Bilal Sulaiman | University of Abuja, Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Bilal Sulaiman

Sahel Medical Journal, 2016

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is employed when vaginal delivery is not feasible or hazardous ... more Background: Cesarean section (CS) is employed when vaginal delivery is not feasible or hazardous to the mother and/or her baby. The procedure, however, is not without risk. We determined the maternal and early neonatal outcomes of CS in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a 2-year cross-sectional study of all CS deliveries performed at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria, from July 01, 2009, to June 30, 2011. All patients who had CS at any time within the 24 h period were noted and followed up until discharge. The sociodemographic data, types of CS, anesthesia, indications, cadre of a surgeon, and feto-maternal outcomes were documented in a proforma. Statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI INFO 3.5.1 (CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Results: There were 4462 deliveries out of which 504 (11.3%) were by CS. The age range of the subjects was between 15 and 50 years, and the mean age was 28.7 (3.05) years. Most of the subjects 75.2% (379/504) were multigravida while the primigravida constituted 3.1% (16/504). CS was performed for emergency reasons in 57.1% (288/504) while elective CS constituted 42.9% (216/504) of cases. The most frequent indication for emergency CS was obstructed labor 25.7% (30/288) and previous CS 39.8% (86/216) for elective CS. There were 514 babies delivered during the study of which 98.1% (504/514) were singletons while 1.9% (10/514) was multiple gestations. The maternal complication rate was 13.3% (67/504), and the main complication was hemorrhage 59.7% (40/67). Complications were more frequent with emergency CS compared to elective surgery (Chi-square test [χ2 ] =6.633, df = 1, P < 0.01) and with junior compared to senior residents (χ2 = 15.9, df = 1, P < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between the fetal Apgar scores and the type of CS. The low 1 st and 5 th min Apgar scores were more frequent with emergency cases compared to elective CS (χ2 = 30.60, df = 1, P < 0.001; χ2 = 4.62.df = 1, P < 0.003). There were 10 maternal and 60 perinatal deaths. Conclusion: The CS rate in this study was 11.3%. Obstructed labor and previous CS among multigravida were the most frequent indications. Maternal and perinatal complications were more frequent with emergency CS and in the referred cases.

Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014

The pattern of gynecological malignancies varies among nations and even within health institution... more The pattern of gynecological malignancies varies among nations and even within health institution in the same country. Understanding the histo-pathological pattern of these malignancies will help in the management of the patient. The aim of the following study is to establish the frequency, histo-pathological features, and distribution of genital tract malignancies as seen in a tertiary health institution in North - western Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of data from ward admissions and discharge records, surgical biopsy materials from the theater and the histopathology laboratory results of slides. The study was carried out at the Usmanu Dan-Fodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Data were entered into a study proforma and analysis was through SPSS version 15 (Chicago IL) for windows. The results were expressed in simple percentages, tables and charts. During the study period (2000-2009), there were 404 cases of gynecological malignancies recorded in the hospital. ...

INTRODUCTION In some African cultures, twin pregnancy is perceived as a blessing and celebrated w... more INTRODUCTION In some African cultures, twin pregnancy is perceived as a blessing and celebrated while in others, the products are regarded as aliens and thrown into the “evil forest”. In Obstetric practice however, twin pregnancies are high risk pregnancies irrespective of the clime. The trend in these pregnancies have significantly changed in the last three decades, due to improvement in the management of infertility, obstetric care and socioeconomic status of women. Twin gestation results from either the division of a single fertilised ovum as in monozygotic twins (identical twins) or fertilisation of two separate ova as in dizygotic twins (fraternal twins). While the prevalence of monozygotic twinning has been stable, that of dizygotic twinning has witnessed increase. The incidence of twin gestation varies the world over, however Nigeria is reported to have the highest incidence.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2020

Background: An important component of the first-trimester scan is nuchal translucency thickness a... more Background: An important component of the first-trimester scan is nuchal translucency thickness at 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days of gestation. A nuchal translucency ≥3.3 mm is a significant early pregnancy scan finding associated with Trisomies 13, 18, and 21 and congenital heart diseases. Aims: To determine the prevalence and outcome of increased fetal nuchal translucency among pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: A prospective cohort study at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. This was a prospective study of 265 consecutively recruited women in the first trimester of pregnancy who presented to antenatal clinics over a 20-week period. An NT scan was conducted at 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days followed by an anomaly scan at 18–22 weeks. Patients were followed up to delivery and 6-week post-partum. The neonates were examined at delivery and at 6-week postnatal life. Data entry and analysis was done with IBM SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at less than 0.05. Frequency distribution; student t-test and Chi-squared test. Results: The 95th percentile NT was 3.3 mm and the prevalence of increased NT above 3.3 mm was 3%. The mean maternal age of the participants was 28.1 ± 5.1 years and the modal parity was Para 0. The most common anomalies associated with increased NT were ventricular septal defect and spina bifida. A congenital anomaly was significantly associated with increased NT (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of increased fetal nuchal translucency is relatively high in our environment and is associated with congenital fetal defects. Routine screening with first-trimester ultrasound will help detect congenital anomalies early.

World Journal of Research and Review, 2018

A. BACKGROUND: Destructive operations are a group of obstetric procedures that are performed via ... more A. BACKGROUND: Destructive operations are a group of obstetric procedures that are performed via the vaginal route by reducing the size of the head, shoulder girdle, or trunk of the dead foetus to allow vaginal deliveryto avert caesarean section and its complications. B. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:TO determining the incidence rate, indications, complications and outcome of destructive operations in UDUTH, Sokoto. C. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 10 year retrospective study of destructive operations performed at UDUTH. Sokoto, from 1 st January 2005 to 31 st December 2014. Information was extracted from patient's case files retrieved from the medical records department. D.RESULTS: There were 28,422 deliveries during the period under review. The incidence of destructive operation was 0.31% and the mean age of the patients was 20 ± 4.7 years. Majority are in their 2 nd decades of life and they presented mainly as emergencies. The mean gestational age at presentation was 38.55 ± 1.401 weeks and the procedures were successful in all the cases. The most common procedure was craniotomy in 76/84 (90.50%) and the main indication was prolonged and obstructed labour in 76/84 (90.5%) of cases. The most frequent complication encountered was anaemia in 52/84 (61.9%) of the patients and there were four cases of maternal deaths (4.76%). E.CONCLUSION: Destructive operations still have a role in the management of obstructed labour particularly if the foetus is dead. However, the trend is on a decrease due to risk of complications that may lead to litigation.

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

Background: Instrumental vaginal delivery is one of the key elements of essential obstetric care ... more Background: Instrumental vaginal delivery is one of the key elements of essential obstetric care that mimics spontaneous vaginal delivery in order to expedite delivery with minimal maternal and neonatal morbidity. The objectives of the study were to determine the rate of instrumental deliveries, the common indications, and compare outcome and complications between forceps and vacuum deliveries. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on instrumental vaginal deliveries carried out in UDUTH over 10 years from January 2007 to December 2016. The list of cases was obtained, the case files were retrieved and relevant information was obtained. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The instrumental vaginal delivery rate was 2.06%. Vacuum deliveries accounted for 83.3% (n = 524) but forceps deliveries accounted for 16.7% (n = 105). The most common indication for both was delayed second stage of labor due to malposition. There was no statistical difference in the mean APGAR scores at 1 st and 5 th min between babies delivered by vacuum and those delivered by forceps. Majority had no complication and there was no statistical association between the type of procedure and maternal or fetal complications observed during the procedure (χ 2 = 3.18, P = 0.2). Conclusion: The rate of instrumental vaginal delivery is much lower than that reported in some centers in Nigeria and globally. Majority of the cases had no complication and there was no significant difference in complications observed between vacuum and forceps deliveries.

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019

A lithopedion (stone baby) is a rare phenomenon seen in advanced abdominal pregnancy. There are f... more A lithopedion (stone baby) is a rare phenomenon seen in advanced abdominal pregnancy. There are few cases reported in Africa. This is a case report of a 50-year-old woman who presented with a complaint of an abdominal swelling for 15 years. She was suspected to have a uterine fibroid. She was subsequently prepared for myomectomy. Intraoperatively, she was found to have a calcified intact fetus with a coexisting huge uterine fibroid. She had extirpation of the calcified fetus and myomectomy. She did well postoperatively and was discharged home on the 7 th day.

PubMed, Oct 1, 2021

Sexual assault is assuming an alarming status and usually leaves a devatating effect on women and... more Sexual assault is assuming an alarming status and usually leaves a devatating effect on women and girls who fall victim. The aim of this study was to determine the trend and pattern of sexual assaults. This was a retrospective cohort study. Case notes were retrieved from gynaecological emergency unit from January 2016 to December 2018. A total of 45 Case folders were collected. The information from the case notes were entered into a structured proforma. A total 2250 gynaecological emergency cases were seen and out of these 45 were victims of sexual assault, giving the prevalence of sexual assault to be 2.0%. A large proportion 84.4% were noted in children less than 16 years of age. There was delay in presentation as only 40% did so within 24 hours of the incidence. In 84.4% of the cases, the victim had a relationship with the alleged assailant and the assault was said to have occured most times in the home of the assailant. In 95.5%, vaginal penetration was the commonest and threat of violence was the commonest method of overcoming the victims. About 42.2% victims did not have a human immunodeficiency virus screening test done for various reasons. In conclusion, gender-based violence and other practices that affect the health of women and children negatively, and sexual assault against children and adolescence are still prevalent in our clime as seen from this study.

British Journal of Surgery

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The a... more Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains...

The Lancet

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as ind... more Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. Findings In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

Jewel Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Contraceptive use is one of the modern tools use in reducing the scourge of maternal ... more Background: Contraceptive use is one of the modern tools use in reducing the scourge of maternal morbidity and mortality from unwanted pregnancy and its attendant complications, challenges of teenage pregnancy and its aftermath, grand multiparity and problems of advanced maternal age and it complications. The uptake of this essential commodity is still not encouraging in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the contraceptive uptake and choice of postpartum contraception among antenatal attendees at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching hospital, Sokoto and the factors associated with contraceptive uptake. Methods: Data was collected using self and interviewer administered questionnaire. Information on socio demographic characteristics, response to contraceptive uptake and choice of postpartum contraception were obtained. This was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was employed to find the association between the study variables and l...

Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2021

Background: Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) did not spare pregnant women despite ... more Background: Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) did not spare pregnant women despite their physiological and anatomical changes in pregnancy. The epidemiology and outcomes of IPV change with time in the society. Study Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This study involved 403 pregnant women. The Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream (HITS) questionnaire was used to collect information and data recorded and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-squared, Fisher's test and logistic regression) were used. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of IPV in pregnancy was 56.3% and the modal score was 4. About 11.9% of the women had a positive (severe) HITS score while 38.4% of the women experienced insult as the most common form of violence. There was a statistically significant association between the level of the score and marriage settings (P < 0.001), education of the woman (P < 0.001), education status of the husband (P < 0.001), occupation of the woman (P < 0.001), occupation of the husband (P < 0.001) and social habit of the husband (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of IPV was high from this study. Improvement in education status of the husband and employment status of both the wife and the husband can significantly affect violence against women positively in our society.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multisytemic disorder originating from the placenta with a hi... more Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multisytemic disorder originating from the placenta with a high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Early (<34 weeks) and late (>34 weeks) – onset PE have different maternal and perinatal outcomes with overlapping clinical features. Differences in Doppler velocimetry pattern in these subgroups appears unsettled.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 110 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy diagnosed with PE were recruited and had umbilical and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) Doppler velocimetry done. The pregnancies were followed up to delivery and outcome recorded and analysed using Microsoft excel 2013. Student t-test and Chi-squared test were used for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Level of significance was set at less than 0.05.Results: There were 53 (49.1%) women with early – onset preeclampsia and 55 (50.9%) with late-onset PE. The mean age of women was 30.30±5.2 years. The mean umbilical artery, middle cerebral ar...

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2021

Background: Episiotomy is a deliberate surgical incision of the perineum with the aim of increasi... more Background: Episiotomy is a deliberate surgical incision of the perineum with the aim of increasing the vulval outlet to facilitate childbirth. However, it could be associated with some complications, such as pain, hemorrhage, and wound infection. It is a surgical procedure that requires adherence to basic surgical principles of providing adequate analgesia. Aim: To determine the efficacy of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) as an adjunct to local anesthetics for analgesia during episiotomy repair among women that had vaginal delivery at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria. Subject and Methods: This was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Pregnant women who had episiotomy during the study period were randomized into two groups. Those in Group A had xylocaine administered alone, whereas those in Group B had xylocaine + MgSO4 administered for repair of episiotomy. Pain was assessed by numeric rating scale at commencement of the repair, at 2 and 6 h after the repair. Patient's level of satisfaction, request for additional analgesia, and side effects were also assessed. Results: The pain score in the xylocaine + MgSO4 group was lower throughout the period of assessment. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the two groups at 0 and 6 h. However, there was significant difference in the mean pain scores between the two groups at 2 h (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction, request for additional analgesia, and side effects between the two groups. Conclusion: Both xylocaine alone and xylocaine with MgSO4 provide adequate perineal pain relief during episiotomy repair. MgSO4 improves the analgesic effect of xylocaine at 2 h after episiotomy repair without any significant side effect.

Orient Journal of Medicine, 2014

We report a case of vulva oedema in a 19-year old multigravida at 30 weeks gestational age with s... more We report a case of vulva oedema in a 19-year old multigravida at 30 weeks gestational age with severe anaemia complicated by heart failure. The vulva oedema appeared and rapidly increased in size as features of anaemic heart failure set in. Other causes of vulva oedema were ruled out. She was transfused with six units of packed red cells and the oedema subsided by the 10th day. She developed intrauterine fetal death while on in-patient admission, and subsequently, had spontaneous labour and delivery of a macerated stillborn male neonate. The aim of this report is to alert clinicians that severe anaemia with vulva oedema may be a poor prognostic index associated with intrauterine foetal death.

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...

Anaesthesia, 2021

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...

Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder. It is an important cause of mat... more Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder. It is an important cause of maternal mortality in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria and is associated with a five-fold increase in perinatal mortality. Identifying modifiable factors to decrease oxidative stress in the pregnant woman's environment may be an inexpensive and non-invasive therapy for decreasing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia. This study aimed at comparing the levels of 3 oxidative stress markers; glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4 antioxidants (Catalase, Vitamins A, C and E) in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women in Sokoto. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 199 normotensive and 201 preeclamptic women attending the antenatal clinics or admitted to the pre-eclamptic/eclamptic wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto or Specialist Hospital Sokoto. Structured questionnaires were administered and relevant information obtained. Blood samples were obtained by standard laboratory techniques and assayed for the oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. Statistical analysis was by GraphPad InStat Software (version 3.0) San Diego, USA. Results: The mean levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and GPX were increased in the preeclamptic women (3.44±1.25 and 71.53 ± 26.02) when compared to controls (3.024±1.08 and 62.58 ± 22.45) respectively (p=0.00) while SOD was decreased in the cases (13.00±15.27) when compared to the controls (57.21 ± 38.08) p=0.00. The antioxidant Vitamins A and C were significantly decreased in the preeclamptic women (1.52±1.68 and 0.14±1.33) p=0.00 while Catalase was increased (50.93±36.22; p=0.00). Conclusion: The results of this study are in agreement with most previous studies which showed that markers of lipid peroxidation were increased in the plasma of women with preeclampsia. Follow-up studies, are needed to enable us arrive at the certain conclusion that interventions with antioxidants and vitamins may be the panacea to this disease in our sub-region.

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare benign soft tissue tumor usually affecting the female pelvi... more Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare benign soft tissue tumor usually affecting the female pelvis and perineum. A 16-year-old girl presented on June 23, 2016, with vaginal protrusion of 1-year duration. Examination revealed protrusion through the introitus; it was hyperemic with necrosis. Investigation revealed urinalysis that revealed blood (+), leucocytes (+), and others normal; Swab (taken from purulent discharge on the protruded mass) microscopy revealed numerous pus cells; and culture yielded no growth. Abdominopelvic ultrasound (USS) showed left-sided pelvic soft tissue mass with no features of metastasis. Other investigations were normal. She had polypectomy with subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. Histology revealed benign AA. A rare tumor of the genital tract had been presented with a diagnostic dilemma. However, confirmation of diagnosis was easy with histology.

Pan African Medical Journal, 2016

Introduction: Sexual violence is an important public health problem of growing concern all over t... more Introduction: Sexual violence is an important public health problem of growing concern all over the world. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of sexual assault managed in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: It was a retrospective study that looked into cases of sexual assault admitted into the hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. Information on patients' biodata, and relevant details on the cases were extracted from the patients' case files and analyzed. Results: Out of the 5317 gynecological admissions during the period under study, 45 (0.84%) were cases of sexual assault. Of these, only 34 case files were available for data extraction. The patients' ages ranged from 2 to 37 years (mean = 12.6 + 8.3). About two thirds (61.8%) of those affected were young children (aged 12 years and below). In majority of cases (70.6%) the assault was penetrative, and in most of the cases (91.2%) only a single assailant was involved. In close to two thirds of cases, the assailant was either an acquaintance (38.2%) or a family member (20.6%). Although law enforcement agents were informed in majority (58.8%) of cases, arrests were made in less than half (41.2%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of sexual assault in this study appears to be low, a major cause for concern is the fact that those affected were predominantly young children. Parents should be more vigilant in monitoring their children's movement, and stringent laws should be enacted and enforced to curb this heinous act.

Sahel Medical Journal, 2016

Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2020

World Journal of Research and Review, 2018

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019

PubMed, Oct 1, 2021

British Journal of Surgery

The Lancet

Jewel Journal of Medical Sciences

Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2021

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2021

Orient Journal of Medicine, 2014

Anaesthesia, 2021

Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

Pan African Medical Journal, 2016