Barbora Machajdíková | Comenius University (original) (raw)
Uploads
Books by Barbora Machajdíková
![Research paper thumbnail of Greek – Latin – Slavic. Aspects of Linguistics and Grammatography [Contents]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110482081/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Papers by Barbora Machajdíková
Journal of Latin Linguistics 22 (1), p. 81–130, 2023
According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner’s law, the quality of a long *ē was ... more According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner’s law, the quality of a long *ē was not affected by an adjacent laryngeal *h₂ or *h₃ in the prehistory of the individual Indo-European languages: Latin spērāre ‘hope’ < *spēh₂-s- (desiderative), Old Slavic spěti ‘be successful’ < *spēh₂- (cf. *sph₂-ró- in Ved. sphirá- and Lat. prosperus; *speh₂-i-s- in Old Slavic spěxŭ); Tocharian B yerpe < *h₃ērbh-o- ‘disk, orb’ (without colouration) vs. Latin orbis < *h₃orbh-i- ‘circle’. The purpose of the paper is not to reassess the value of all reconstructions involving Eichner’s law, but to focus primarily on two neglected examples supporting its validity: Latin īdūs < *h₂ēid- ‘Ides’, a term originally referring to the full moon, for which a connection with aemidus < *h₂eid- (a term glossed as tumidus) can plausibly be argued; Greek ἔγκατα < *h₂ēnk- ‘mass of the inner organs of the thorax and of the upper part of the abdomen’ related to ὄγκος ‘swelling, tumour, bulk’ (from an older meaning ‘curvature’; the word constantly refers to volume, not to weight). The striking structural parallelism between ἔγκατα < *h₂ḗnk-r/n- ‘pluck’ (with Osthoff-shortening) and ἧπαρ < *(H)yḗkʷ-r/n- ‘liver’ requires a close reexamination of the latter word and a detailed discussion of the puzzling vocalism of Lat. iecur, gen. iocineris. The study aims at offering a careful analysis of these items, taking into account their precise semantics and the relevant comparative data. Particular emphasis will be laid upon the derivational processes responsible for the morphological shape of the lexemes under discussion. It will appear that the Classical languages, especially Latin, can make a decisive contribution to the understanding of the morphology of lengthened-grade formations, which in turn offer new insights into the history of the Latin and Greek lexicons.
Journal of Latin Linguistics 20 (2), 2021
Historica – Zborník Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského 53 (p. 152-171), 2022
The city of Rome was founded by Romulus, a member of the royal house of Alba Longa, who became it... more The city of Rome was founded by Romulus, a member of the royal house of Alba Longa, who became its first ruler after having killed his twin brother Remus. Although in some accommodating versions of the story the murderer was not Romulus himself, but one of his companions, one has to admit that the fratricide was a central feature of the original myth. While gemellity is a folk-tale element found in many societies throughout the world, the combination of gemellity and fratricide is rather rare. Scholars have underlined that the biblical twins Esau and Jacob offer a close parallel: according to sources other than the Genesis (Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and Book of Jubilees, echoed in some Byzantine chronicles), Esau was killed by his brother. The parallel is even more striking if one pays attention to the birth order: Jacob, who may be regarded as the founder of Israel, was not the firstborn son; according to a curious statement of John Lydus, Romulus was younger than Remus, and the gloss altellus Romulus dicebatur transmitted by Paul the Deacon suggests that the Byzantine scholar may preserve an old tradition. Of the twins, Remus was the first to be born, as was Esau. The logic of these stories is ultimately based on a high degree of constructional iconicity between the order of the births of the twins and their personal tropism: Esau (a hunter) and Remus (having affinities with Faunus) are associated with a quite primitive way of life (firstborn twin, elder brother: Past, ‘Nature’), whereas Jacob and Romulus are characterised by the metis (cunning intelligence) and are presented as the bearers of a more advanced way of life (second-born twin, younger brother: Modernity, ‘Culture’).
“Jazyk a kultúra”, 45–46, 2021
A careful study of the alliterations displayed by the South Picene stele of Crecchio (CH 1a) sugg... more A careful study of the alliterations displayed by the South Picene stele of Crecchio (CH 1a) suggests the word divisions po + ioúefa or po + ioúeta (instead of poi + oúefa, poi + oúeta) and ioki + pedu. These segmentations of the words yield two alliterating word-pairs: Ioúef/ta Ioki [y... y...] and Pedu Pdufem [p... p...]. The subordinating conjunction po in po + ioúefa (or ioúeta) is probably also found in the form povaisis (TE 5). As the liquid [l] in initial position is regularly reflected by [y] (instead of [w]) in the text CH 1a (iepeten < *lepetey-en, cognate with Lat. lapis, lapit or with Gr. λώπη, cf. tokam / toga), the word ioki may be compared with the first member of the Latin compound locuplēs (“rich” < “replete with abundance”) and with the Vedic substantive rāśí- “heap, mass”: ablative singular ioki < *lokīd “with abundance”. The second part of the Latin adjective is related to the verb pdufem: *plh₁-u-dʰ- “fill” > *pluh₁dʰ- > *plūf- > pduf-em. The form pdufem contains the same ending as knúskem (CH 2) and represents the first person singular of a verb, as ekúsim (CH 1a, ekú+sim) “ego sum, I am” and kduíú (CH 1b, cf. clueō) “I am named, I am”. The phraseological association *loḱi- + *pl(e)h₁- is attested both in Latin (within a compound, locuplēs) and in South Picene (at the textual level, ioki + pdufem).
Graecolatina et Orientalia, 37-38, p. 37–64 , 2016
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 21 / 1, 2016
Sambucus, 9, p. 26-42, 2013
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 23/1, 2018
![Research paper thumbnail of Velebenie elít na juhopicénskych nápisoch: frazeológia a poézia v službách ideológie [Praise for the Elites in the South Picene Inscriptions: Phraseology and Poetry in the Service of Ideology]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61112557/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Ideológia v premenách času v pamiatkach gréckej a latinskej tradície (Zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej konferencie 18.–19. november 2016, Bratislava). Ľudmila BUZÁSSYOVÁ - Erika JURÍKOVÁ - Jana GRUSKOVÁ (eds.). Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, p. 75-88, 2018
Hortus Graeco-Latinus Cassoviensis, 2, p. 143–154, 2018
Graeco-Latina Brunensia, 22/1, 147-163, 2017
Graecolatina et Orientalia, 35-36, p. 33-66, 2014
Farmaceutický obzor [Slovenská Zdravotnícka Univerzita] (pp.93-98), 2021
In: Genres épigraphiques et langues d’attestation fragmentaire dans l’espace méditerranéen. Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, p. 95-113, 2015
Auriga, Zprávy Jednoty klasických filologů, 56/2, p. 5-22, 2014
Journal of Latin Linguistics 22 (1), p. 81–130, 2023
According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner’s law, the quality of a long *ē was ... more According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner’s law, the quality of a long *ē was not affected by an adjacent laryngeal *h₂ or *h₃ in the prehistory of the individual Indo-European languages: Latin spērāre ‘hope’ < *spēh₂-s- (desiderative), Old Slavic spěti ‘be successful’ < *spēh₂- (cf. *sph₂-ró- in Ved. sphirá- and Lat. prosperus; *speh₂-i-s- in Old Slavic spěxŭ); Tocharian B yerpe < *h₃ērbh-o- ‘disk, orb’ (without colouration) vs. Latin orbis < *h₃orbh-i- ‘circle’. The purpose of the paper is not to reassess the value of all reconstructions involving Eichner’s law, but to focus primarily on two neglected examples supporting its validity: Latin īdūs < *h₂ēid- ‘Ides’, a term originally referring to the full moon, for which a connection with aemidus < *h₂eid- (a term glossed as tumidus) can plausibly be argued; Greek ἔγκατα < *h₂ēnk- ‘mass of the inner organs of the thorax and of the upper part of the abdomen’ related to ὄγκος ‘swelling, tumour, bulk’ (from an older meaning ‘curvature’; the word constantly refers to volume, not to weight). The striking structural parallelism between ἔγκατα < *h₂ḗnk-r/n- ‘pluck’ (with Osthoff-shortening) and ἧπαρ < *(H)yḗkʷ-r/n- ‘liver’ requires a close reexamination of the latter word and a detailed discussion of the puzzling vocalism of Lat. iecur, gen. iocineris. The study aims at offering a careful analysis of these items, taking into account their precise semantics and the relevant comparative data. Particular emphasis will be laid upon the derivational processes responsible for the morphological shape of the lexemes under discussion. It will appear that the Classical languages, especially Latin, can make a decisive contribution to the understanding of the morphology of lengthened-grade formations, which in turn offer new insights into the history of the Latin and Greek lexicons.
Journal of Latin Linguistics 20 (2), 2021
Historica – Zborník Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského 53 (p. 152-171), 2022
The city of Rome was founded by Romulus, a member of the royal house of Alba Longa, who became it... more The city of Rome was founded by Romulus, a member of the royal house of Alba Longa, who became its first ruler after having killed his twin brother Remus. Although in some accommodating versions of the story the murderer was not Romulus himself, but one of his companions, one has to admit that the fratricide was a central feature of the original myth. While gemellity is a folk-tale element found in many societies throughout the world, the combination of gemellity and fratricide is rather rare. Scholars have underlined that the biblical twins Esau and Jacob offer a close parallel: according to sources other than the Genesis (Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and Book of Jubilees, echoed in some Byzantine chronicles), Esau was killed by his brother. The parallel is even more striking if one pays attention to the birth order: Jacob, who may be regarded as the founder of Israel, was not the firstborn son; according to a curious statement of John Lydus, Romulus was younger than Remus, and the gloss altellus Romulus dicebatur transmitted by Paul the Deacon suggests that the Byzantine scholar may preserve an old tradition. Of the twins, Remus was the first to be born, as was Esau. The logic of these stories is ultimately based on a high degree of constructional iconicity between the order of the births of the twins and their personal tropism: Esau (a hunter) and Remus (having affinities with Faunus) are associated with a quite primitive way of life (firstborn twin, elder brother: Past, ‘Nature’), whereas Jacob and Romulus are characterised by the metis (cunning intelligence) and are presented as the bearers of a more advanced way of life (second-born twin, younger brother: Modernity, ‘Culture’).
“Jazyk a kultúra”, 45–46, 2021
A careful study of the alliterations displayed by the South Picene stele of Crecchio (CH 1a) sugg... more A careful study of the alliterations displayed by the South Picene stele of Crecchio (CH 1a) suggests the word divisions po + ioúefa or po + ioúeta (instead of poi + oúefa, poi + oúeta) and ioki + pedu. These segmentations of the words yield two alliterating word-pairs: Ioúef/ta Ioki [y... y...] and Pedu Pdufem [p... p...]. The subordinating conjunction po in po + ioúefa (or ioúeta) is probably also found in the form povaisis (TE 5). As the liquid [l] in initial position is regularly reflected by [y] (instead of [w]) in the text CH 1a (iepeten < *lepetey-en, cognate with Lat. lapis, lapit or with Gr. λώπη, cf. tokam / toga), the word ioki may be compared with the first member of the Latin compound locuplēs (“rich” < “replete with abundance”) and with the Vedic substantive rāśí- “heap, mass”: ablative singular ioki < *lokīd “with abundance”. The second part of the Latin adjective is related to the verb pdufem: *plh₁-u-dʰ- “fill” > *pluh₁dʰ- > *plūf- > pduf-em. The form pdufem contains the same ending as knúskem (CH 2) and represents the first person singular of a verb, as ekúsim (CH 1a, ekú+sim) “ego sum, I am” and kduíú (CH 1b, cf. clueō) “I am named, I am”. The phraseological association *loḱi- + *pl(e)h₁- is attested both in Latin (within a compound, locuplēs) and in South Picene (at the textual level, ioki + pdufem).
Graecolatina et Orientalia, 37-38, p. 37–64 , 2016
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 21 / 1, 2016
Sambucus, 9, p. 26-42, 2013
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 23/1, 2018
Ideológia v premenách času v pamiatkach gréckej a latinskej tradície (Zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej konferencie 18.–19. november 2016, Bratislava). Ľudmila BUZÁSSYOVÁ - Erika JURÍKOVÁ - Jana GRUSKOVÁ (eds.). Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, p. 75-88, 2018
Hortus Graeco-Latinus Cassoviensis, 2, p. 143–154, 2018
Graeco-Latina Brunensia, 22/1, 147-163, 2017
Graecolatina et Orientalia, 35-36, p. 33-66, 2014
Farmaceutický obzor [Slovenská Zdravotnícka Univerzita] (pp.93-98), 2021
In: Genres épigraphiques et langues d’attestation fragmentaire dans l’espace méditerranéen. Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, p. 95-113, 2015
Auriga, Zprávy Jednoty klasických filologů, 56/2, p. 5-22, 2014