María José Álvarez-Rivadulla | Universidad de los Andes (Colombia) (original) (raw)
Papers by María José Álvarez-Rivadulla
Este libro compila algunos de los trabajos de Ruben Kaztman sobre pobreza, vulnerabilidad y segre... more Este libro compila algunos de los trabajos de Ruben Kaztman sobre pobreza, vulnerabilidad y segregación residencial y social en América Latina. Muestra el arte y el método de construir teoría desde la investigación social empírica y una inmensa creatividad para medir conceptos complejos. Así, el marco de activos y estructura de oportunidades es una poderosa forma de acercarse a una estructura social cambiante reconociendo la heterogeneidad de sus grupos sociales, y de comprenderla en su complejidad, más allá del mercado de trabajo. Anidados en ese marco, están los trabajos sobre la relevancia de la heterogeneidad de la escuela y el barrio para la movilidad social, que reconocen la prioridad de las grandes explicaciones estructurales, como la desindustrialización y la desigualdad económica, pero se adentran en mecanismos causales intermedios como el capital social (modelos de rol, recursos que circulan, influencia de pares) o la existencia de normas compartidas orientadoras del comportamiento. Esta obra contribuye a entender la profunda fragmentación social de nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas, más allá de vaivenes en los niveles de desigualdad de ingresos, así como las variaciones al interior de nuestra región. Su proyección es aún más amplia pues aporta a la teoría social sobre la relación entre desigualdad e integración social.
Revista de ciencia política, 2012
* este artículo no hubiera sido posible sin la generosidad de mi casi centenar de entrevistados: ... more * este artículo no hubiera sido posible sin la generosidad de mi casi centenar de entrevistados: líderes de asentamientos irregulares, residentes ordinarios de los mismos, funcionarios del gobierno y políticos, a nivel local, municipal y nacional. a ellos, mi enorme agradecimiento, que extiendo a los evaluadores anónimos y al editor de la rcp, así como a los comentaristas que en distintas instancias enriquecieron este texto, en especial a rosario Queirolo, Juan Bogliaccini, carlos aloisio, y, como siempre, a Juan carlos rodríguez-raga y John markoff. Las invasiones de tierras y La izquierda en La ciudad. Montevideo, uruguay, 1984-2011*
Documentos Dejusticia 13 RAzA y vivienDA en COlOmbiA: la segregación residencial y las condicione... more Documentos Dejusticia 13 RAzA y vivienDA en COlOmbiA: la segregación residencial y las condiciones de vida en las ciudades este trabajo se desarrolló gracias al apoyo del Reino de los Países bajos
Revista De Estudios Sociales, Dec 15, 2016
Revista Ensambles, 2014
RESUMEN: Este artículo explora la existencia de distintos niveles de tolerancia a la desigualdad ... more RESUMEN: Este artículo explora la existencia de distintos niveles de tolerancia a la desigualdad socioeconómica en diversos contextos y en particular en relación a la desigualdad objetiva. Nutriéndose por un lado de los debates y estudios empíricos de la economía política de las actitudes distributivas y, por otro, de trabajos cualitativos acerca de legitimación, formación de clase y empleo doméstico, intenta una comparación con profundidad. Para ello, compara dos contextos regionales opuestos en sus niveles de desigualdad objetiva, Bogotá (Colombia) y Montevideo (Uruguay), focalizándose en cómo empleadas domésticas perciben y experimentan la desigualdad, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. Asimismo, contextualiza estos casos a partir de preguntas sobre actitudes distributivas y percepciones de la desigualdad para toda la región, utilizando la encuesta LAPOP-Barómetro de las Américas. Argumenta que, por un lado, en un mismo país, en un mismo grupo y en una misma persona usualmente hay opiniones o prácticas que cuestionan la desigualdad y otras que la toleran. Y, por otro, que la relación con la desigualdad objetiva no es lineal. No solo puede cambiar en el tiempo sino que depende en gran medida de qué aspecto de la tolerancia a la desigualdad estemos considerando y de cómo ese aspecto es interpretado en contextos específicos. Palabras claves: tolerancia a la desigualdad-actitudes distributivas-legitimación-América Latina-desigualdad subjetiva ABSTRACT: This article explores the existence of different levels of tolerance for socioeconomic inequality in diverse contexts and, in particular, in relation to objective inequality. Learning from the political economy studies of distributive attitudes and, at the same time, from qualitative work about legitimation, class formation, and domestic work, it attempts a comparison with some depth. For this, it compares to regional contexts, very different in terms of objective inequality, Bogotá (Colombia) and Montevideo (Uruguay), focusing on how domestic workers perceive and experiment inequality, based on in depth interviews. In addition, it contextualizes these cases using answers to questions on distributive attitudes and other general perceptions of inequality taken from the LAPOP-AmericasBarometer survey. It argues that the same country, the same group and even the same person often share attitudes or practices that show tolerance for inequality and others that question it. Besides, the relation with objective inequality is not linear. Not only may it change throughout time but also this relation depends a great deal on which aspect of tolerance for inequality we consider and on how it is signified in particular contexts.
Handbooks of sociology and social research, 2015
This chapter analyzes the history of the informal city in Montevideo from a social movement persp... more This chapter analyzes the history of the informal city in Montevideo from a social movement perspective. It argues that, like other more structured social movements in the region, squatters were affected by neoliberal reforms and democratization in the past decades of the twentieth century. It focuses particularly on the role of two political opportunities stemming from democratization, namely electoral competition and decentralization. While the first one gave squatters influential allies, the second one opened institutional access for them. Yet, not all squatters were equally endowed to seize those opportunities. Those with more political networks, organizational experience, and better socioeconomic conditions were better able to use those opportunities to seize land, plan their neighborhoods, and get goods and services for them. Based on quantitative and qualitative data on land seizures and neighborhood histories, respectively, the article argues for an interactive theory of mobilization that considers both hardships and political factors to understand squatting.
I am enormously thankful to my squatter interviewees, who in contexts of great deprivation, found... more I am enormously thankful to my squatter interviewees, who in contexts of great deprivation, found the time to remember a moment in their lives that was a rupture with the ordinary, a time of change. And to the brokers, politicians, academics, technicians, and bureaucrats who put up with my questions and helped me understand the pieces of the puzzle.
instname:Universidad de los Andes, 2017
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Mar 1, 2017
This article argues that material conditions limit the possibilities of symbolic boundaries becom... more This article argues that material conditions limit the possibilities of symbolic boundaries becoming markers of social differentiation, especially among stigmatized groups. Using squatter settlements in Montevideo, Uruguay, as a case study, it shows that symbolic boundaries are hard to maintain when material conditions and the stigmas associated with certain places work against them. Based on participant observation and oral histories, it analyses how squatters experienced the move to a squatter settlement. It argues that, for many, it was a way to resist exclusion, a struggle to belong to the city and to protect a social position that structural changes under neoliberalism had put at risk. This required engaging in difficult symbolic boundary work to distinguish themselves from cantegriles-poor and crowded older shantytowns-and claim dignity as workers and residents of a regular city neighbourhood. Yet, there were many limits to their fight in an increasingly fragmented city. Through follow-up visits to several settlements over almost two decades and tracking the case in the local press, through available survey data and secondary literature, this article offers a longitudinal perspective of symbolic boundaries in the making. introduction When I first met Shirley, almost a decade before this new encounter, she was the hopeful president of the neighbourhood association of a new squatter settlement. This informal area was located on the outskirts of a traditional working-class neighbourhood battered by deindustrialization. Her settlement was part of the wave of land invasions that transformed Montevideo in the last two decades of the twentieth century, right at the confluence of neoliberalism and democratization. In only 15 years, between 1985 and 2000, more than 200 new land invasions sprang up. Today, informal neighbourhoods house about 10% of the city's population. 1 That winter afternoon over mate (a typical tea-like drink), she told me with clear disgust about what the neighbourhood had become in contrast to what she had once dreamt of: There are lots of new people. Have you seen that they sold a lot? That brought all sorts of people. It's a little out of hand, because we didn't want horse carts. Do you remember? Well … and now we have plenty. I know it's difficult. People take it personally, and it's not personal … Did you see what they did at the entrance? They made a huge cantegril [popular name for a traditional, poor and crowded shantytown]. That's a problem, because we wanted to keep that entrance free from more houses. I mean, there used to be people living there who had very little. But at least they kept everything clean. But then they left, they sold to others and those sold to others and … I'm telling you, this is changing. … We are now devoted to regularization. … But people have been hoping for regularization for years. Some say 'it's a lie'. So the majority of the
Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. CLACSO eBooks, 2017
Springer eBooks, 2017
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 1, 2016
Limits and Possibilities of Mixing Policies: Lessons from and for Latin American cities. Some Lat... more Limits and Possibilities of Mixing Policies: Lessons from and for Latin American cities. Some Latin American cities are trying to overcome decades of market and state led segregation through mixing urban policies, which consist of locating social housing in better off neighborhoods rather than in the poor peripheries where it was traditionally built. This change comes from the realization of the negative effects of living in segregated public housing and homogeneously poor neighborhoods in general which have been documented in Latin America as well as elsewhere. Bogotá is one of these cases. European and American cities have experimented with different variations of mixed income policies since the 1990s. What can we learn from their experience? And, in turn, what can Latin American cities contribute to the literature on urban mixing and integration? * The author would like to thank LIEPP and Marco Oberti and the other Cities are Back in Town group members at Sciences Po, for their invitation to their workshop and comments. ** L'auteur adhère à la charte de déontologie du LIEPP disponible en ligne et n'a déclaré aucun conflit d'intérêt potentiel.
![Research paper thumbnail of Turismo y pobreza en la ciudad . Freire-Medeiros, Bianca. 2013. Touring Poverty. Londres: Routledge [224 pp.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116786967/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista De Estudios Sociales, May 1, 2014
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 11, 2017
como parte del objetivo de convertir el país en el más educado de América Latina en el 2025. Desd... more como parte del objetivo de convertir el país en el más educado de América Latina en el 2025. Desde su creación, el programa ha beneficiado a más de 30,000 jóvenes de escasos recursos que presentaron la prueba Saber 11 entre el 2014-2 y el 2016-2. En el presente documento se lleva a cabo la evaluación de impacto de corto plazo del crédito-beca Ser Pilo Paga para las cohortes 2014-2 y 2015-2, con base en datos administrativos y 1,487 encuestas representativas realizadas a jóvenes elegibles y no elegibles de la cohorte 2015-2. Se utiliza la metodología de regresión discontinua para evaluar el impacto del crédito-beca sobre variables de acceso a educación superior y la metodología de variables instrumentales para analizar el efecto sobre el desempeño académico de los beneficiarios. El aumento en la probabilidad de acceso a educación superior para los jóvenes de Ser Pilo Paga 1 fue de 31.8 puntos porcentuales, mientras que para los jóvenes de Ser Pilo Paga 2 fue de 25.8 puntos porcentuales. Además, el efecto sobre el acceso a educación de calidad (IES acreditadas) fue de 46.1 puntos porcentuales y 41.2 puntos porcentuales, respectivamente. También se encuentra que la ausencia intersemestral de los beneficiarios de la primera cohorte es 7.1 puntos porcentuales menor, en comparación a sus compañeros de IES acreditadas mientras a primer semestre la tasa de deserción es inferior en 6 puntos porcentuales. Por último, los beneficiarios del programa presentan mejores índices de calidad de vida pese a que muestran mayores niveles de depresión, menores niveles de perseverancia y apoyo social.
Desacatos, Jan 31, 2019
¿"Los becados con los becados y los ricos con los ricos"? Interacciones entre clases sociales dis... more ¿"Los becados con los becados y los ricos con los ricos"? Interacciones entre clases sociales distintas en una universidad de elite* MAríA joSÉ ÁLvArez rivADuLLA ¿qué sucede cuando los desiguales se juntan? en este artículo se analiza la interacción entre clases sociales altas y bajas en una universidad en Colombia, uno de los países más inequitativos y fragmentados del mundo, a partir de un programa estatal de becas. Con base en entrevistas a profundidad, observación etnográfica y grupos focales, se encuentra que el programa provee oportunidades inéditas para que los jóvenes de sectores populares interactúen con clases sociales más altas, y eventualmente, formen redes de amistad. Las interacciones están atravesadas por experiencias de desigualdad nuevas, emociones como la vergüenza o el orgullo, y ciertos límites simbólicos que ponen énfasis en el desempeño académico e igualan, y otros que acentúan las diferencias de clase y separan. PalaBras Clave: desigualdad subjetiva, límites simbólicos, emociones, redes, educación terciaria "The Rich with the Rich and the Poor with the Poor"? Interaction among Different Social Classes in an Elite university What happens when unequals get together? this article analyses the interaction between upper and lower social classes in an elite university in Colombia, one of the world's most unequal countries, enabled by a government fellowship program. through in-depth interviews, ethnographic observation, and focus groups, the article finds that the program provides unprecedented opportunities for students from working class backgrounds to interact with higher social classes and possibly even form networks of friendship. Such interactions are permeated by new experiences of inequality, of emotions such as shame and pride, and of symbolic boundaries that emphasize academic performance and connect students, and others that highlight class differences and separate them.
IV Seminario Internacional Desigualdad y Movilidad Social en América Latina (Ensenada, Argentina, 31 de mayo al 2 de junio de 2017), 2017
Environment and Planning A, 2007
Para obtener la autorización para la reproducción o traducción total o parcial de este documento ... more Para obtener la autorización para la reproducción o traducción total o parcial de este documento debe formularse la correspondiente solicitud a la Universidad Católica del Uruguay (IPES), solicitud que será bien acogida. No obstante, ciertos extractos breves de esta publicación pueden reproducirse sin autorización, con la condición de que se mencione la fuente.
Petr Vašát (PV): Maria, first of all, thank you for meeting with me. For our interview, I have pr... more Petr Vašát (PV): Maria, first of all, thank you for meeting with me. For our interview, I have prepared questions spanning from informal urbanism to building techniques to politics. Some of these questions are more related to research, while some are more about urban development. However, let’s start with your beginnings. I have discovered that you started to study informal urbanism in Montevideo in the 90s, 1997 to be exact, which is a pretty long time ago. So, how did it all begin? Why did you start studying informal urbanism? María José Álvarez Rivadulla (MJAR): I was studying Social Work at the time, and we had to conduct fieldwork in a group of squatter settlements that had just been formed and which were just beginning to emerge. We started in three neighborhoods. I was taking classes both in Social work and Sociology at the time and couldn’t make up my mind between the two. I liked Social Work more because we did much more fieldwork. So I started going to these neighborhoods ...
Este libro compila algunos de los trabajos de Ruben Kaztman sobre pobreza, vulnerabilidad y segre... more Este libro compila algunos de los trabajos de Ruben Kaztman sobre pobreza, vulnerabilidad y segregación residencial y social en América Latina. Muestra el arte y el método de construir teoría desde la investigación social empírica y una inmensa creatividad para medir conceptos complejos. Así, el marco de activos y estructura de oportunidades es una poderosa forma de acercarse a una estructura social cambiante reconociendo la heterogeneidad de sus grupos sociales, y de comprenderla en su complejidad, más allá del mercado de trabajo. Anidados en ese marco, están los trabajos sobre la relevancia de la heterogeneidad de la escuela y el barrio para la movilidad social, que reconocen la prioridad de las grandes explicaciones estructurales, como la desindustrialización y la desigualdad económica, pero se adentran en mecanismos causales intermedios como el capital social (modelos de rol, recursos que circulan, influencia de pares) o la existencia de normas compartidas orientadoras del comportamiento. Esta obra contribuye a entender la profunda fragmentación social de nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas, más allá de vaivenes en los niveles de desigualdad de ingresos, así como las variaciones al interior de nuestra región. Su proyección es aún más amplia pues aporta a la teoría social sobre la relación entre desigualdad e integración social.
Revista de ciencia política, 2012
* este artículo no hubiera sido posible sin la generosidad de mi casi centenar de entrevistados: ... more * este artículo no hubiera sido posible sin la generosidad de mi casi centenar de entrevistados: líderes de asentamientos irregulares, residentes ordinarios de los mismos, funcionarios del gobierno y políticos, a nivel local, municipal y nacional. a ellos, mi enorme agradecimiento, que extiendo a los evaluadores anónimos y al editor de la rcp, así como a los comentaristas que en distintas instancias enriquecieron este texto, en especial a rosario Queirolo, Juan Bogliaccini, carlos aloisio, y, como siempre, a Juan carlos rodríguez-raga y John markoff. Las invasiones de tierras y La izquierda en La ciudad. Montevideo, uruguay, 1984-2011*
Documentos Dejusticia 13 RAzA y vivienDA en COlOmbiA: la segregación residencial y las condicione... more Documentos Dejusticia 13 RAzA y vivienDA en COlOmbiA: la segregación residencial y las condiciones de vida en las ciudades este trabajo se desarrolló gracias al apoyo del Reino de los Países bajos
Revista De Estudios Sociales, Dec 15, 2016
Revista Ensambles, 2014
RESUMEN: Este artículo explora la existencia de distintos niveles de tolerancia a la desigualdad ... more RESUMEN: Este artículo explora la existencia de distintos niveles de tolerancia a la desigualdad socioeconómica en diversos contextos y en particular en relación a la desigualdad objetiva. Nutriéndose por un lado de los debates y estudios empíricos de la economía política de las actitudes distributivas y, por otro, de trabajos cualitativos acerca de legitimación, formación de clase y empleo doméstico, intenta una comparación con profundidad. Para ello, compara dos contextos regionales opuestos en sus niveles de desigualdad objetiva, Bogotá (Colombia) y Montevideo (Uruguay), focalizándose en cómo empleadas domésticas perciben y experimentan la desigualdad, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. Asimismo, contextualiza estos casos a partir de preguntas sobre actitudes distributivas y percepciones de la desigualdad para toda la región, utilizando la encuesta LAPOP-Barómetro de las Américas. Argumenta que, por un lado, en un mismo país, en un mismo grupo y en una misma persona usualmente hay opiniones o prácticas que cuestionan la desigualdad y otras que la toleran. Y, por otro, que la relación con la desigualdad objetiva no es lineal. No solo puede cambiar en el tiempo sino que depende en gran medida de qué aspecto de la tolerancia a la desigualdad estemos considerando y de cómo ese aspecto es interpretado en contextos específicos. Palabras claves: tolerancia a la desigualdad-actitudes distributivas-legitimación-América Latina-desigualdad subjetiva ABSTRACT: This article explores the existence of different levels of tolerance for socioeconomic inequality in diverse contexts and, in particular, in relation to objective inequality. Learning from the political economy studies of distributive attitudes and, at the same time, from qualitative work about legitimation, class formation, and domestic work, it attempts a comparison with some depth. For this, it compares to regional contexts, very different in terms of objective inequality, Bogotá (Colombia) and Montevideo (Uruguay), focusing on how domestic workers perceive and experiment inequality, based on in depth interviews. In addition, it contextualizes these cases using answers to questions on distributive attitudes and other general perceptions of inequality taken from the LAPOP-AmericasBarometer survey. It argues that the same country, the same group and even the same person often share attitudes or practices that show tolerance for inequality and others that question it. Besides, the relation with objective inequality is not linear. Not only may it change throughout time but also this relation depends a great deal on which aspect of tolerance for inequality we consider and on how it is signified in particular contexts.
Handbooks of sociology and social research, 2015
This chapter analyzes the history of the informal city in Montevideo from a social movement persp... more This chapter analyzes the history of the informal city in Montevideo from a social movement perspective. It argues that, like other more structured social movements in the region, squatters were affected by neoliberal reforms and democratization in the past decades of the twentieth century. It focuses particularly on the role of two political opportunities stemming from democratization, namely electoral competition and decentralization. While the first one gave squatters influential allies, the second one opened institutional access for them. Yet, not all squatters were equally endowed to seize those opportunities. Those with more political networks, organizational experience, and better socioeconomic conditions were better able to use those opportunities to seize land, plan their neighborhoods, and get goods and services for them. Based on quantitative and qualitative data on land seizures and neighborhood histories, respectively, the article argues for an interactive theory of mobilization that considers both hardships and political factors to understand squatting.
I am enormously thankful to my squatter interviewees, who in contexts of great deprivation, found... more I am enormously thankful to my squatter interviewees, who in contexts of great deprivation, found the time to remember a moment in their lives that was a rupture with the ordinary, a time of change. And to the brokers, politicians, academics, technicians, and bureaucrats who put up with my questions and helped me understand the pieces of the puzzle.
instname:Universidad de los Andes, 2017
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Mar 1, 2017
This article argues that material conditions limit the possibilities of symbolic boundaries becom... more This article argues that material conditions limit the possibilities of symbolic boundaries becoming markers of social differentiation, especially among stigmatized groups. Using squatter settlements in Montevideo, Uruguay, as a case study, it shows that symbolic boundaries are hard to maintain when material conditions and the stigmas associated with certain places work against them. Based on participant observation and oral histories, it analyses how squatters experienced the move to a squatter settlement. It argues that, for many, it was a way to resist exclusion, a struggle to belong to the city and to protect a social position that structural changes under neoliberalism had put at risk. This required engaging in difficult symbolic boundary work to distinguish themselves from cantegriles-poor and crowded older shantytowns-and claim dignity as workers and residents of a regular city neighbourhood. Yet, there were many limits to their fight in an increasingly fragmented city. Through follow-up visits to several settlements over almost two decades and tracking the case in the local press, through available survey data and secondary literature, this article offers a longitudinal perspective of symbolic boundaries in the making. introduction When I first met Shirley, almost a decade before this new encounter, she was the hopeful president of the neighbourhood association of a new squatter settlement. This informal area was located on the outskirts of a traditional working-class neighbourhood battered by deindustrialization. Her settlement was part of the wave of land invasions that transformed Montevideo in the last two decades of the twentieth century, right at the confluence of neoliberalism and democratization. In only 15 years, between 1985 and 2000, more than 200 new land invasions sprang up. Today, informal neighbourhoods house about 10% of the city's population. 1 That winter afternoon over mate (a typical tea-like drink), she told me with clear disgust about what the neighbourhood had become in contrast to what she had once dreamt of: There are lots of new people. Have you seen that they sold a lot? That brought all sorts of people. It's a little out of hand, because we didn't want horse carts. Do you remember? Well … and now we have plenty. I know it's difficult. People take it personally, and it's not personal … Did you see what they did at the entrance? They made a huge cantegril [popular name for a traditional, poor and crowded shantytown]. That's a problem, because we wanted to keep that entrance free from more houses. I mean, there used to be people living there who had very little. But at least they kept everything clean. But then they left, they sold to others and those sold to others and … I'm telling you, this is changing. … We are now devoted to regularization. … But people have been hoping for regularization for years. Some say 'it's a lie'. So the majority of the
Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. CLACSO eBooks, 2017
Springer eBooks, 2017
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 1, 2016
Limits and Possibilities of Mixing Policies: Lessons from and for Latin American cities. Some Lat... more Limits and Possibilities of Mixing Policies: Lessons from and for Latin American cities. Some Latin American cities are trying to overcome decades of market and state led segregation through mixing urban policies, which consist of locating social housing in better off neighborhoods rather than in the poor peripheries where it was traditionally built. This change comes from the realization of the negative effects of living in segregated public housing and homogeneously poor neighborhoods in general which have been documented in Latin America as well as elsewhere. Bogotá is one of these cases. European and American cities have experimented with different variations of mixed income policies since the 1990s. What can we learn from their experience? And, in turn, what can Latin American cities contribute to the literature on urban mixing and integration? * The author would like to thank LIEPP and Marco Oberti and the other Cities are Back in Town group members at Sciences Po, for their invitation to their workshop and comments. ** L'auteur adhère à la charte de déontologie du LIEPP disponible en ligne et n'a déclaré aucun conflit d'intérêt potentiel.
Revista De Estudios Sociales, May 1, 2014
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 11, 2017
como parte del objetivo de convertir el país en el más educado de América Latina en el 2025. Desd... more como parte del objetivo de convertir el país en el más educado de América Latina en el 2025. Desde su creación, el programa ha beneficiado a más de 30,000 jóvenes de escasos recursos que presentaron la prueba Saber 11 entre el 2014-2 y el 2016-2. En el presente documento se lleva a cabo la evaluación de impacto de corto plazo del crédito-beca Ser Pilo Paga para las cohortes 2014-2 y 2015-2, con base en datos administrativos y 1,487 encuestas representativas realizadas a jóvenes elegibles y no elegibles de la cohorte 2015-2. Se utiliza la metodología de regresión discontinua para evaluar el impacto del crédito-beca sobre variables de acceso a educación superior y la metodología de variables instrumentales para analizar el efecto sobre el desempeño académico de los beneficiarios. El aumento en la probabilidad de acceso a educación superior para los jóvenes de Ser Pilo Paga 1 fue de 31.8 puntos porcentuales, mientras que para los jóvenes de Ser Pilo Paga 2 fue de 25.8 puntos porcentuales. Además, el efecto sobre el acceso a educación de calidad (IES acreditadas) fue de 46.1 puntos porcentuales y 41.2 puntos porcentuales, respectivamente. También se encuentra que la ausencia intersemestral de los beneficiarios de la primera cohorte es 7.1 puntos porcentuales menor, en comparación a sus compañeros de IES acreditadas mientras a primer semestre la tasa de deserción es inferior en 6 puntos porcentuales. Por último, los beneficiarios del programa presentan mejores índices de calidad de vida pese a que muestran mayores niveles de depresión, menores niveles de perseverancia y apoyo social.
Desacatos, Jan 31, 2019
¿"Los becados con los becados y los ricos con los ricos"? Interacciones entre clases sociales dis... more ¿"Los becados con los becados y los ricos con los ricos"? Interacciones entre clases sociales distintas en una universidad de elite* MAríA joSÉ ÁLvArez rivADuLLA ¿qué sucede cuando los desiguales se juntan? en este artículo se analiza la interacción entre clases sociales altas y bajas en una universidad en Colombia, uno de los países más inequitativos y fragmentados del mundo, a partir de un programa estatal de becas. Con base en entrevistas a profundidad, observación etnográfica y grupos focales, se encuentra que el programa provee oportunidades inéditas para que los jóvenes de sectores populares interactúen con clases sociales más altas, y eventualmente, formen redes de amistad. Las interacciones están atravesadas por experiencias de desigualdad nuevas, emociones como la vergüenza o el orgullo, y ciertos límites simbólicos que ponen énfasis en el desempeño académico e igualan, y otros que acentúan las diferencias de clase y separan. PalaBras Clave: desigualdad subjetiva, límites simbólicos, emociones, redes, educación terciaria "The Rich with the Rich and the Poor with the Poor"? Interaction among Different Social Classes in an Elite university What happens when unequals get together? this article analyses the interaction between upper and lower social classes in an elite university in Colombia, one of the world's most unequal countries, enabled by a government fellowship program. through in-depth interviews, ethnographic observation, and focus groups, the article finds that the program provides unprecedented opportunities for students from working class backgrounds to interact with higher social classes and possibly even form networks of friendship. Such interactions are permeated by new experiences of inequality, of emotions such as shame and pride, and of symbolic boundaries that emphasize academic performance and connect students, and others that highlight class differences and separate them.
IV Seminario Internacional Desigualdad y Movilidad Social en América Latina (Ensenada, Argentina, 31 de mayo al 2 de junio de 2017), 2017
Environment and Planning A, 2007
Para obtener la autorización para la reproducción o traducción total o parcial de este documento ... more Para obtener la autorización para la reproducción o traducción total o parcial de este documento debe formularse la correspondiente solicitud a la Universidad Católica del Uruguay (IPES), solicitud que será bien acogida. No obstante, ciertos extractos breves de esta publicación pueden reproducirse sin autorización, con la condición de que se mencione la fuente.
Petr Vašát (PV): Maria, first of all, thank you for meeting with me. For our interview, I have pr... more Petr Vašát (PV): Maria, first of all, thank you for meeting with me. For our interview, I have prepared questions spanning from informal urbanism to building techniques to politics. Some of these questions are more related to research, while some are more about urban development. However, let’s start with your beginnings. I have discovered that you started to study informal urbanism in Montevideo in the 90s, 1997 to be exact, which is a pretty long time ago. So, how did it all begin? Why did you start studying informal urbanism? María José Álvarez Rivadulla (MJAR): I was studying Social Work at the time, and we had to conduct fieldwork in a group of squatter settlements that had just been formed and which were just beginning to emerge. We started in three neighborhoods. I was taking classes both in Social work and Sociology at the time and couldn’t make up my mind between the two. I liked Social Work more because we did much more fieldwork. So I started going to these neighborhoods ...
This book unveils the political economy of land squatting in a third world city, Montevideo, in U... more This book unveils the political economy of land squatting in a third world city, Montevideo, in Uruguay. It focuses on the effects of democratization on the mobilization of the poorest as well as on the role played by different types of brokers, from radical Catholic priests to local leaders embedded in political networks. Through a multi-method endeavour that combines ethnography, historical sources, and quantitative time series, the author reconstructs the history of the informal city since the late 1940s to the present. From a social movements/contentious politics perspective, the book challenges the assumption that socioeconomic factors such as poverty were the only causes triggering land squatting.
Available here: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319545332
Revista de Estudios Sociales, 2022
En los últimos años, la expansión de sectores de ingresos medios ha atraído la atención tanto de ... more En los últimos años, la expansión de sectores de ingresos medios ha atraído la atención tanto de la academia como de organismos internacionales y Gobiernos. Sin embargo, más recientemente varios estudios han apuntado a mostrar su vulnerabilidad. Este artículo analiza la evolución de las clases medias en Uruguay en las últimas décadas (1993-2016) utilizando dos medidas complementarias: una basada en ingresos y otra en ocupación, a partir de encuestas de hogares. Los resultados sugieren que el cambio en el nivel de ingresos que caracterizó al periodo no se tradujo en un cambio en la estructura de empleo y capital humano, y alertan sobre la vulnerabilidad de las clases medias.
The expansion of middle-income sectors has, in recent years, drawn the attention of academia, international organizations, and governments. However, more recently, several studies have pointed to the vulnerability of these sectors. Based on household surveys, this paper analyzes the evolution of the middle classes in Uruguay in recent decades (1993-2016) using two complementary measures: one based on income and the other on occupation. The results suggest that the change in income levels that characterized the period did not result in a change in the structure of employment and human capital, and they alert about the vulnerability of the middle classes.