PAULO M DE OLIVEIRA-DE JESUS | Universidad de los Andes (Colombia) (original) (raw)

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—In this paper, the remuneration of fixed costs of distribution networks with distributed generat... more —In this paper, the remuneration of fixed costs of distribution networks with distributed generation is evaluated by means of an efficient planning strategy that includes the concept of fuzzy robustness of a given solution plan. As a key contribution, it is included the possibility of choice among different conductor sizes. In order to assess the fixed costs to be remunerated at long term, a single-stage multicriteria planning problem is solved using three different criteria: initial investment cost, power losses cost and reliability cost. Pareto or efficient plans are identified using the ε-constraint method jointly with a large-scale commercial package able to deal with Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Uncertainty associated to load demand and power injections of distributed resources are integrated using a fuzzy power flow in order to obtain the robustness indexes of each Pareto solution. The annualized fixed charge rate (AFCR) associated to new and existing distribution lines at given voltage level is assessed through a with-without analysis permitting to compute the Annual Avoided Charge Rate (AACR). When avoided or deferral investments are verified, the benefits of DG connection can be transferred to consumers as reduction in base rate and to generators as localization incentive. 1

—A new method for distribution access via uniform pricing for the remuneration of distribution ne... more —A new method for distribution access via uniform pricing for the remuneration of distribution networks is presented. The proposed approach merges in a unified framework the investments , the optimal network operation requirements, the effect of the price elasticity of demand, and the application of hourly pricing for demand side management purposes. Hourly uniform marginal prices—understood as tariffs of use of the network—are obtained from maximum social welfare condition sending efficient signals to the utility and consumers, related to the optimal operation of the grid and use of the energy at peak and valley hours. This method is used in the context of a Performance Based Ratemaking regulation to get model companies from operational optimized real networks. Capital fees are integrated in the marginal tariff of use, by means of the New Replacement Value concept, broadly used in yardstick competition. The model is stated as a mixed-integer linear optimization problem suitable to be solved through well-known linear programming tools. The methodology has been successfully tested in a 42-bus test distribution network.

This paper presents a new load flow formulation to solve active and passive electric distribution... more This paper presents a new load flow formulation to solve active and passive electric distribution networks. The fundamental idea discussed here is how to obtain the power flow solution by using the elements of a unique quasi-symmetric matrix called TRX in the iterative process. The method is formulated for singlephase balanced and three-phase unbalanced radially operated networks. It works with real variables as opposed to complex variables used in previous backward/forward sweep algorithms discussed in literature. The proposed TRX matrix constitutes a complete database by including information of network topology structure as well as branch impedances of the distribution feeder. Data arrangement is suitable to be exchanged under standard Common Information Model (CIM) under Distribution Management Systems (DMS) environment allowing an efficient computation of the state of the system for on-line and off-line study applications. The proposed methodology was applied on a group of IEEE test systems and a real distribution system of 49,000 nodes.

—This paper presents a novel formulation of the Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) optim... more —This paper presents a novel formulation of the Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) optimization model. For a given electric three-phase circuit feeder, network models are built using a quasi-symmetric impedance matrix TRX representing the entire structure and topology of the radial network. As a key contribution , the state variables of demands and generators connected to large-scale distribution grids are obtained by using a convenient matrix reduction technique. As a result, the size of the optimization problem is considerably reduced with respect to the jacobian formulation by considering radial and weakly meshed exploitation and elimination of interconnecting nodes. Results and comparative analysis are presented using the IEEE 4-, 13-, 37-, 123-, and 8500-node test systems.

In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid... more In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects. Results are presented for the design of a small-scale hybrid renewable energy system using the proposed methodology in Margarita Island, Venezuela. The proposed methodology applies the integrated analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to the selection of the best hybrid renewable energy system using the concept of net energy and is divided in two phases: a classic optimization process using levelized costs minimization and an AHP implementation for decision making problems. Under this methodology technical–economical aspects are considered as quantitative parameters, while social–environmental aspects depend largely on the criteria of the system planning engineers and future users of the system. Technical–economical aspects are considered using specialized software, used to optimize and compute the best configuration of an ARE project. Social–economical aspects are defined as a series of parameters that should be considered by the planning team, a meeting of experts or a community consensus on the project site. Several diesel price scenarios (low, intermediate and high) are considered. The results show the importance of the proposed tools for decision making problems.

Power Systems, 2014

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 2007

This paper discusses an integrated framework for cost allocation of energy losses of electric dis... more This paper discusses an integrated framework for cost allocation of energy losses of electric distribution systems under liberalised energy markets.

Power Systems, 2014

ABSTRACT The induction generator (IG) is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity a... more ABSTRACT The induction generator (IG) is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Typical applications involve the following: split-shaft micro-turbines (SSMT), mini-hydro (MH), and fixed-speed wind turbines (FSWT). The accurate knowledge of the machine parameters is especially important in order to establish the performance of the IG as well as to directly affect its operational and control characteristics. The problem of IG parameter estimation results specially complicated to solve when a cluster of IG is interconnected to create of virtual power plant (VPP). Then, it is desirable to have an effective method to estimate the parameters of an equivalent model for a cluster of IG (which does not require detailed definition of the power plant structure and parameters) by using novel digital measurement equipment such as phasor measurement units (PMU) in transmission and distribution networks. This chapter presents a method for the estimation of an equivalent model (named as EqMCIG App) for a cluster of IG, based on the response to a system frequency disturbance. The performance and robustness of the method are evaluated using two different test systems where the EqMCIG is identified using the variable metric method (VMM). Numerical results demonstrate the viewpoint and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This chapter have three main contributions: (i) Performing “parameter estimation” using ComIdent command (ii) The use of DSL model on model parameter identification (composite Frame, block definition—BlkDef) (iii) Use of a “Measurement File” object (ElmFile) as inputs variables.

Papers by PAULO M DE OLIVEIRA-DE JESUS

Sustainability

This paper presents the application of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis ... more This paper presents the application of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis (LMDI) to the aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) of the power sector in Colombia in the period 1990–2020, with the aim of identifying the main drivers influencing the ACI change. The analysis performed identifies the main drivers among: carbon intensity, generation efficiency, and contribution of fossil generation at the specific and total level of electricity production. The analysis is performed at the aggregate and disaggregated level of fossil fuels. Due to the highly variable behavior of the ACI, a multi-temporal decomposition is performed in the eight presidential administrations in the period of analysis. For each period, the main drivers are identified and the energy policy implications and their effects on the operation and management of the power sector are analyzed. The results show that the main driver is the fossil share of total energy production. Important effects on thermal...

2018 IEEE ANDESCON, 2018

The widespread application of smart metering will lead to a huge increase of amounts of data into... more The widespread application of smart metering will lead to a huge increase of amounts of data into electricity utilities. As the Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is being deployed in countries such as Colombia, problems with data acquisition have arisen, including data loss, and data transmission and storage errors. In these cases, descriptive statistics are not suitable if aggregation processes are conducted. In this paper, we propose a segmentation method based on the K-means algorithm to effectively identify and remove anomalous information in domestic smart metering data. This method aims to characterize the pattern of electricity use for each consumer stratum and location, and to preprocess the data for its subsequent analysis. For this purpose, an open-source library based on the software environment R was developed to standardize smart metering data, to conduct a statistical analysis, and to correlate consumption patterns with geographical information. A study case is discussed with annual data acquired from 6060 smart meters located in city of Bogotá, Colombia, where outliers are identified over a pre-filtered data set encompassing average real power measurements along a four-month period. We show that our method is able to characterize patterns of consumption among the predefined user strata and locations in Bogotá to successfully identify and remove anomalous data for a subsequent statistical and geographical analysis.

Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019

Logarithmic mean Divisia for index decomposition analysis (IDA-LMDI) has been applied to evaluate... more Logarithmic mean Divisia for index decomposition analysis (IDA-LMDI) has been applied to evaluate the aggregate carbon emission intensity of electricity (ACI) evolution considering explaining factors as fuel mix, thermal efficiency, fossil share and geographical effects. However, the capacity factor of the generation system has not been duly considered in previous LMDI formulations. The capacity factor provides a perception of the time of use of the generation infrastructure. Despite LMDI analysis have been widely applied to explain the electricity-related CO 2 emissions changes in many countries and regions of the world, Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC) power sector has not been analyzed yet. Since 1990 the global ACI declined around 5% whereas the ACI of LAC is just going in the opposite direction with a significant increase of 10%. To fill the research gap, this paper presents a new and general temporal IDA-LMDI formulation in order to expressly include the effect of capacity factors and analyze the evolution of LAC's ACI between 1990 and 2015. Results reveal the increase of the ACI in the region is due to structural reasons, mainly in Brazil. Intensity factors as thermal efficiency and fossil mix were also substantially improved, mainly in Mexico, but not enough to cut down the regional ACI increase. As a key result, it is shown that the capacity factors of fossil-based generation-mainly in Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil-are a relevant driving force behind the ACI increase. As Brazil is the largest producer and its capacity factor is relatively low compared to other LAC countries, the increasingly dispatch of fuel-fired power plants to cover base-load may boost the ACI of the region in the future jeopardizing the compliance of the climate goals.

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015

ABSTRACT

Electric Power Systems Research, 2013

2006 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 2006

In this paper, the remuneration of fixed costs of distribution networks with distributed generati... more In this paper, the remuneration of fixed costs of distribution networks with distributed generation is evaluated by means of an efficient planning strategy that includes the concept of fuzzy robustness of a given solution plan. As a key contribution, it is included the possibility of choice among different conductor sizes. In order to assess the fixed costs to be remunerated at long term, a single-stage multicriteria planning problem is solved using three different criteria: initial investment cost, power losses cost and reliability cost. Pareto or efficient plans are identified using the constraint method jointly with a large-scale commercial package able to deal with mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Uncertainty associated to load demand and power injections of distributed resources are integrated using a fuzzy power flow in order to obtain the robustness indexes of each Pareto solution. The annualized fixed charge rate (AFCR) associated to new and existing distribution lines at given voltage level is assessed through a with-without analysis permitting to compute the annual avoided charge rate (AACR). When avoided or deferral investments are verified, the benefits of DG connection can be transferred to consumers as reduction in base rate and to generators as localization incentive Index Terms Inspec Controlled Indexing distributed power generation fuzzy logic integer programming investment linear programming load flow power distribution economics power distribution planning Non-controlled Indexing AACR AFCR MILP Pareto solution annual avoided charge rate annualized fixed charge rate distributed generation distribution lines distribution network remuneration fuzzy multicriteria planning investment cost mixed-integer linear programming power flow Author Keywords access pricing dispersed generation distributed generation embedded generation pricing regulation References No references available on IEEE Xplore. Citing Documents No citing documents available on IEEE Xplore.

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005

A new method for distribution access via uniform pricing for the remuneration of distribution net... more A new method for distribution access via uniform pricing for the remuneration of distribution networks is presented. The proposed approach merges in a unified framework the investments, the optimal network operation requirements, the effect of the price elasticity of demand, and the application of hourly pricing for demand side management purposes. Hourly uniform marginal prices-understood as tariffs of use of the network-are obtained from maximum social welfare condition sending efficient signals to the utility and consumers, related to the optimal operation of the grid and use of the energy at peak and valley hours. This method is used in the context of a Performance Based Ratemaking regulation to get model companies from operational optimized real networks. Capital fees are integrated in the marginal tariff of use, by means of the New Replacement Value concept, broadly used in yardstick competition. The model is stated as a mixed-integer linear optimization problem suitable to be solved through well-known linear programming tools. The methodology has been successfully tested in a 42-bus test distribution network. Index Terms-Distribution access pricing, power system economics, tariffs of use, yardstick competition. I. INTRODUCTION T HE REGULATION of the electrical distribution activity based in the traditional paradigm of the Cost of Service/Rate of Return relation (CoS/RoR) engrosses or merges two distinct activities in the distribution function: distribution and retailing. The distribution utility is considered as a natural monopoly and end-user tariffs designs are usually based on the independent application of capacity and energy charges to deal with well-known revenue reconciliation problem [1]. Other types of regulation such as performance based ratemaking (PBR), have been applied in order to incentive distribution companies to be more efficient [2]. The distribution network activity remains considered as a natural monopoly and the retailing activity is open to the market. Different regulation schemes for distribution utilities as price caps, revenue caps, and yardstick competition have been developed and applied Manuscript

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015

ABSTRACT In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design ... more ABSTRACT In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects. Results are presented for the design of a small-scale hybrid renewable energy system using the proposed methodology in Margarita Island, Venezuela. The proposed methodology applies the integrated analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to the selection of the best hybrid renewable energy system using the concept of net energy and is divided in two phases: a classic optimization process using levelized costs minimization and an AHP implementation for decision making problems. Under this methodology technical–economical aspects are considered as quantitative parameters, while social–environmental aspects depend largely on the criteria of the system planning engineers and future users of the system. Technical–economical aspects are considered using specialized software, used to optimize and compute the best configuration of an ARE project. Social–economical aspects are defined as a series of parameters that should be considered by the planning team, a meeting of experts or a community consensus on the project site. Several diesel price scenarios (low, intermediate and high) are considered. The results show the importance of the proposed tools for decision making problems.

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Linear network modeling and phasor measurement units (PMUs) simplify the traditional system state... more Linear network modeling and phasor measurement units (PMUs) simplify the traditional system state estimation (SSE) problem. The existing multiphase SSE-PMU-based models are linear including earthing resistances as a fixed and invariable parameter. However, earthing resistances strongly depend on moisture and temperature changes over time. Thus, under unbalanced operation time-varying Neutral-Earth Voltages (NEV) could be higher than admisible touch and step voltages in urban areas. Earthing resistances can be now monitored using specialized meters and therefore duly incorporated as measured and state variables in a multigrounded SSE problem. Thus, the SSE problem becomes non-linear and the standard linear solution approach is no longer suitable. This fact has been overlooked in the literature. To fulfill the research gap, a new multi-grounded SSE-PMU-based formulation is presented. As a key contribution, the normal-equation structure used in linear SSE approaches was extended to a non-linear one in order to allow the estimation of grounding resistances, neutral-to-earth voltages, and neutral currents. The proposal was applied in a 2-bus example for illustration purposes and successfully applied and compared with existing methods under large-scale conditions.

Power Systems, 2014

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 2007

Power Systems, 2014

Sustainability

2018 IEEE ANDESCON, 2018

Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015

ABSTRACT

Electric Power Systems Research, 2013

2006 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 2006

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

ArXiv, 2020

This paper describes a simplified formulation of the Backward/Forward (BW/FW) Sweep Power Flow ap... more This paper describes a simplified formulation of the Backward/Forward (BW/FW) Sweep Power Flow applied to radial distribution systems with distributed generation under positive sequence modelling. Proposed formulation was applied in an illustrative test system.

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2020

2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG), 2020

This paper is devoted to analyze market equilibrium solutions when new market agents, such as ren... more This paper is devoted to analyze market equilibrium solutions when new market agents, such as renew- able/intermittent producers, elastic demands and electric vehicles, are exposed to time-varying Locational Marginal Prices in the context of a competitive electricity market. Two economic equilibrium models are studied in detail. First, we analyze the perfect competition solution driven by a benevolent planner in which real and reactive power dispatches as well as the battery charge-discharge schedule aims to maximize the global social welfare. Secondly, we also address the monopoly solution when the total profit of electric vehicle (EV) aggregators and renewable generators are maximized considering that both producers belong to the same firm. The perfect competition and monopoly system models were applied to an illustrative 3-node test system. Solution shows that under perfect competition, the battery dispatch is smooth in order to get maximum social welfare and therefore minimal gr...

Energies

This paper analyzes the drivers behind the changes of the Aggregate Carbon Intensity (ACI) of Lat... more This paper analyzes the drivers behind the changes of the Aggregate Carbon Intensity (ACI) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) power sector in five periods between 1990 and 2017. Since 1990 the carbon intensity of the world has been reduced almost 8.8% whereas the carbon intensity of LAC countries only decreased 0.8%. Even though by 2017 the regional carbon intensity is very similar to the one observed by 1990, this index has showed high variability, mainly in the last three years when the ACI of LAC fell from 285 gCO2/kWh in 2015 to 257.7 gCO2/kWh. To understand what happened with the evolution of the carbon intensity in the region, in this paper a Logarithmic Mean Divisia for Index Decomposition Analysis (IDA-LMDI) is carried out to identify the accelerating and attenuating drivers of the ACI behavior along five periods. The proposal outperforms existing studies previously applied to LAC based upon a single period of analysis. Key contributions are introduced by considering t...

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy

ABSTRACT The International Energy Agency (IEA) has proposed an ambitious carbon dioxide emission ... more ABSTRACT The International Energy Agency (IEA) has proposed an ambitious carbon dioxide emission mitigation scenario with specific recommendations for Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, this mitigation scenario entails significant limitations. The expected electricity production for the region is quite low compared to global average figures. This situation could endanger the sustainable development of the region. In this paper, we discuss an alternative mitigation scenario that seeks the compliance of both climate objectives and future energy requirements. This new scenario is based on the widespread integration of smart grids and renewable energies. High capacity smart transmission grids could enlarge existing transnational electricity markets. Results show that Latin America could contribute with 4.1% of the global mitigation effort up to 2040 (the IEA’s 450 S scenario for the region is 3.6%) with an additional investment of 7% in large-scale renewable-based generation plants and HDVC transmission links. As a main result, future regional generation output is aligned with the requirements of national policy scenarios outlined at the climate convention.

Energies

This paper presents a three-phase loss allocation procedure for distribution networks. The key co... more This paper presents a three-phase loss allocation procedure for distribution networks. The key contribution of the paper is the computation of specific marginal loss coefficients (MLCs) per bus and per phase expressly considering non-linear load models for Electric Vehicles (EV). The method was applied in a unbalanced 12.47 kV feeder with 12,780 households and 1000 EVs under peak and off-peak load conditions. Results obtained were also compared with the traditional roll-in embedded allocation procedure (pro rata) using non-linear and standard constant power models. Results show the influence of the non-linear load model in the energy losses allocated. This result highlights the importance of considering an appropriate EV load model to appraise the overall losses encouraging the use and further development of the methodology

Journal of Energy Storage

Abstract This paper presents an economic model that aims to evaluate -from the regulatory perspec... more Abstract This paper presents an economic model that aims to evaluate -from the regulatory perspective- the behavior of an aggregator capable of exploiting business opportunities of electric vehicles (EV) in the context of a wholesale electricity market. As a key contribution, we investigate the market equilibrium point when only one firm acts as an EV aggregator taking advantage of the management of the storage assets. To do so, a Stackelberg game is stated as a bi-level optimization problem where the maximization of the EV aggregator profit is regarded as the leader’s optimization problem, and the set of hourly economic dispatches and the corresponding locational marginal prices (LMPs) are determined by a benevolent system operator (the follower’s optimization problem). The model was applied in the IEEE RTS test system and the Colombian electricity market. The best solution for the EV aggregator does not require a significant share of the existing storage capacity. However, despite the loss of efficiency observed in the short-term energy market, the oligopolistic solution leads to flattening load curves and, therefore, a better use of the transmission and distribution infrastructure in the long term.