Rudolf Schopf | Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (original) (raw)
Papers by Rudolf Schopf
Human � 1h globulin and C3b stimulate the respiratory burst in human monocytes
Mol Immunol, 1982
Josamycin Concentration in Human Ejaculate and its Influence on Sperm Motility/Josamycinkonzentrationsbestimmung in menschlichem Ejakulat und deren Einfluß auf die Spermienmotilität: - A Contribution to Antibiotic Therapy in Andrological Patients -/- ein Beitrag zur Antibiotikatherapie bei androl...
Andrologia, 2009
The concentration of josamycin was determined in the split ejaculate of 5 volunteers after oral a... more The concentration of josamycin was determined in the split ejaculate of 5 volunteers after oral administration for several days. One aim of this investigation was to examine the penetration of the macrolide antibiotic into the prostate and the seminal vesicles. 2.23 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml josamycin was found in fraction I of the ejaculate, consisting mostly of prostatic secretion, and 1.56 +/- 1.37 micrograms/ml josamycin in fraction II comprising mainly secretions from the seminal vesicles. The concentrations of josamycin found in both fractions of the ejaculate are clearly comparable with serum levels of the antibiotic. Josamycin thus attains concentrations in the prostate and seminal vesicles which are effective against Mycoplasma and Chlamydia, pathogens of increasing importance in infections of the urogenital tract. In vitro studies on samples from 30 andrological patients showed that josamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) did not impair, but even increased the motility of spermatozoa (p less than or equal to 0.01). On the basis of these results josamycin is recommended for the treatment of andrological patients. In particular, the specific antibacterial spectrum also indicates the use of this antibiotic for treatment of the partner when children are desired. The usual precautionary measures for pregnancy must then be adhered to.
Characterization of epidermal T-cells in psoriasis
J Dermatological Sci, 1998
Effect of human C3/C3b and � 1H on murine and human lymphocytes and phagocytes, a comparison
Mol Immunol, 1982
Immunology
We tested whether highly purified human #1 H and C3b, two proteins of the alternative pathway of ... more We tested whether highly purified human #1 H and C3b, two proteins of the alternative pathway of complement activation, could exert an influence on the activity ofhuman monocytes (M+). The activation process of MO was assessed by measurements of the respiratory burst in terms of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and by chemiluminescence (CL) tests. In NBT reduction experiments, we found a tendency for /31H to increase NBT reduction, while C3b was found to be rather inhibitory. In CL measurements, both /31H and C3b displayed a stimulatory effect on MO, showing different time-and dose-dependency. For #IlH, the maximum stimulation occurred after 15 min, whereas for C3b after 45 min. Zymosan particles which served as a positive control also showed the highest stimulation after 45 min. In dose-response experiments, P1H reached a plateau ranging from 30 to 80 ug/ml. In contrast, using C3b up to 170 pg/ml, no plateau was reached. MO-depletion and enrichment studies suggested at M4 as being responsible for the stimulatory effects found.
Control of the reduction of oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes by beta-adrenergic receptors. J. Immunopharmacology 5, 203-216
Journal of immunopharmacology
ABSTRACT
[Changes in the chemoluminescence behavior of micro- and macrophages in psoriasis: more than just an epiphenomenon?]
H& G Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten
Based on previous in vitro examinations, we compared different stimuli eliciting a "resp... more Based on previous in vitro examinations, we compared different stimuli eliciting a "respiratory burst" in phagocytes of patients with psoriasis and controls. - Measurements were performed be chemiluminescence (CL). - The results show similar CL in resting phagocytes. Upon stimulation, psoriatic macrophages display augmented CL with aggregated immunoglobulin (aggIg), zymosan (Z), and opsonized zymosan (C3b), macrophages with aggIg, Z, phorbol myristate acetate, and concanavalin A. - The capability for increased phagocytic CL in psoriasis may be modulated by different cell membrane receptors. Changes in the metabolism of arachidonic acid analogous to those encountered in psoriatic epidermis may be responsible for the augmented CL in psoriasis.
[Suppression of phagocyte function by seminal plasma: possible predisposition for AIDS]
Der Hautarzt
A pathogenic retrovirus (HTLV-III) has recently been isolated in the seminal plasma (SP) of patie... more A pathogenic retrovirus (HTLV-III) has recently been isolated in the seminal plasma (SP) of patients with AIDS. In order to test whether SP may influence non-specific immunity we compared the influence of SP on the phagocytic release of lysozyme, chemotaxis and chemiluminescence. SP inhibited the release of lysozyme from granulocytes in a log-linear fashion; incubation with undiluted SP resulted in about 50% inhibition. Chemotaxis of granulocytes remained stable under the influence of SP. Chemiluminescence of both granulocytes and monocytes was completely blocked by undiluted SP; 1000-fold dilutions still caused an inhibition of about 20%. The separation of SP by column chromatography yielded fractions with a molecular weight of 10(4) to 2 X 10(4), 10(5) to 4 X 10(5) and greater than 10(6) inhibiting chemiluminescence. A cell-free chemiluminescent system showed the reduction of chemiluminescence to be based to a large extent on quenching of the photons generated. Our results indicate that SP possesses potent properties that suppress non-specific immunity, possibly an important predisposing factor to AIDS.
[Functional Fc receptor defect of granulocytes in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome]
Immunität und Infektion
A patient with Sjögren's syndrome exhibited markedly impaired stimulation of her granuloc... more A patient with Sjögren's syndrome exhibited markedly impaired stimulation of her granulocytes via Fc-receptors (FcR), four other stimuli elicited a normal chemiluminescent response. Unexpectedly, granulocytes of the control bore 39,000, of the patient, however, 86,000 FcR/granulocyte.
BMJ Clinical Research
Objective-To compare the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine and itraconazole in the treatme... more Objective-To compare the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine and itraconazole in the treatment oftoenail tinea unguium.
Ethanol enhances the mitogen-driven lymphocyte proliferation in patients with psoriasis
Acta Dermato Venereologica
Ethanol has been reported to exacerbate psoriasis. Since immunological mechanisms are considered ... more Ethanol has been reported to exacerbate psoriasis. Since immunological mechanisms are considered to be important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we compared the effects of ethanol on lymphocyte proliferation in 15 healthy control individuals and 15 patients with psoriasis. We employed the spontaneous and phytohemagglutin in (PHA)-induced uptake of 3H-TdR to measure lymphocyte proliferation. Ethanol was added to cultures at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 0.0005% (vol./vol.). We found that both spontaneous and PHA-driven lymphocyte proliferations were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis (P < 0.002). Spontaneous blastogenesis in both controls and patients remained stable under ethanol. In controls, ethanol suppressed the PHA-driven lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. By contrast, in patients with psoriasis ethanol significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation by 2-3 times (p < 0.002). Our data indicate that in psoriasis the lower lymphocyte transformation is abnormally enhanced by minimal doses of ethanol.
A xenograft model of human skin for L. major infection
Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
Association between Skin and Joint Involvement in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Adalimumab: Analysis of Data from a German Non-Interventional Study
Dermatology, 2015
The association between skin and joint manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) ... more The association between skin and joint manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires further characterization. We evaluated the association between severity of skin disease and joint involvement and the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in PsA patients by baseline psoriasis severity. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to evaluate data from 1,918 PsA patients starting adalimumab treatment. Subgroup analyses were conducted on patients empirically grouped by baseline target lesion score as a marker of psoriasis severity. Psoriasis severity was not associated with joint manifestations at baseline or after 12 months of treatment. All subgroups showed improvements in skin and joints during therapy, and adalimumab was safe and well tolerated in all subgroups. The severity of skin manifestations does not correlate with the severity of joint disease in PsA patients; even patients with mild skin disease may have extensive musculoskeletal involvement. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Original Article
Mycoses, 1999
ABSTRACT
Molecular Immunology, 1982
Molecular Immunology, 1982
BlH globulin (flH) is a regulator protein in serum of the alternative pathway of complement activ... more BlH globulin (flH) is a regulator protein in serum of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Based on recent findings, pointing toward the presence of @lH binding sites on lymphoid and phagocytic cells, we asked whether human monocytes (Me) could be affected by81 H.
Molecular Immunology, 1982
The effect of human C31C3b and/3lH on murine spleen lymphocytes (MSL) and phagocytes (MSP) as wel... more The effect of human C31C3b and/3lH on murine spleen lymphocytes (MSL) and phagocytes (MSP) as well as on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) and phagocytes (HPBP) was examined. MSL could be stimulated by/3 1H (optimal effect at 400 uglml) but not by C31C3b to form blast like cells from B-lymphocytes and to incorporate 3H-thymidine (Hammann et al. lmmunobiology
Treatment of psoriasis with the chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor α, infliximab
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2002
Psoriatic skin lesions in patients with Crohn's disease or psoriatic arthritis have shown... more Psoriatic skin lesions in patients with Crohn's disease or psoriatic arthritis have shown improvement during infliximab treatment. The purpose of our study was to systematically assess the effects of infliximab in patients with psoriatic skin lesions. Eight patients with severe psoriasis were enrolled in an open-label clinical trial. Patients received infliximab, 5 mg/kg, intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to monitor disease activity at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14. Week 10 was the end point of the treatment phase; week 14 was the follow-up end point. Pruritus was assessed on a scale of 0 to 3. Histologic sections were prepared from biopsy specimens of uninvolved skin and of psoriatic lesions at weeks 0, 1, and 10 to measure epidermal thickness with the use of a microscopic micrometer grid. The PASI diminished from 21.8 +/- 4.2 (mean +/- SE) at week 0 to 3.4 +/- 2.0 at week 10, corresponding to 10.7% +/- 4.3% of the original values (100%); on follow-up at week 14, the PASI was 7.1 +/- 2.7 (or still 33.3% +/- 11.3% of the values at week 0). Pruritus decreased from 2.5 +/- 0.26 at week 0 to 0.43 +/- 0.2 at week 10 and to 0.83 +/- 11.3 at week 14. Likewise, epidermal thickness (acanthosis) tended to normalize from 0.41 +/- 0.06 mm at week 0 to 0.14 +/- 0.02 mm at week 10. No adverse effects other than fatigue during infusion on some occasions were reported. Although psoriasis tends to recur beyond 2 months of the infusions, this open study provides evidence that infliximab is an effective treatment.
A macrophage-suppressing 40-kD protein in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Klinische Wochenschrift, 1987
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Macrophage dysfunctio... more Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Macrophage dysfunctions are claimed to be involved in the pathogenesis. We investigated phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. These cells phagocytize normally and phagocytizable stimulants cause a normal oxidative burst. In response to the membrane signals phorbolmyristate acetate and aggregated immunoglobulin, however, no stimulated turnover of the oxidative metabolism can be observed. A 40-kD protein found in the lavage fluid mediates this macrophage-inhibiting effect. This phenomenon may contribute to the frequent opportunistic infections seen in PAP patients. It can be concluded from our data that the high frequency of infections with opportunistic species in these patients can be reduced by therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage. By this procedure the abnormal macrophage-suppressing protein can be washed out of the lung at an early stage of the disease.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1990
Human � 1h globulin and C3b stimulate the respiratory burst in human monocytes
Mol Immunol, 1982
Josamycin Concentration in Human Ejaculate and its Influence on Sperm Motility/Josamycinkonzentrationsbestimmung in menschlichem Ejakulat und deren Einfluß auf die Spermienmotilität: - A Contribution to Antibiotic Therapy in Andrological Patients -/- ein Beitrag zur Antibiotikatherapie bei androl...
Andrologia, 2009
The concentration of josamycin was determined in the split ejaculate of 5 volunteers after oral a... more The concentration of josamycin was determined in the split ejaculate of 5 volunteers after oral administration for several days. One aim of this investigation was to examine the penetration of the macrolide antibiotic into the prostate and the seminal vesicles. 2.23 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml josamycin was found in fraction I of the ejaculate, consisting mostly of prostatic secretion, and 1.56 +/- 1.37 micrograms/ml josamycin in fraction II comprising mainly secretions from the seminal vesicles. The concentrations of josamycin found in both fractions of the ejaculate are clearly comparable with serum levels of the antibiotic. Josamycin thus attains concentrations in the prostate and seminal vesicles which are effective against Mycoplasma and Chlamydia, pathogens of increasing importance in infections of the urogenital tract. In vitro studies on samples from 30 andrological patients showed that josamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) did not impair, but even increased the motility of spermatozoa (p less than or equal to 0.01). On the basis of these results josamycin is recommended for the treatment of andrological patients. In particular, the specific antibacterial spectrum also indicates the use of this antibiotic for treatment of the partner when children are desired. The usual precautionary measures for pregnancy must then be adhered to.
Characterization of epidermal T-cells in psoriasis
J Dermatological Sci, 1998
Effect of human C3/C3b and � 1H on murine and human lymphocytes and phagocytes, a comparison
Mol Immunol, 1982
Immunology
We tested whether highly purified human #1 H and C3b, two proteins of the alternative pathway of ... more We tested whether highly purified human #1 H and C3b, two proteins of the alternative pathway of complement activation, could exert an influence on the activity ofhuman monocytes (M+). The activation process of MO was assessed by measurements of the respiratory burst in terms of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and by chemiluminescence (CL) tests. In NBT reduction experiments, we found a tendency for /31H to increase NBT reduction, while C3b was found to be rather inhibitory. In CL measurements, both /31H and C3b displayed a stimulatory effect on MO, showing different time-and dose-dependency. For #IlH, the maximum stimulation occurred after 15 min, whereas for C3b after 45 min. Zymosan particles which served as a positive control also showed the highest stimulation after 45 min. In dose-response experiments, P1H reached a plateau ranging from 30 to 80 ug/ml. In contrast, using C3b up to 170 pg/ml, no plateau was reached. MO-depletion and enrichment studies suggested at M4 as being responsible for the stimulatory effects found.
Control of the reduction of oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes by beta-adrenergic receptors. J. Immunopharmacology 5, 203-216
Journal of immunopharmacology
ABSTRACT
[Changes in the chemoluminescence behavior of micro- and macrophages in psoriasis: more than just an epiphenomenon?]
H& G Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten
Based on previous in vitro examinations, we compared different stimuli eliciting a "resp... more Based on previous in vitro examinations, we compared different stimuli eliciting a "respiratory burst" in phagocytes of patients with psoriasis and controls. - Measurements were performed be chemiluminescence (CL). - The results show similar CL in resting phagocytes. Upon stimulation, psoriatic macrophages display augmented CL with aggregated immunoglobulin (aggIg), zymosan (Z), and opsonized zymosan (C3b), macrophages with aggIg, Z, phorbol myristate acetate, and concanavalin A. - The capability for increased phagocytic CL in psoriasis may be modulated by different cell membrane receptors. Changes in the metabolism of arachidonic acid analogous to those encountered in psoriatic epidermis may be responsible for the augmented CL in psoriasis.
[Suppression of phagocyte function by seminal plasma: possible predisposition for AIDS]
Der Hautarzt
A pathogenic retrovirus (HTLV-III) has recently been isolated in the seminal plasma (SP) of patie... more A pathogenic retrovirus (HTLV-III) has recently been isolated in the seminal plasma (SP) of patients with AIDS. In order to test whether SP may influence non-specific immunity we compared the influence of SP on the phagocytic release of lysozyme, chemotaxis and chemiluminescence. SP inhibited the release of lysozyme from granulocytes in a log-linear fashion; incubation with undiluted SP resulted in about 50% inhibition. Chemotaxis of granulocytes remained stable under the influence of SP. Chemiluminescence of both granulocytes and monocytes was completely blocked by undiluted SP; 1000-fold dilutions still caused an inhibition of about 20%. The separation of SP by column chromatography yielded fractions with a molecular weight of 10(4) to 2 X 10(4), 10(5) to 4 X 10(5) and greater than 10(6) inhibiting chemiluminescence. A cell-free chemiluminescent system showed the reduction of chemiluminescence to be based to a large extent on quenching of the photons generated. Our results indicate that SP possesses potent properties that suppress non-specific immunity, possibly an important predisposing factor to AIDS.
[Functional Fc receptor defect of granulocytes in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome]
Immunität und Infektion
A patient with Sjögren's syndrome exhibited markedly impaired stimulation of her granuloc... more A patient with Sjögren's syndrome exhibited markedly impaired stimulation of her granulocytes via Fc-receptors (FcR), four other stimuli elicited a normal chemiluminescent response. Unexpectedly, granulocytes of the control bore 39,000, of the patient, however, 86,000 FcR/granulocyte.
BMJ Clinical Research
Objective-To compare the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine and itraconazole in the treatme... more Objective-To compare the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine and itraconazole in the treatment oftoenail tinea unguium.
Ethanol enhances the mitogen-driven lymphocyte proliferation in patients with psoriasis
Acta Dermato Venereologica
Ethanol has been reported to exacerbate psoriasis. Since immunological mechanisms are considered ... more Ethanol has been reported to exacerbate psoriasis. Since immunological mechanisms are considered to be important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we compared the effects of ethanol on lymphocyte proliferation in 15 healthy control individuals and 15 patients with psoriasis. We employed the spontaneous and phytohemagglutin in (PHA)-induced uptake of 3H-TdR to measure lymphocyte proliferation. Ethanol was added to cultures at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 0.0005% (vol./vol.). We found that both spontaneous and PHA-driven lymphocyte proliferations were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis (P < 0.002). Spontaneous blastogenesis in both controls and patients remained stable under ethanol. In controls, ethanol suppressed the PHA-driven lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. By contrast, in patients with psoriasis ethanol significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation by 2-3 times (p < 0.002). Our data indicate that in psoriasis the lower lymphocyte transformation is abnormally enhanced by minimal doses of ethanol.
A xenograft model of human skin for L. major infection
Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
Association between Skin and Joint Involvement in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Adalimumab: Analysis of Data from a German Non-Interventional Study
Dermatology, 2015
The association between skin and joint manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) ... more The association between skin and joint manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires further characterization. We evaluated the association between severity of skin disease and joint involvement and the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in PsA patients by baseline psoriasis severity. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to evaluate data from 1,918 PsA patients starting adalimumab treatment. Subgroup analyses were conducted on patients empirically grouped by baseline target lesion score as a marker of psoriasis severity. Psoriasis severity was not associated with joint manifestations at baseline or after 12 months of treatment. All subgroups showed improvements in skin and joints during therapy, and adalimumab was safe and well tolerated in all subgroups. The severity of skin manifestations does not correlate with the severity of joint disease in PsA patients; even patients with mild skin disease may have extensive musculoskeletal involvement. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Original Article
Mycoses, 1999
ABSTRACT
Molecular Immunology, 1982
Molecular Immunology, 1982
BlH globulin (flH) is a regulator protein in serum of the alternative pathway of complement activ... more BlH globulin (flH) is a regulator protein in serum of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Based on recent findings, pointing toward the presence of @lH binding sites on lymphoid and phagocytic cells, we asked whether human monocytes (Me) could be affected by81 H.
Molecular Immunology, 1982
The effect of human C31C3b and/3lH on murine spleen lymphocytes (MSL) and phagocytes (MSP) as wel... more The effect of human C31C3b and/3lH on murine spleen lymphocytes (MSL) and phagocytes (MSP) as well as on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) and phagocytes (HPBP) was examined. MSL could be stimulated by/3 1H (optimal effect at 400 uglml) but not by C31C3b to form blast like cells from B-lymphocytes and to incorporate 3H-thymidine (Hammann et al. lmmunobiology
Treatment of psoriasis with the chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor α, infliximab
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2002
Psoriatic skin lesions in patients with Crohn's disease or psoriatic arthritis have shown... more Psoriatic skin lesions in patients with Crohn's disease or psoriatic arthritis have shown improvement during infliximab treatment. The purpose of our study was to systematically assess the effects of infliximab in patients with psoriatic skin lesions. Eight patients with severe psoriasis were enrolled in an open-label clinical trial. Patients received infliximab, 5 mg/kg, intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to monitor disease activity at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14. Week 10 was the end point of the treatment phase; week 14 was the follow-up end point. Pruritus was assessed on a scale of 0 to 3. Histologic sections were prepared from biopsy specimens of uninvolved skin and of psoriatic lesions at weeks 0, 1, and 10 to measure epidermal thickness with the use of a microscopic micrometer grid. The PASI diminished from 21.8 +/- 4.2 (mean +/- SE) at week 0 to 3.4 +/- 2.0 at week 10, corresponding to 10.7% +/- 4.3% of the original values (100%); on follow-up at week 14, the PASI was 7.1 +/- 2.7 (or still 33.3% +/- 11.3% of the values at week 0). Pruritus decreased from 2.5 +/- 0.26 at week 0 to 0.43 +/- 0.2 at week 10 and to 0.83 +/- 11.3 at week 14. Likewise, epidermal thickness (acanthosis) tended to normalize from 0.41 +/- 0.06 mm at week 0 to 0.14 +/- 0.02 mm at week 10. No adverse effects other than fatigue during infusion on some occasions were reported. Although psoriasis tends to recur beyond 2 months of the infusions, this open study provides evidence that infliximab is an effective treatment.
A macrophage-suppressing 40-kD protein in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Klinische Wochenschrift, 1987
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Macrophage dysfunctio... more Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Macrophage dysfunctions are claimed to be involved in the pathogenesis. We investigated phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. These cells phagocytize normally and phagocytizable stimulants cause a normal oxidative burst. In response to the membrane signals phorbolmyristate acetate and aggregated immunoglobulin, however, no stimulated turnover of the oxidative metabolism can be observed. A 40-kD protein found in the lavage fluid mediates this macrophage-inhibiting effect. This phenomenon may contribute to the frequent opportunistic infections seen in PAP patients. It can be concluded from our data that the high frequency of infections with opportunistic species in these patients can be reduced by therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage. By this procedure the abnormal macrophage-suppressing protein can be washed out of the lung at an early stage of the disease.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1990