heritage? Aude Aylin de Tapia La Cappadoce chrétienne ottomane : un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié ?

Version française Haziran 2013 Yerel oluşum ve mimarisiyle sıradışı tarihi bir yöre olan Kapadoky... more Version française Haziran 2013 Yerel oluşum ve mimarisiyle sıradışı tarihi bir yöre olan Kapadokya, özellikle Bizans sanatı alanında olmak üzere çok sayıda sanat tarihi araştırmasına konu olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Osmanlı-Türk dönemine değgin yerel tarih fazlaca bilinmemektedir. Doğal şekilde oluşmuş peri bacalarının yakınındaki (hatta bazen içindeki), kayalara oyulmuş kilise ve başka Bizans anıtlarının XVIII ve XIX. yy. seyyahlarını etkilediği bir gerçektir. Buralar, bugün hala « turist »l..

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 15, 2014

La Porteuse de Pain (1884-85) is one of the most famous serial novels of Xavier de Montépin, a ve... more La Porteuse de Pain (1884-85) is one of the most famous serial novels of Xavier de Montépin, a very prolific French writer of 19th-century popular literature. After its French publication, the novel has been translated across Europe. In the Ottoman Empire, the first version appears in Greek (1885), then in Karamanli (1885), Armenian (1886) and Ottoman (1889) Turkish. This paper focuses on the Karamanli edition and tries to figure out if the Ετμεκδζί Χατούν is an accurate translation or rather a literary, historical and cultural adaptation. For this purpose, a comparative study of the French and Karamanli texts is developed with some parallel observations concerning the Ottoman translation. The ways of translating various passages but also of transcribing, transliterating and explaining particular words are analyzed. In a second time, this study provides an opportunity to bring together and compare French and Karamanli readership. Tout commence en 1861 quand Jacques Garaud, le contremaître d'une usine, tombe amoureux de Jeanne Fortier, une jeune veuve travaillant là comme concierge après la mort de son époux mécanicien lors de l'explosion d'une machine. Devant le refus de la jeune femme, Jacques incendie l'usine, tue le patron, Jules Labroue, et fait accuser Jeanne. Cette dernière, condamnée à perpétuité, s'évade mais après vingt ans d'emprisonnement, la vie à l'extérieur a bien changé. Son fils Georges est devenu avocat, sa fille Lucie, couturière. Jacques Garaud est devenu un riche industriel et veut marier sa fille à Lucien, le fils de Jules Labroue qu'il avait assassiné vingt ans plus tôt. Mais Lucien est fiancé à Lucie, la fille de Jeanne. Jeanne, tout juste évadée de prison, change d'identité, devient Maman Lison la « porteuse de pain » et est bien décidée à retrouver sa famille et le véritable criminel. 224 AUDE AYLIN DE TAPIA feuilletons, La Porteuse de pain, sans doute le plus grand succès de Montépin, devient rapidement en France un « bestseller » qui connaîtra de nombreuses rééditions et de multiples adaptations au théâtre puis sur les grands et petits écrans. Au-delà des frontières, dès son édition quotidienne dans le Petit Journal, le roman connaît un vif succès à travers l'Europe et fait l'objet de nombreuses traductions malgré la note « Traduction et reproduction interdites » présente sous plusieurs épisodes du feuilleton 1. Xavier de Montépin, un auteur à succès dans l'Empire ottoman Xavier de Montépin n'en est pas à son premier essai lorsqu'il publie les épisodes de La porteuse de pain dans le Petit Journal. Sa réputation de romancier populaire n'est plus à faire ni en France, ni en Europe. Quand les premières traductions de La porteuse de pain paraissent dans l'Empire ottoman au milieu des années 1880, Montépin y a déjà connu plusieurs succès. L'auteur de plus de 150 romans populaires français fait déjà partie des romanciers incontournables des littératures turques puisque, tous types d'alphabets confondus, il est l'auteur de 95 volumes 2 traduits en langues turques 3. Le premier roman de Montépin à être traduit en « langues turques » est La Gitane (publié en français dans les années 1860). Ce roman passé presque inaperçu en France va connaître un grand succès dans l'Empire ottoman: publié en 1876 en arméno-turc sous le titre Çingene kızı, le titre sera repris par l'édition ottomane en 1889 puis par l'édition karamanlie en 1894 (complété par le sous-titre « Gayet meşhur feci ve meraklı roman olup ») 4. Le premier succès français de Montépin, Les Filles de bronze (1880) est à son tour rapidement 1 Cette note est insérée sous le premier épisode (15 juin 1884) puis à plusieurs reprises au cours de la publication du feuilleton. Nous avons cependant compté plus d'une dizaine de traductions (italien, portugais, russe, grec, karamanli, arméno-turc, ottoman, ladino, arabe...) dont les plus précoces datent de 1884-85 et sont donc contemporaines de l'édition du feuilleton français dans le journal. 2 Ce chiffre ne correspond pas au nombre de romans, mais au nombre de volumes édités et réédités dans les différents alphabets turcs. Il n'inclut pas les textes publiés dans les autres langues parlées dans l'Empire ottoman, en particulier le grec ou l'arménien, voir Cebe (2009) : 247. Les éditions en feuilleton parues dans les différents journaux turcs publiés dans l'Empire ne sont pas non plus comptabilisées. 3 Par langues turques, nous entendons ici le turc parlé dans l'Empire ottoman et écrit dans différents alphabets (arabe, grec, arménien, hébreu...). Il est possible de faire un parallèle avec la notion de « langue turquienne » employée en linguistique pour décrire le(s) turc(s) de Turquie par opposition aux « langues turciques » qui correspondent aux langues turques centrasiatiques. Sur l'emploi des notions "turquien" et "turcique", voir Deny (1955) et Bazin (1994). 4 L'édition karamanlie au format livre est précédée d'une édition en roman-feuilleton dans le journal Anatoli entre 1892 et 1894. 7 47 Littéralement, la traduction karamanlie signifie « Il y a un Dieu au ciel et ce Dieu est justice » (t.6, p.1467 et 1469).

European journal of Turkish studies

Aude Aylin de Tapia, post-doctorante LabexMed à l’IDEMEC, a organisé un atelier de recherche port... more Aude Aylin de Tapia, post-doctorante LabexMed à l’IDEMEC, a organisé un atelier de recherche portant sur les technologies dans les villes ottomanes et post-ottomanes. Elle y a également fait une présentation intitulée "The Anatolian Rums in front of New Technologies (1850s – 1923)" dans laquelle elle a analysé la perception des nouvelles technologies par les communautés grecques-orthodoxes de Turquie par l'intermédiaire de témoignages oraux et d'articles de presse et de revues datant de la fi..

European journal of Turkish studies

Imaging and Imagining Palestine, 2021

Toplumsal Tarih, Sep 1, 2013

un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié? Warning The contents of this site is subject to the French... more un patrimoine (volontairement) oublié? Warning The contents of this site is subject to the French law on intellectual property and is the exclusive property of the publisher. The works on this site can be accessed and reproduced on paper or digital media, provided that they are strictly used for personal, scientific or educational purposes excluding any commercial exploitation. Reproduction must necessarily mention the editor, the journal name, the author and the document reference. Any other reproduction is strictly forbidden without permission of the publisher, except in cases provided by legislation

Today, the underground settlements of Cappadocia are regarded as places of mystery and therefore ... more Today, the underground settlements of Cappadocia are regarded as places of mystery and therefore attract tourists in search of unusual experiences. Most of these places are closed these days, with only a few open to visitors who have become the main actors in these ancient places. However, although the underground settlements of Derinkuyu and are said to have been discovered in the 1960s, these and many others had been known to and were used by local villagers at least since the 19th century. This presentation aims to elucidate the ways in which these villagers, mostly Orthodox Christians but also Muslims, made use of the underground settlements for profane purposes, for example as storage space for agricultural products, as permanent living spaces, or for refuge in times of war, but also as sacred places. Comparing the communal use of the underground settlements, we arrive at contradictory views of sacredness. In most cases, the underground settlements were not considered as “place...

THE ETHNO-CULTURAL OTHERS OF TURKEY: CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS, 2021

Turkce ceviri Juin 2013 Sur les traces d’une histoire et d’un patrimoine : La Cappadoce ottomane ... more Turkce ceviri Juin 2013 Sur les traces d’une histoire et d’un patrimoine : La Cappadoce ottomane du XIXe s. En novembre 2012, l’IFEA commencait sa presentation mensuelle de presentoirs bibliographiques par les travaux et recherches dediees a Kayseri, ville anatolienne situee au pied du mont Erciyes (Argee) dont les coulees de laves ont permis a la Cappadoce de devenir une region historique a la geologie et a l’architecture locales hors du commun. La Cappadoce a d’ailleurs fait l’objet de rech...

A la croisee entre les approches historique et anthropologique, cette etude explore les relations... more A la croisee entre les approches historique et anthropologique, cette etude explore les relations entre chretiens orthodoxes (Rums) et musulmans du debut des Tanzimat (1839) a l'echange de population greco-turc (1923). Se concentrant sur les communautes rums turcophones et hellenophones des villes et villages de Cappadoce (regions de Kayseri, Nigde, Nevsehir et Aksaray) et sur leurs interactions avec les populations musulmanes, la presente etude interroge la maniere dont, dans un contexte rural, les formes d'identification individuelle, communautaire et collective sont negociees au quotidien. Mettant en evidence les oscillations voire la superposition entre appartenance a la communaute religieuse et appartenance a la collectivite locale, elle propose l'hypothese selon laquelle les relations intercommunautaires produisent une identite locale qui transcende - mais ne dissout pas - les frontieres entre les groupes religieux a une epoque ou les nationalismes transforment et ...

Common Knowledge

In the nineteenth-century Ottoman empire, Cappadocia, in the heart of Anatolia, was one of the la... more In the nineteenth-century Ottoman empire, Cappadocia, in the heart of Anatolia, was one of the last regions where Rum Orthodox Christians cohabited with Muslims in rural areas. Among the main aspects of everyday coexistence were the beliefs and ritual practices that, shared by Muslim and Christian individuals, blurred religious belonging as it is traditionally defined. Anthropologists and ethnologists have studied exopraxis broadly, while historians have neglected the topic until recently. In the case of anthropologists, studies have mostly focused on the spatiality of sharing that is characteristic of exopraxis. This article, based largely on testimonies collected in the Oral Tradition Archives of the Center for Asia Minor Studies in Athens, analyzes the temporality of exopraxis and inquires into the different but shared calendars that ordered the ritual life of Muslims and Orthodox Christians in Cappadocia. These testimonies, taken from Orthodox Christians who lived in Turkey prio...

Minorités en Méditerranée au XIXe siècle, 2019

Minorités en Méditerranée au XIXe siècle – Valérie Assan, Bernard Heyberger et Jakob Vogel (dir.... more Minorités en Méditerranée au XIXe siècle – Valérie Assan, Bernard Heyberger et Jakob Vogel (dir.) ISBN 978-2-7535-7592-9 — Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2019, www.pur-editions.fr, 2019.

Au cours du XIXe siècle et jusqu’à l’échange de populations entre la Grèce et la Turquie en 1923, les communautés grecques-orthodoxes (Rums) de l’Empire ottoman ont fait l’expérience de l’introduction des idéologies nationalistes et de leurs conséquences sur les modes d’identiﬁcation des individus et des groupes. Parmi les Rums, ceux de Cappadoce, une région rurale isolée des principaux centres urbains de l’Empire, sont dans une situation d’entre-deux : chrétiens orthodoxes, ils sont cependant majori-tairement turcophones de langue maternelle, une langue qu’ils écrivent en caractères grecs et qu’on appelle communément le turc-karamanli. À partir de l’analyse des usages de diﬀérents ethnonymes, cette étude se propose d’examiner le rôle de trois aspects centraux des modes d’identiﬁcation de la ﬁn du XIXe et début du XXe siècle : la géographie, la religion et la langue.

From an Ethnonym to Another. The Turkish-Speaking Orthodox Christians of Cappadocia in the late Ottoman Empire
Troughout the nineteenth century and until the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the Greek-Orthodox (Rum) communities of the Ottoman Empire experienced the eﬀects of the progressive introduction of nationalist ideologies and their consequences on the ways individuals and groups were identiﬁed and named. Among them, the Rums of Cappadocia, a rural region remaining isolated from the main urban centers of the Empire are in an in-between position: they are Orthodox Christians but the mother tongue of most of them is Turkish, a language that they write using the Greek alphabet and which is called Karamanli-Turkish. Through the analysis of various ethnonyms used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Karamanli, Greek and Western sources, this study proposes to examine the role of three main aspects of identiﬁcation: geography, religion and language.

Brill, 2023

Die Welt des Islams, Apr 17, 2023

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 2, 2015

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 15, 2014

European journal of Turkish studies

Imaging and Imagining Palestine, 2021

Toplumsal Tarih, Sep 1, 2013

THE ETHNO-CULTURAL OTHERS OF TURKEY: CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS, 2021

Common Knowledge

Minorités en Méditerranée au XIXe siècle, 2019

We invite paper proposals for a workshop that will investigate the first one hundred years of pho... more We invite paper proposals for a workshop that will investigate the first one hundred years of photography in Ottoman and post-Ottoman territories, especially the Republic of Turkey but also the other successor states created out of the progressive dissolution of the empire (i.e. Greece and Balkan States, former Ottoman Middle Eastern and African provinces). While there has recently been an emergence of new exciting research on photography in these realms, many working in the field do not yet know of one another as they work in very different disciplines. This workshop aims to bring together an intellectual community of scholars engaged with photography and history so that we may better enrich future work. We have suggested certain limits: 1839-1939 in all Ottoman and post-Ottoman territories. However, we are open to paper proposals that question or go beyond these limits as this workshop's aim is to foster fruitful and provocative encounters between interdisciplinary scholars at all stages of their academic careers. Research on all genres of photography is welcome including but not limited to family photography, studio portraits, medical photography, landscape photography, identity cards, criminal mugshots, and photojournalism. The workshop will be hosted at Bogazici University and we hope to also invite a few prominent collectors to share their expertise with us and address

English abstract: This study explores the relations between Orthodox Christians (Rums) and Musli... more English abstract:
This study explores the relations between Orthodox Christians (Rums) and Muslims from the beginning of the Tanzimat (1839) to the Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey (1923). Focusing on the Turkish- and Greek-speaking Christian communities living in the villages and towns of the region of Cappadocia in the heart of Anatolia (i.e., the countryside surrounding the towns of Kayseri, Niğde, Nevşehir, and Aksaray) as well as on their interactions with Muslim populations that share the same settlements or live in neighboring villages. It asks how, in a rural context, forms of individual, communal, and collective identification were locally negotiated by ordinary people, at a time when nationalisms transformed and apparently strengthened identities based primarily on religious affiliation. The ways to share space, to organize economic networks, or to negotiate matrimonial strategies, religious conversions, worship places, and ritual practices are explored to ask if interactions may belong to a collective identity that transcends boundaries between religious groups.

Türkçe özeti:
Bu çalışma Tanzimat’ın başlangıcından (1839) Türk-Yunan Nüfus Mübadele-si (1923) arasındaki dönemde Ortodoks Hristiyanlar (Rumlar) ile Müslümanlar arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Araştırmanın odak noktası Kapadokya bölgesinde (Kayseri, Niğde, Nevşehir ve Aksaray şehirleri ve çevrelerindeki kırsal bölgeler) yer alan köy ve kasabalarda yaşayan Türkçe veya Rumca konuşan Ortodoks Hristiyan toplumları ile aynı yerleşim yerlerini paylaşan veya yakınlarda olan köylerde yaşayan Müslüman nüfus arasındaki etkileşimlerini içermektedir. Bu araştırmanın sormuş olduğu soru ilk görünüşe göre öncelikle dini eğilimlere dayalı bir milliyetçiliğin güçlendiği bir zamanda, kırsal bağlamda, bireysel, toplumsal ve kolektif kimlik formlarının yerel olarak, sıradan insanlar tarafından nasıl müzakere edildiğini sormaktadır. Ayrıca, paylaşılan ortak alanlar, ekonomik ağları organize etme, evlilik stratejileri, dini dönüşümleri, ibadet yerleri ve ritüel uygulamaları ile dini gruplar arasındaki sınırları aşan bir kolektif kimlik bilincinin olabileceğini incelemiştir.

Workshop: ANR Neoreligitur, Reenchantment in a Secularized Muslim Country? Geography, Locality a... more Workshop: ANR Neoreligitur, Reenchantment in a Secularized Muslim Country? Geography, Locality and Location, Orient-Institut, Istanbul, 2015

Journée d'étude turque du CETOBAC : Les régions en turcologie et la turcologie en région, EHESS, ... more Journée d'étude turque du CETOBAC : Les régions en turcologie et la turcologie en région, EHESS, Paris, 2016

Journée d'étude : Du pillage à la conscience patrimoniale en Grèce et dans l'Empire ottoman, Musé... more Journée d'étude : Du pillage à la conscience patrimoniale en Grèce et dans l'Empire ottoman, Musée d'histoire de l'Université nationale et capodistrienne d'Athènes, Athènes, 2017.

En 1927 est créé le Musée des Antiquités d'Izmir avec à sa tête Aziz Ogan (1888-1956), archéologue formé à la Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi d'Istanbul, proche d'Osman Hamdi Bey. Ogan est nommé inspecteur des antiquités de la région d'Izmir en 1913. Mobilisé en 1914, il ne retrouve son poste à Izmir qu'en 1922 en raison de l'occupation de la ville par les Grecs. A Izmir, il contrôle les fouilles de la région égéenne (Pergame, Ephèse, Didymes, Téos, etc.), est en charge de créer le musée des Antiquités d'Izmir et fonde l'Association des Amis des Antiquités (Asarı Atika Muhipleri Cemiyeti).

Basée sur des archives personnelles inédites conservées à la Boğaziçi University et contenant des documents administratifs et échanges épistolaires entre Ogan et des archéologues européens (Y. Béquignon, A. Laumonier, T. Wiegand, J. Keil…) de la période 1910-1940, cette proposition sort du cadre chronologique de la journée d'étude puisqu'elle s'intéresse à la période charnière du passage de l'empire à la république. L'intérêt est ici d'analyser les suites de l'Asar-ı Atika Nizamnamesi de 1884, à une période clé pour les politiques de protection du patrimoine d'Asie mineure. On s'intéressera au rôle d'Ogan dans l'élaboration d'une conscience patrimoniale en Turquie, à son contrôle sur les fouilles dirigées par des Occidentaux, aux rapports entre les services turcs et les archéologues étrangers et à la lutte contre la déprédation et le trafic d'artéfacts.

Workshop: Rethinking the Long Nineteenth Century in the Ottoman Empire, University of Oxford, 2013.

Journée d'étude : Sociétés urbaines méditerranéennes et levantines. Histoire et anthropologie, IN... more Journée d'étude : Sociétés urbaines méditerranéennes et levantines. Histoire et anthropologie, INALCO, Paris, 2013.

Journée d'étude du programme GDRI - APOCOPE, IFEA, Istanbul, 2014

Workshop: Religious Circulation, Adaptation and Invention in Central- and South-East Anatolia, Ru... more Workshop: Religious Circulation, Adaptation and Invention in Central- and South-East Anatolia, Ruhr Üniversität, Bochum, 2016

In this episode, we consider the story of the Tanzimat reforms from the perspective of rural Capp... more In this episode, we consider the story of the Tanzimat reforms from the perspective of rural Cappadocia, a region in central Anatolia now famous as a tourist destination. In the nineteenth century, Cappadocia was home not only to the Muslim subjects who made up the majority of Anatolia's population but to a large population of Orthodox Christians as well. How did these communities experience the Tanzimat period and how did their relationships to each other and to the state change between 1839 and the demise of the Ottoman Empire?

"The First Century of Photography: Photography as History/ Historicizing Photography in Ottoman t... more "The First Century of Photography: Photography as History/ Historicizing Photography in Ottoman territories (1839 — 1939)" workshop organized by Bogazici University Archives and Document Center, RCAC (Research Center for Anatolian Civilization), and IFEA (Institut Francais d l Études Anatoliennes), İstanbul, 19-20-21 June, 2018.

The “History of Technology in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Cities at the turn of the 20th century” wo... more The “History of Technology in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Cities at the turn of the 20th century” workshop, which will be held on 24th-25th of May 2018, aims to foster fruitful and provocative encounters among diverse scholars who would like to contribute the history of technology with different areas of expertise, concentrations, perspectives, and approaches. The workshop focuses on the time period between 1870 and 1940 when the technological novelties and their mutual interactions with society and culture played a crucial role in transforming the built environment of the Ottoman and post-Ottoman cities. It thematically engages with the relationship of technology to infrastructure, economics, political structures, production, industrial progress, scientific knowledge and consumption/material culture. While the public talks will be given by Francesca Bray and Darina Martykánová at ANAMED Auditorium on the 24th of May (registration not required), the workshop panels will be held in the IFEA Conference Room on the 25th of May and attendance to the workshop panels requires registration (http://www.ifea-istanbul.net/).

Science and Technology Studies (STS) offers some powerful tools for understanding history. Here I... more Science and Technology Studies (STS) offers some powerful tools for understanding history. Here I use the STS concepts of technological landscape and technological culture to explore China's rise from 19 th -century technoscientific "backwardness" to 21 st -

Imaging and Imagining Palestine: Photography, Modernity and the Biblical Lens, 1918–1948 , 2021