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Publications by Maria Shinoto

Blickpunkt Archäologie, 2016

Introduction and update to the research projects in the Sue Kiln Site Cluster at Nakadake Sanroku... more Introduction and update to the research projects in the Sue Kiln Site Cluster at Nakadake Sanroku, South Japan with new results from 2016. -- Shinoto and Nakamura, in German.

European Journal of Mineralogy, 2016

This contribution examines the melting behaviour of feldspar clasts in 9th century CE Sue ware fr... more This contribution examines the melting behaviour of feldspar clasts in 9th century CE Sue ware from the Nakadake Sanroku kiln site, Kagoshima prefecture (Kyūshū), southern Japan. Sue ware is stoneware of typical grey to brownish-grey appearance fired at high temperature; its surfaces may be untreated or covered by natural ash glaze. Firing was performed in sloping single-chamber tunnel kilns at reducing conditions and temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Set in a vitrified matrix (glass, mullite, minor spinel and cristobalite), quartz and feldspar constitute ubiquitous clast components. The varying degree of vitrification (15–60 wt.% glass phase) and reversely correlated modal proportions of quartz and feldspar clasts likely reflect superposed effects of varying exposure time to peak-firing temperature and temperature gradients in the kilns. ...

Main Author: Michael RAITH,
Co-Authors: Hoffbauer, Radegund; Spiering, Beate; Shinoto, Maria; Nakamura, Naoko

Kumamoto Kofun Kenkyū (Kumamoto Kofun Research), 2015

Explanation of the data model and classification -- theory, process, and results, an ontology of ... more Explanation of the data model and classification -- theory, process, and results, an ontology of iconographic elements, and two extended tables: (1) 885 tombs and related information, (2) iconographic elements and related tombs. This is the most comprehensive and structured data set of Japanese "sōshoku kofun". -- In Japanese.

**The scan is not the best, please contact me if you need better quality.**

What is Nariakawa Pottery? (Narikawa-shiki doki-tte nan da?), 2015

Raw materials of Narikawa pottery from the Tsujidōbaru Site as revealed by archaeological observa... more Raw materials of Narikawa pottery from the Tsujidōbaru Site as revealed by archaeological observation, geological prospection and mineralogical analyses, and their varied processing stages and mixtures for the production of various earthenware. -- In Japanese.

Complete excavation report from 2015 with contributions in Japanese and English. Editors: Nakam... more Complete excavation report from 2015 with contributions in Japanese and English.
Editors: Nakamura N., Shinoto M.

Please download from this Permalink: http://hdl.handle.net/10232/23138

Studies on the Nakadake Sanroku Kiln Site Cluster, 2015

Research History and historical background of the Nakadake Sunroku Kiln Site Cluster and summary ... more Research History and historical background of the Nakadake Sunroku Kiln Site Cluster and summary of results from excavation, prospections and analyses between 2012 and 2015. In Japanese and English.

Studies on the Nakadake Sanroku Kiln Site Cluster, 2015

Introduction to the variety of methods applied to varied research questions posed on the findings... more Introduction to the variety of methods applied to varied research questions posed on the findings at Nakadake Kiln Site Cluster with emphasis on consistent and cooperative adaptation of research design (agile research). Co-Authors: KANEGAE Ken'ichi, NAKAMURA Naoko. -- In Japanese

Nihon Kōkogaku (Journal of the Japanese Archaeological Association), 2012

Short introduction to the theory of classification, cata modelling and aoristic approach to chron... more Short introduction to the theory of classification, cata modelling and aoristic approach to chronology and their application on sōshoku kofun (Kofun period burial mounds and their iconography). Focus on chronology. -- In Japanese with English abstract.

Kagoshima Kōko, 2012

Concept of pottery form, name, function and size and its detection in two main forms of the Narik... more Concept of pottery form, name, function and size and its detection in two main forms of the Narikawa pottery over several size classes with statistical methods. -- In Japanese.

Theory of archaeological classification and the interrelation of perception, knowledge, interest ... more Theory of archaeological classification and the interrelation of perception, knowledge, interest and documentation; with a case study on Narikawa pottery from the Tsujidōbaru site in South Kyūshū. -- In German.

Von Bauern, Beamten und Banditen, 2008

The relation of biological and cultural traits to ethnic identity and their applicability to arch... more The relation of biological and cultural traits to ethnic identity and their applicability to archaeological pottery groups discussed on the ground of Luigi Cavalli-Sforza's work on "Genes, Peoples, and Languages" with Narikawa pottery and the Hayato as an example. -- In German.

Kumpf, Kalotte, Pfeilschaftglätter: Zwei Leben für die Archäologie, 2008

Statistical extraction of vessel volumina from rim sherds and the establishment of volume classes... more Statistical extraction of vessel volumina from rim sherds and the establishment of volume classes/size variations with relation to mental (size or name) templates and functions like transport, service or storage. -- In German.

Archaeological Informatics: Pushing the Envelope CAA2001 Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 2001

The hard- and software equipment is shortly introduced. Basic theoretical ideas about observations, properties and attributes and their significance for classification shall explain the structure of the 'artefact area' of the data base with respect to statistical, archaeological and technological standards. Two representative examples of application from the case study inJapan are presented.

Archäologisches Nachrichtenblatt, 2004

Short introduction from 2004 to the doctoral dissertation "Wege der Keramikklassifikation", publi... more Short introduction from 2004 to the doctoral dissertation "Wege der Keramikklassifikation", published 2008. -- In German.

Archaeological Informatics: Pushing the Envelope CAA2001 Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 2001

Development of a 3D measurement application for objects and building structures of various sizes.

Applied Mineralogy in Research, Economy, Technology, Ecology and Culture (ICAM 2000), 2000

The pottery of Ancient Japan is supposed to have been produced on a low technological level as fa... more The pottery of Ancient Japan is supposed to have been produced on a low technological level as far as firing is concerned. The authors investigated sherds of a settlement site in South Japan, which showed a great variability in fabric due to uncontrolled production technology. We tried to classify fabric groups and to find out differences in the production process based on the different fabrics. These differences originate in the stage of collecting, preparing and mixing clay and temper rather than in the stage of firing. At least 3 groups could be detected with means of archaeological observation. They were confirmed and their formation process could be explained by mineralogical investigation mainly based on methods like sieving, observation with a binocular, XRF and XRD analysis. Different slips could be classified, their formation is explained on a yet hypothetical level.

Hoffbauer & Shinoto, in English.

Jinruishi Kenkyū, 2000

Japanese with English Summary: The production process of the Nariakawa type pottery from the ... more Japanese with English Summary:

The production process of the Nariakawa type pottery from the Tsujidobaru site was mvestigated with archaeological and mineralogical methods. Archaeologically, 3 fabric groups could be detected. Among these, the "seisei nendo", already well known in Japanese research, could be divided into 2 subgroups. The mineralogical investigations supported the archaeological observation and could explain the development of the fabric groups mainly with intentional processing of the temper. Red slip was divided in 2 ideal types with numberless intermediate stages. The differences origmate in
different amounts of hematite possibly from 2 different sources, the sand from the nearby dune and a yet unknown source that was accessible to other places in South Kyushu as well.

AVA Beiträge, 1996

Summary of an international symposium on the relations of Yamato with surrounding states and soci... more Summary of an international symposium on the relations of Yamato with surrounding states and societies, held in Bonn, Germany in 1992. In German.

Theses by Maria Shinoto

Habilitationsschrift der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2012

Tombs of the Japanese Kofun period are sometimes more less carefully decorated with a set of icon... more Tombs of the Japanese Kofun period are sometimes more less carefully decorated with a set of iconography that is typical for the Japanese islands only but becomes mixed with contintental ideas until the 7th century. Japanese research on this archaeological group is abundant but exclusively qualitative.

This paper tries to put the detailed insights into a larger framework and make sense of changes over time and space with mixed and quantitative methods: Relational Data Modelling, Classification based on the principal of "Natural Classification" as known from Biology, and statistics. A model for the relation to the continent and the development and decline of this find group is suggested.

Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde Vorgelegt an der Philosophischen Fakultät d... more Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde
Vorgelegt an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg

see URL

Blickpunkt Archäologie, 2016

European Journal of Mineralogy, 2016

Main Author: Michael RAITH,
Co-Authors: Hoffbauer, Radegund; Spiering, Beate; Shinoto, Maria; Nakamura, Naoko

Kumamoto Kofun Kenkyū (Kumamoto Kofun Research), 2015

**The scan is not the best, please contact me if you need better quality.**

What is Nariakawa Pottery? (Narikawa-shiki doki-tte nan da?), 2015

Please download from this Permalink: http://hdl.handle.net/10232/23138

Studies on the Nakadake Sanroku Kiln Site Cluster, 2015

Nihon Kōkogaku (Journal of the Japanese Archaeological Association), 2012

Kagoshima Kōko, 2012

Von Bauern, Beamten und Banditen, 2008

Kumpf, Kalotte, Pfeilschaftglätter: Zwei Leben für die Archäologie, 2008

Archaeological Informatics: Pushing the Envelope CAA2001 Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 2001

Archäologisches Nachrichtenblatt, 2004

Archaeological Informatics: Pushing the Envelope CAA2001 Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 2001

Development of a 3D measurement application for objects and building structures of various sizes.

Applied Mineralogy in Research, Economy, Technology, Ecology and Culture (ICAM 2000), 2000

Hoffbauer & Shinoto, in English.

Jinruishi Kenkyū, 2000

Japanese with English Summary: The production process of the Nariakawa type pottery from the ... more Japanese with English Summary:

AVA Beiträge, 1996

Habilitationsschrift der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2012

see URL

MA Thesis, Japanese Studies, Bonn, 1990

Master thesis summarizing the state of "Hayato Archaeology" in South Japan as of 1990. -- In German.

AVA Beiträge, 1996

Introduction to the classical "Hayato Archaeology": Mythology and early historical sources and th... more Introduction to the classical "Hayato Archaeology": Mythology and early historical sources and their relation to archaeological findings (burials, pottery, weapons) reflect an increasing influence of the emerging Japanese state in South Kyūshū. -- Translation from Japanese to German.

Studies on the Nakadake Kiln Site Cluster, 2015

Summary of the protocol in German from 24 September 2014. Authors: Holger Becker, Georg Hartke... more Summary of the protocol in German from 24 September 2014.

Authors: Holger Becker, Georg Hartke, Ute Knipprath;
English Summary by M. Shinoto

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 12, 2023

Archaeopress Publishing Ltd eBooks, Sep 2, 2019

Archaeometry, 2020

A set of 20 vessels was selected from the Japanese National Historical Site 'Kamuiyaki Kiln Site ... more A set of 20 vessels was selected from the Japanese National Historical Site 'Kamuiyaki Kiln Site Cluster'. Selection was performed with explicit archaeological problems and the potential of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in mind. The set was analysed by INAA and subsequent statistical data analysis adapted to the specific problems of ceramics and applied for the first time in Kamuiyaki. Chemical fingerprinting allowed the a priori separation of the set of samples into two chemically distinct groups that had a clear correlation with the archaeological and chronological data. This indicates that at least two different recipes or sediments were used in the cluster, which can now be identified among the several hundred external sites where sherds are recorded as supposedly produced at Kamuiyaki.

Archaeological Prospection

LiDAR data have become indispensable for research in archaeology and a variety of other topograph... more LiDAR data have become indispensable for research in archaeology and a variety of other topographic applications. To derive products (e.g. digital terrain or feature models, individual trees, buildings), the 3D LiDAR points representing the desired objects of interest within the acquired and georeferenced point cloud need to be identified. This process is known as classification, where each individual point is assigned to an object class. In archaeological prospection, classification focuses on identifying the object class 'ground points'. These are used to interpolate digital terrain models exposing the microtopography of a terrain to be able to identify and map archaeological and palaeoenvironmental features. Setting up such classifi

Archaeological Prospection, 2022

This paper presents the steps of development and three examples of different scale: A small find,... more This paper presents the steps of development and three examples of different scale: A small find, a burial during excavation and a large stair case from the site ofTiryns.

Vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen werden neue Wege der archaol... more Vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen werden neue Wege der archaologischen Arbeit mit Keramik grundsatzlich untersucht und an einer reprasentativen Irdenware getestet. -- Anlas war die Erforschung der Narikawa-Keramik, einer noch wenig verstandenen Irdenware aus Sudjapan. Es ist die unter schlecht kontrollierten Bedingungen hergestellte Gebrauchskeramik einer Volksgruppe (Hayato) am Rand des entstehenden japanischen Staates (Yamato-Staat), die alte Formen konservativ weiter fuhrt und sich uber 4 Jh. (3. bis 7. Jh.?) kaum zu entwickeln scheint. Wenig spezialisierte Gefasformen und grose Variabilitat der einzelnen Stucke neben grosem Fundaufkommen stellen hohe Anforderungen an Fundaufnahme, Dokumentation, Klassifikation. -- Der Hauptteil der Arbeit behandelt diese Bereiche grundlegend und allgemeingultig unter folgenden Gesichtspunkten: (1) Standardisierte und spontane Fotografie statt Zeichnung; (2) Grosenmessung, Formbestimmung und Gefasteilbestimmung ...

European Journal of Mineralogy, 2016

This contribution examines the melting behaviour of feldspar clasts in 9 th century CE Sue ware f... more This contribution examines the melting behaviour of feldspar clasts in 9 th century CE Sue ware from the Nakadake Sanroku kiln site, Kagoshima prefecture (Kyūshū), southern Japan. Sue ware is stoneware of typical grey to brownish-grey appearance fired at high temperature; its surfaces may be untreated or covered by natural ash glaze. Firing was performed in sloping single-chamber tunnel kilns at reducing conditions and temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. Set in a vitrified matrix (glass, mullite, minor spinel and cristobalite), quartz and feldspar constitute ubiquitous clast components. The varying degree of vitrification (15–60 wt.% glass phase) and reversely correlated modal proportions of quartz and feldspar clasts likely reflect superposed effects of varying exposure time to peak-firing temperature and temperature gradients in the kilns. Sodic plagioclase clasts (An 18-25 ) melted congruently, producing sieve-textured domains of vitreous phase and residual calcic plagioclase, while calcic plagioclase clasts (An 35-63 ) were dissolved incongruently by reaction with matrix melt, generating narrow vitreous rims embedding residual calcic plagioclase laths at the immediate contact with the host plagioclase and acicular mullite towards the ceramic matrix. Elevated Fe, Mg, and K contents of the melt phase with development of concentration gradients indicate bi-directional diffusive element transfer between reaction domains and the ceramic matrix. Melting phenomena of alkali feldspar clasts, depending on the intensity of vitrification, range from few micrometre-thin vitreous margins to completely melted blistered clasts. With advanced melting, pronounced chemical zonations are developed with continuous gradation from potassic core compositions (Or 90-80 Ab 10-20 An ) to sodic compositions (Or 68-51 Ab 30-46 An 2-3 ) in domains adjoining the vitreous domain. The chemically homogeneous vitreous phase retains the 1:3 Al:Si-stoichiometry of the feldspar framework, whereas K and Na are depleted and Ca, Fe and Mg enriched relative to the precursor feldspar. These findings demonstrate that (1) alkali feldspar clasts did not melt through eutectic reaction with silica/quartz nor via the incongruent reaction K-feldspar → leucite + liquid; (2) melting was initiated by diffusive K-Na exchange with the matrix, thereby shifting the pristine clast compositions towards the thermal minimum (Or 40 Ab 60 ) in the Ab-Or-An ternary system; (3) while sodic marginal domains (Or 68-51 Ab 30-46 An 2-3 ) melted congruently, residual core domains (Or 75-66 Ab 24-33 An 1 ) melted incongruently producing micrometre-scale intergrowths of skeletal plagioclase and melt; (4) melting involved diffusive cation exchange through a quasi-stationary aluminosilicate framework, viz . influx of Ca + Fe + Mg to the feldspar melt domains and concomitant release of the fluxing components K + Na to the ceramic matrix. The evaluation of feldspar melting phenomena suggests firing temperatures did not exceed ca . 1150 °C.

In May 2018, Lidar data was acquired in a densely vegetated test area in southern Japan with the ... more In May 2018, Lidar data was acquired in a densely vegetated test area in southern Japan with the aim of detecting Sue kiln sites, that date back in the 9 th century. In the region including the test area, several surveys as well as an excavation recorded evidence of such sites in recent years. As the densely forested, mountainous topography complicates any ground based archaeological investigations, airborne Lidar was considered the method of choice for surveying the area. This is the first study of this kind in Japan. The company that acquired the Lidar data also provided lists of ground points. Initial interpolations and visualisations relied on these lists; later the program SCOP++ was applied for generating digital terrain models based on alternative ground point selection strategies. The results of several approaches for visualising and analysing the Lidar data sets will be presented and discussed. For visualisations, mainly low-cost or free software was applied, including GIS software, the Relief Visualisation Toolbox (RVT), and planlauf/TERRAIN for 3D virtual flights. Additional GIS approaches for analysing the data are presented: (1) contour maps that assist navigation in the field, (2) a density map of ground points allows assessing the reliability of the Lidar visualisations, (3) cross sections are useful for validating the features recognized and measuring their depth or height, and (4) slope maps support delimiting manmade terraces, identifying platforms and are an important input for deductive predictive modelling of Sue kiln sites. The work of mapping probable kiln locations detected in the LiDAR data and verifying these sites by traditional prospection methods is still in progress. Only after reliably identifying a large number of Sue kilns in the test area, approaches such as predictive modelling or machine learning may be applied for locating additional kilns in this region.

Evolutionary Human Sciences

Hunter-gatherer occupations of small islands are rare in world prehistory and it is widely accept... more Hunter-gatherer occupations of small islands are rare in world prehistory and it is widely accepted that island settlement is facilitated by agriculture. The Ryukyu Islands contradict that understanding on two counts: not only did they have a long history of hunter-gatherer settlement, they also have a very late date for the onset of agriculture, which only reached the archipelago between the 8th and 13th centuries AD. Here, we combine archaeology and linguistics to propose a tripartite model for the spread of agriculture and Ryukyuan languages to the Ryukyu Islands. Employing demographic growth, trade/piracy and the political influence of neighbouring states, this model provides a synthetic yet flexible understanding of farming/language dispersals in the Ryukyus within the complex historical background of medieval East Asia.

Short introduction from 2004 to the doctoral dissertation "Wege der Keramikklassifikatio... more Short introduction from 2004 to the doctoral dissertation "Wege der Keramikklassifikation", published 2008. -- In German.

For a study of sites and artefacts in a small region of South Japan, the author developed a combi... more For a study of sites and artefacts in a small region of South Japan, the author developed a combination of photography and a relational data base that provides tools for data input, analysis, output and manipulation. New results from analysis in the course of an investigation can change research design within the data base continuously. At the same time the structure is kept consistent. The most efficient part of the data base in this sense is the 'artefact area' with its flexible treatment of artefacts, attributes and classes. The present article focuses on this aspect. The hardand software equipment is shortly introduced. Basic theoretical ideas about observations, properties and attributes and their significance for classification shall explain the structure of the 'artefact area ' of the data base with respect to statistical, archaeological and technological standards. Two representative examples of application from the casestudy in Japan are presented.

Museen der Stadt Wien, Stadtarchäologie (Hrsg.): Monumental Computations: Digital archaeology of large urban and underground infrastructures, Heidelberg: Propylaeum, 2021 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies, Vienna, Band 24), 2021