Ján Papula | Comenius University (original) (raw)
Papers by Ján Papula
Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján, Oborilová Andrea. 2014. Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncep... more Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján, Oborilová Andrea. 2014. Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncepciu procesného manažmentu. Bratislava: Kartprint, ISBN 978-80-89553-23-5. 223 s.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution is irreversible and we need to adapt to this tren... more The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution is irreversible and we need to adapt to this trend. The Fourth Industrial Revolution brings many changes that today's businesses have to face. The changes are mainly of a technological nature and we need to respond to them quickly and appropriately. Companies should gradually prepare for the digital transformation that Industry 4.0 brings and adapt their processes as well. Current research suggests that the demand will be mainly for employees who have digital skills. It is essential for organizations to build the conditions for education in the digitization area. Therefore, it is very important that companies engaged in the issues of recruiting employees with digital skills, but also the possibility of training in the digitization area. In our survey, we looked at what areas are currently being discussed in companies from an HR perspective and to what extent. In 2019, we did a unique research in which we addressed 431 HR workers. In the survey, we found out to what extent the areas are discussed in companies: emphasis on digital skills in recruitment, preparation for the digitization of processes and the transition to Industry 4.0, setting up a system of lifelong learning, the introduction of flexible forms of work organization. We compared the results based on the size of the company, the sector in which the surveyed companies operated and the stage of the life cycle. Respondents stated that the areas: the emphasis on digital skills in recruitment and preparation for the digitization of processes and the transition to Industry 4.0 are not so much discussed in their company. On the other hand areas: setting up a system of lifelong learning and introducing flexible forms of work organization is a topic of discussion in their company. Based on the results, we can state that the companies try to create especially suitable conditions for employees in terms of their training and enabling flexible work. With this research, we would like to draw attention to the importance of preparing companies for the digital transformation and continuous learning of employees in this area. These aspects can significantly affect the future success of the companies in the market.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The gradual aging of the generation creates space for the emergence of a new generation. Today, G... more The gradual aging of the generation creates space for the emergence of a new generation. Today, Generation Z is a much-discussed topic. This generation has various attributes such as iGeneration, Gen Tech, Online Generation, Facebook Generation, and many other technology-related attributes. Currently, great emphasis is placed on this generation, as they will be part of organizations in the next few years. For the successful position of companies in the market, it is very important to research this generation and its preparation for the work environment. Companies should look at how this generation can be reached, motivated, educated and maintained in their organization. As this generation has grown with technology, there is a high presumption that their adaptation will be natural to the current era of digitization. In our survey, we focused on Generation Z and its specifics. In 2018, we did a unique survey on a sample of 1181 people representing this generation. In the survey, we addressed issues related to the self-assessment of this generation in the areas of: technological skills, skills in applications / online games, the ability to learn new things, creativity, the ability to explain technology to friends / family, the ability to find appropriate technology to solve problems and communication in the online space. From the results, we found that young people rated very well, especially in their ability to learn new things, their creativity and their level of skills in applications / online services. As these capabilities are important for the future success of businesses, companies should begin to create the right conditions for Generation Z to maintain them. However, we observed from the results that the level of technological skills of young people is not very high, according to them. This can be a problem in today's digital age. The problem may also be in the current setting of the education system, as education in the field of digitization is not part of the school curriculum. However, it is essential for the future of companies that this young generation be fully adapted to the issue of digitization. It is also a challenge for companies to think about a suitable education system for this generation to survive and be competitive in the conditions of digitization.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The Covid-19 pandemic was indeed a global game changer. It impacted literally every part of our l... more The Covid-19 pandemic was indeed a global game changer. It impacted literally every part of our lives. The most notable part for most of us was the switch to remote work and collaboration. As meeting rooms were exchanged for Zoom calls and office spaces for our living rooms, we settled in to study the impact of remote working on our workforce. Initially the data coming in where excellent. They showed up to 60% productivity jumps, more free time for employees. Meetings were suddenly starting on time, and we saved on average more than 1 hour of our daily time commuting from work and back. Companies started to cancel office leases and where slowly planning migration to permanent working from home environment. However, as the pandemic drag on problems started to emerge. Mainly integration of new employees into the working process became a huge problem and drop our rates for new employees surged by as much as 30%. The main reason lack of communication, team interaction and personal oversight. New employees were missing the presence on the workplace, they failed in getting to know their new colleagues and felt lost under the load of new work left with just online calls to provide guidance. With first remote freshman arriving University of Comenius where facing the similar problem. To measure the effectiveness of various online integration tools and methods we have designed a scientific experiment in which we tried to measure the level of student integration achieved with the help of the most rapidly growing entertainment activity of our current time: gaming. In our experiment we have randomly assigned 60 students to 8 member teams. Over the course of two weeks two online classes where conducted. The experimental group of students that have never ever met physically in their lives was tasked with playing what during the pandemic became the most streamed game on twitch.tv platform Among US. A game oriented at cooperation that forced students to personal interaction and communication. At the conclusion of our study we found out that students noticed significant increase in trust between the team members. Students further rated that interpersonal communication in the team improved rapidly during the two weeks. In our article we aim to further analyse the impact and improvement of team abilities and cooperation in a remote team via introduction of computer games as a teambuilding tool.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 2020
Businesses in current era are challenged by many sustainability issues, where one extremely impor... more Businesses in current era are challenged by many sustainability issues, where one extremely important is regarding labor market and HR transformation. In this article we have looked at the aspects of human capital which are necessary for long term sustainability, and that is the relation between the workplace design and the skills and abilities of the employees. The paper presents the views and opinions of various authors and the results of several research articles on skill and educational mismatch to highlight the importance of proper job design. The article also presents the results of own research of 200 Slovak companies focused on changes in HRM under the influence of ongoing changes. The main findings are the differences in skills and educational mismatch between countries, which have also been analyzed from the point of view of trust in management and quality of management as well as the involvement of line managers and HR departments in recruitment, selection and employee assessment processes. From the point of view of Slovak Republic, findings are presented which contradict the generally discussed topic of educational mismatch and point to the insufficient design of the workplaces and the related low utilization of the human capital potential in the country.
16th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning ICICKM 2019, 2019
This paper provides qualitative research evidence on skills priorities in recruiting and selectio... more This paper provides qualitative research evidence on skills priorities in recruiting and selection of new employees. The adaptation of organizations to changing external environment is a topic that is currently explored and presented from different points of view. Human resources and human capital are topics of resource-based approaches to obtaining sustainable competitiveness. In particular, the issue is the ability to efficiently acquire and exploit knowledge and support a knowledge culture to promote the innovativeness and progress of organizations. Today, great attention is devoted to technical and IT skills, or creativity, under the influence of ongoing technological change driven by the Fourth industrial revolution. The goal of our survey among recruiters and human resource managers on a sample of 200 businesses was to identify priorities among the thirteen skills and abilities. The research was conducted in 2018 through questionnaire distributed directly to HR managers. The results are analyzed from the point of view of competences of the knowledge workers as well as the concept of the learning organization. The research paper analyzes different approaches and priorities devoted in companies looking for employees for a short period (for less than two years) and for companies looking for employees for a longer period of time. Advanced statistical methods have been used to compare individual sample groups of companies to identify significant statistical differences in the approach to skills preferences for new employees. Although human capital is an object of interest in the knowledge management, the distribution of knowledge among employees within the organization is considered to be its core activity. Positive finding of the research is the high priority of companies in team skills and ability to learn in selecting new employees. On the contrary only a small proportion of companies surveyed concerned technological and IT skill as key when recruiting new employees.
15th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance, 2019
In the era of technological and entrepreneurial change, the main source of competitiveness is bas... more In the era of technological and entrepreneurial change, the main source of competitiveness is based on innovation. Innovation activities of companies are however not only focused on technological changes but are focused as well on processes, organization, marketing, products and services or the whole business model change. Innovation leaders, as well as the innovation followers are well aware of this, which can be observed in shifts in expectations on employee skills and characteristics that will be necessary for long term sustainability and innovativeness. Our research is focused on the analysis of employee characteristics from the point of view of employers' assessment in the context of innovation activity. While many studies have been conducted presenting findings on large companies, the theory lacks deeper insights regarding SME specifics. This study was conducted on a unique sample of 245 SME owners from three innovative countries of DACH region presenting an alternative view of innovation drivers. While many articles and research studies focus on innovation typology, innovation activity and the comparison of country innovation activity, the aim of this article was to analyse other aspects that affect enterprise innovativeness. The results point out to the fact that managers and business owners are the ones who set the trigger for innovative behaviour of companies, although the focus on strategic performance management such as balanced scorecard or resource based methods such as intellectual capital management put people and employee perspective in the forefront. Within the analysis, advanced statistical methods were used, analysing the statistical significance of differences between engaged and note engaged employees and their characteristics based on Chi square test. Regression and correlation analysis was further used in order to identify significant dependencies among analysed characteristics. Based on our findings, the most significant dependencies in relation to the innovations made are precisely in relation to the innovativeness and proactivity of managers and owners.
Verslas teorija ir praktika, 2018
Distinguishing an organisation from the competition, and building a position noticeably ahead of ... more Distinguishing an organisation from the competition, and building a position noticeably ahead of it entails the identification , attracting, education, development, and especially retaining of quality and talented employees. The objective of the article is to analyse the link between the region of operation of the organisation and its focus on the activities related to talent management, and to specify the overall change in the focus of organisations on talent management in time. Several partial objectives, such as a questionnaire survey conducted in Slovak organisations between 2013-2017, were fulfilled in order to accomplish this objective. Statistical hypothesis testing aimed at specifying the relationship between the region of operation of the given organisation and the execution of activities related to talent management in it, and the focus of the organisation on career planning of all the categories of employees, confirmed a link between the analysed variables. Positive changes in the selected attributes in time were evaluated by the fixed-base index.
Sustainability, 2019
The new challenges that will currently affect the existence and sustainability of businesses stem... more The new challenges that will currently affect the existence and sustainability of businesses stem from the dramatic changes that come from the fourth industrial revolution. Based on the concept of intellectual capital management as a resource-based strategic management approach, which leads to the management of structural, human, and relational capital, sustainable human resource management underlines the involvement of partnerships and external relations in learning and personal development processes. Industry 4.0 expects major changes in human resource management and processes such as education. Organizations will benefit from the new knowledge in the near future that will need to be brought into the internal environment of the organization constantly. However, this will require cooperation with the external environment, and the resulting new education opportunities built on cooperation with external partners, organizations, and educational institutions. Innovations as essential factors in adapting to major changes in the environment will be key in all organizational processes, including educational. This paper focuses on comparing highly innovative countries and less innovative countries in Central Europe, analyzing 1482 businesses by looking at differences in attitude towards employee education and individual forms of employee education. The main statistically significant difference is in the strategic approach to employee education and development and the setup between innovative countries and moderate innovators.
Polish Journal of Management Studies, 2019
The speed of changes, determining business environment, is increasing rapidly with the emerging F... more The speed of changes, determining business environment, is increasing rapidly with the emerging Fourth Industrial Revolution. If Slovak organisations aspire to maintain competitiveness, they will need to keep pace with the organisations that react quickly to such changes. Open communication, as an instrument of effective engagement of human resources may be among the instruments of increasing the chances of organisations to maintain competitiveness. The presented article aims at identifying the level of the implementation of open communication attributes in Slovak organisations, and at evaluating the reasons and consequences resulting from the findings to managerial work. The analysis of the level of openness of communication processes in year 2018 on 214 Slovak organisations was performed by an electronic questionnaire survey. The data collected from the questionnaire survey were subsequently statistically processed, while in addition to descriptive statistics, a method of correlation analysis, particularly statistical Pearson parametric correlation test (r), was used. The results proves the existence of a statistically significant relation between the frequency of attending communication trainings by the managers and the level of the support of employees in bottom-up communication and also the level of influencing informal communication in organisations.
10th European Conference on Intangibles and Intellectual Capital, 2019
The formation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, named also as Industry 4.0, is a topic that at... more The formation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, named also as Industry 4.0, is a topic that attracts the attention of many people, mainly industrial and IT specialists and business managers. Existing scientific studies generally suggest that Industry 4.0 will cause in the coming period a revolution in the business management and the way managers deal with sources of competitiveness. The challenges of this movement create tremendous opportunities for those innovative producers who will engage external partners, incorporate their knowledge and potential into own innovation and operational processes and will systematically develop relations with their partners. The aim of this article is to analyse the perceived benefits of partnerships in innovative and less innovative countries as well as to analyse the role of trust in these partnerships. This article presents the results of our own research, which shows the main differences in the perceived benefits of cooperation in the Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Austria and Germany on a sample of 218 large companies. The Slovak Republic and Czech Republic as moderate innovators in European Union feel primary knowledge and organizational benefits from partnerships, focused mostly on cost efficiency and greater bargaining power. On the other hand Austrian and German companies perceive much more development benefits and benefits related to innovation process which both lead to faster business growth and competitiveness. While Slovak and Czech companies lag in innovation activity as well as in competitiveness, an example of German and Austrian businesses can serve as a source of benchmark and inspiration. The study further points to the importance of trust in mutual benefits of cooperation and its effect on actual perceived benefits. Results show the trust effects the most those benefits that are related to innovation as well as growth and development of an organization. Our study presents a novel view on cooperation benefits, which can be of use especially for developing economies and companies that aim to increase their innovation activity.
Verslas teorija ir praktika, 2019
Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized Eu... more Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized European countries. In particular, due to the new technologies that are characteristic of Industry 4.0, it will be essential for companies to make the necessary changes and achieve competitiveness through the implementation of these technologies. In order for companies to be able to make radical changes and innovations, they need to secure all the supporting areas in their organization. Changes resulting from new technologies will affect areas such as employee education and training, organizational culture, strategy, or organizational processes. This research paper is focused on comparison of companies from Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany and Switzerland in the context of readiness for Industry 4.0. We have analysed companies from selected countries based on 7 areas which are closely interconnected with the business transformation and technology transformation coming from Industry 4.0. Research has highlighted the differences between countries as a result of long-standing cultural differences, but at the same time identified the unified influence of the ongoing global debate on the need for technological innovation.
Economic Annals-XXI, 2018
Culture is a central topic of the behavioural studies of organisation. It has an impact on variou... more Culture is a central topic of the behavioural studies of organisation. It has an impact on various business areas and business performance. Our intention is to examine the impact of culture on innovation activities of enterprises. Given the large differences in innovation activities and innovativeness in European countries according to different rankings, it is meaningful to explore possible reasons. In this regard, authors of scientific researches explore many aspects, whereas we have focused on the impact of culture. To go deeper into our research, we conducted an analysis of two cultures from one region. One group is represented by three countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland (AT, DE, CH, respectively). The other group is represented by the Czech Republic (CZ). By undertaking a large-scale questionnaire survey in 2015-2018, we were able to obtain approximately the same sample for both groups, which allowed us to compare and draw conclusions. Both sample groups contained more than 400 respondents, with the first group having 574 and the second group consisting of 419 respondents. The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of national cultures on business behaviour, especially with regard to innovations. The contribution of this article is a comparative study of the in-depth analysis of cultural relations and innovation activities. The main results presented in this study show that cultural aspects in the examined groups have a strong impact on perceiving business partners as reliable, having trust in benefits of mutual cooperation, presenting positive role models or encouragement to innovation and creativity in education. In particular, willingness to cooperate and less anxiety or fear of know-hows being stolen, which is observed in the group of AT, DE, CH companies, may lead them to their position of strong and excellent innovators. Meanwhile, Czech companies and their behaviour are largely influenced by their historical experiences and only starting to move towards a more open innovation culture, with strategic partnerships being a new trend. Папула Я. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Кохнова Л. кандидат економічних наук, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Папулова З. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Вплив національної культури на інноваційну діяльність підприємств: кейс Німеччини, Австрії, Швейцарії та Чехії Анотація. Культура є центральною темою дослідження поведінки організацій. Вона впливає як на ділову активність, так і на ефективність ведення бізнесу. Мета цього дослідження полягає у вивченні впливу культури на інноваційну діяльність підприємств. Беручи до уваги суттєві відмінності, що стосуються як інноваційної діяльності, так і інноваційності в європейських країнах, автори статті вивчили можливі причини появи даного явища. У той час як інші дослідники звертають увагу на все різноманіття причин, що обумовлюють появу відповідних відмінностей між країнами, автори цього дослідження зосередили увагу на культурному аспекті. Для того, щоб зробити більш глибоке дослідження, автори статті провели порівняльний аналіз двох культур одного регіону, визначивши дві групи країн. Перша група представлена Німеччиною, Австрією та Швейцарією, друга-Чеською Республікою. Oпитування, проведене в період 2015-2018 рр., включало в себе 993 респонденти. Результати, отримані під час дослідження, показують, що фактор культури має істотний вплив на сприйняття ділових партнерів, взаємовигідне співробітництво, побудову позитивних рольових моделей, інноваційний розвиток та розвиток освіти. Зокрема, готовність до співпраці в групі країн «Німеччина-Австрія-Швейцарія», а також менший ступінь стурбованості стосовно можливості крадіжок ноу-хау в групі, до якої належать німецькі, австрійські та швейцарські компанії, дозволяє їм займати стійкі лідерські позиції в сфері інновацій. У той же час поведінка чеських компаній значною мірою зазнає впливів історичного досвіду й тільки починає давати паростки більш відкритої інноваційної культури з елементами стратегічного партнерства як нового тренду.
Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues, 2017
Cha nges i n the business envi ronment, caused by the transiti on to a knowledge economy, hi ghli... more Cha nges i n the business envi ronment, caused by the transiti on to a knowledge economy, hi ghli ght the importance of innova tion in enterprises. Innova ti on is not considered solel y in terms of technology and investment in research and development, but also i n business processes, servi ces and s trategies. Development perspecti ves on i nnova ti on and its present shape best descri be the transi tion from a closed to an open innova ti on model. Open innova tion is mainl y used in la rge enterprises, gi ven thei r exis ting rela tionships wi th external enti ties. SMEs, on the other hand show distrus t in sha rin g knowledge and know-how, because of the potential abuse by competi tors. This paper focuses on the cha ra cteristi cs of innova ti ve businesses, wi th a compa rati ve anal ysis of i nnova ti ve enterprises and those tha t onl y consider themselves as innova ti ve. The s tudy also i ndi cates the different unders tanding of the notion of innova tion between those tha t see the s tra tegi c importance of innova ti on and those tha t do not.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 2016
Business process management (BPM) as a systematic managerial approach enables organization's work... more Business process management (BPM) as a systematic managerial approach enables organization's workflow to be more effective, more efficient and more capable to adapt to an ever-changing environment. BPM attempts to improve processes continuously with consideration of customer's needs and requirements. The concept of BPM is not new, however many companies are still struggling with the implementation of BPM and with application of concept and methods based on process approach. The article presents findings of our research on current state of implementation and application of BPM in enterprises operating in Slovak Republic. Our study was focused on several aspects related to BPM such as examination of the reasons why managers decide to implement BPM in their businesses, the level of process mapping, the level of usage of concept and methods of BPM as well as the detection of limitations and barriers of process management implementation and application.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015
This paper deals with the topic of entrepreneurship, especially in terms of approach and decision... more This paper deals with the topic of entrepreneurship, especially in terms of approach and decision-making of young people studying business and management at university if to become an entrepreneur. An interest to start own business might be influenced by many factors. Some factors are general and related to the overall situation in the economy, to business conditions and preconditions for success in business. On the other hand, if we look at younger generation, students, some factors might be very specifically related to this age group. We as university teachers are mostly interested in questions of education and training of young people in business and entrepreneurship. If the main purpose of our research was to determine the current students interested in business and especially their orientation in how to do business, so we channeled our research on a group of students from faculties dealing with the development of the two fields of study. Our paper shows the results of our study. In the research we used questionnaires on 126 respondents. These respondents were students of universities in bachelor and master studies in Slovak Republic. Based on the evaluation and results of our research, we summarize the main findings and preferences of students in terms of starting a business.
Although the topic Smart Industry or Industry 4.0 is a relatively new issue, managers perceive it... more Although the topic Smart Industry or Industry 4.0 is a relatively new issue, managers perceive it as real and very close matter. This paper focuses not only on the description of the main characteristics, but especially on business initiatives aimed at preparation for the Smart Industry. Many analytical reports are produced by the consulting companies; also national governments present their strategic documents. Initiatives and implementations, however, are expected by enterprises, especially industrial. From the view of development of the Slovak economy, it is interesting to see the relationship of Slovak companies towards this topic and compare it with relationship of companies from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. This paper presents particular findings of our research.
The concept of core competence refers to the possibility of an organization to build permanent an... more The concept of core competence refers to the possibility of an organization to build permanent and sustainable competitive advantage in todays ever-changing and unpredictable environment. To achieve long-term success, it is better to find the source of its competitiveness within the company, because the only stable certainty in a constantly changing environment is the internal capacity stemming from a desire to be successful in the future. This paper responds to current issues related to building and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage.
The evolution of information and communication technologies is influenced by trends, which should... more The evolution of information and communication technologies is influenced by trends, which should be perceived and reflected. This also applies to e-learning in support of higher education. Web-based services, such as Software as a Service or Cloud Computing, and also the development of mobile devices and mobile internet, and the development of modern format for distributing web content, are some of the trends that affect our everyday lives. Change in the access to electronic content changes also the way it is consumed. A clear trend is showed by fast expanding of the Massive Open Online Courses. Compared with these simple and purposeful portals, the traditional e-learning portals for universities seem to be outdated and cluttered. This paper is devoted to reason and benefits obtained from the transition from the most widely used Open Source LMS Moodle to innovative new cloud solution iSmart. This paper also presents the perception of the change by the students of the Faculty of Management at Comenius University in Bratislava. Special view is also dedicated to the real benefits of e-learning, which is proven by a sample of students from compulsory subject "Controlling". Presented are the results of the review on how continuous learning in e-learning iSmart influenced the final grades. The purpose of the article is to point not only on the advanced technology in e-learning, but also on the need of a methodological framework for development and operation of e-learning courses.
Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján, Oborilová Andrea. 2014. Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncep... more Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján, Oborilová Andrea. 2014. Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncepciu procesného manažmentu. Bratislava: Kartprint, ISBN 978-80-89553-23-5. 223 s.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution is irreversible and we need to adapt to this tren... more The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution is irreversible and we need to adapt to this trend. The Fourth Industrial Revolution brings many changes that today's businesses have to face. The changes are mainly of a technological nature and we need to respond to them quickly and appropriately. Companies should gradually prepare for the digital transformation that Industry 4.0 brings and adapt their processes as well. Current research suggests that the demand will be mainly for employees who have digital skills. It is essential for organizations to build the conditions for education in the digitization area. Therefore, it is very important that companies engaged in the issues of recruiting employees with digital skills, but also the possibility of training in the digitization area. In our survey, we looked at what areas are currently being discussed in companies from an HR perspective and to what extent. In 2019, we did a unique research in which we addressed 431 HR workers. In the survey, we found out to what extent the areas are discussed in companies: emphasis on digital skills in recruitment, preparation for the digitization of processes and the transition to Industry 4.0, setting up a system of lifelong learning, the introduction of flexible forms of work organization. We compared the results based on the size of the company, the sector in which the surveyed companies operated and the stage of the life cycle. Respondents stated that the areas: the emphasis on digital skills in recruitment and preparation for the digitization of processes and the transition to Industry 4.0 are not so much discussed in their company. On the other hand areas: setting up a system of lifelong learning and introducing flexible forms of work organization is a topic of discussion in their company. Based on the results, we can state that the companies try to create especially suitable conditions for employees in terms of their training and enabling flexible work. With this research, we would like to draw attention to the importance of preparing companies for the digital transformation and continuous learning of employees in this area. These aspects can significantly affect the future success of the companies in the market.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The gradual aging of the generation creates space for the emergence of a new generation. Today, G... more The gradual aging of the generation creates space for the emergence of a new generation. Today, Generation Z is a much-discussed topic. This generation has various attributes such as iGeneration, Gen Tech, Online Generation, Facebook Generation, and many other technology-related attributes. Currently, great emphasis is placed on this generation, as they will be part of organizations in the next few years. For the successful position of companies in the market, it is very important to research this generation and its preparation for the work environment. Companies should look at how this generation can be reached, motivated, educated and maintained in their organization. As this generation has grown with technology, there is a high presumption that their adaptation will be natural to the current era of digitization. In our survey, we focused on Generation Z and its specifics. In 2018, we did a unique survey on a sample of 1181 people representing this generation. In the survey, we addressed issues related to the self-assessment of this generation in the areas of: technological skills, skills in applications / online games, the ability to learn new things, creativity, the ability to explain technology to friends / family, the ability to find appropriate technology to solve problems and communication in the online space. From the results, we found that young people rated very well, especially in their ability to learn new things, their creativity and their level of skills in applications / online services. As these capabilities are important for the future success of businesses, companies should begin to create the right conditions for Generation Z to maintain them. However, we observed from the results that the level of technological skills of young people is not very high, according to them. This can be a problem in today's digital age. The problem may also be in the current setting of the education system, as education in the field of digitization is not part of the school curriculum. However, it is essential for the future of companies that this young generation be fully adapted to the issue of digitization. It is also a challenge for companies to think about a suitable education system for this generation to survive and be competitive in the conditions of digitization.
Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2021
The Covid-19 pandemic was indeed a global game changer. It impacted literally every part of our l... more The Covid-19 pandemic was indeed a global game changer. It impacted literally every part of our lives. The most notable part for most of us was the switch to remote work and collaboration. As meeting rooms were exchanged for Zoom calls and office spaces for our living rooms, we settled in to study the impact of remote working on our workforce. Initially the data coming in where excellent. They showed up to 60% productivity jumps, more free time for employees. Meetings were suddenly starting on time, and we saved on average more than 1 hour of our daily time commuting from work and back. Companies started to cancel office leases and where slowly planning migration to permanent working from home environment. However, as the pandemic drag on problems started to emerge. Mainly integration of new employees into the working process became a huge problem and drop our rates for new employees surged by as much as 30%. The main reason lack of communication, team interaction and personal oversight. New employees were missing the presence on the workplace, they failed in getting to know their new colleagues and felt lost under the load of new work left with just online calls to provide guidance. With first remote freshman arriving University of Comenius where facing the similar problem. To measure the effectiveness of various online integration tools and methods we have designed a scientific experiment in which we tried to measure the level of student integration achieved with the help of the most rapidly growing entertainment activity of our current time: gaming. In our experiment we have randomly assigned 60 students to 8 member teams. Over the course of two weeks two online classes where conducted. The experimental group of students that have never ever met physically in their lives was tasked with playing what during the pandemic became the most streamed game on twitch.tv platform Among US. A game oriented at cooperation that forced students to personal interaction and communication. At the conclusion of our study we found out that students noticed significant increase in trust between the team members. Students further rated that interpersonal communication in the team improved rapidly during the two weeks. In our article we aim to further analyse the impact and improvement of team abilities and cooperation in a remote team via introduction of computer games as a teambuilding tool.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 2020
Businesses in current era are challenged by many sustainability issues, where one extremely impor... more Businesses in current era are challenged by many sustainability issues, where one extremely important is regarding labor market and HR transformation. In this article we have looked at the aspects of human capital which are necessary for long term sustainability, and that is the relation between the workplace design and the skills and abilities of the employees. The paper presents the views and opinions of various authors and the results of several research articles on skill and educational mismatch to highlight the importance of proper job design. The article also presents the results of own research of 200 Slovak companies focused on changes in HRM under the influence of ongoing changes. The main findings are the differences in skills and educational mismatch between countries, which have also been analyzed from the point of view of trust in management and quality of management as well as the involvement of line managers and HR departments in recruitment, selection and employee assessment processes. From the point of view of Slovak Republic, findings are presented which contradict the generally discussed topic of educational mismatch and point to the insufficient design of the workplaces and the related low utilization of the human capital potential in the country.
16th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning ICICKM 2019, 2019
This paper provides qualitative research evidence on skills priorities in recruiting and selectio... more This paper provides qualitative research evidence on skills priorities in recruiting and selection of new employees. The adaptation of organizations to changing external environment is a topic that is currently explored and presented from different points of view. Human resources and human capital are topics of resource-based approaches to obtaining sustainable competitiveness. In particular, the issue is the ability to efficiently acquire and exploit knowledge and support a knowledge culture to promote the innovativeness and progress of organizations. Today, great attention is devoted to technical and IT skills, or creativity, under the influence of ongoing technological change driven by the Fourth industrial revolution. The goal of our survey among recruiters and human resource managers on a sample of 200 businesses was to identify priorities among the thirteen skills and abilities. The research was conducted in 2018 through questionnaire distributed directly to HR managers. The results are analyzed from the point of view of competences of the knowledge workers as well as the concept of the learning organization. The research paper analyzes different approaches and priorities devoted in companies looking for employees for a short period (for less than two years) and for companies looking for employees for a longer period of time. Advanced statistical methods have been used to compare individual sample groups of companies to identify significant statistical differences in the approach to skills preferences for new employees. Although human capital is an object of interest in the knowledge management, the distribution of knowledge among employees within the organization is considered to be its core activity. Positive finding of the research is the high priority of companies in team skills and ability to learn in selecting new employees. On the contrary only a small proportion of companies surveyed concerned technological and IT skill as key when recruiting new employees.
15th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance, 2019
In the era of technological and entrepreneurial change, the main source of competitiveness is bas... more In the era of technological and entrepreneurial change, the main source of competitiveness is based on innovation. Innovation activities of companies are however not only focused on technological changes but are focused as well on processes, organization, marketing, products and services or the whole business model change. Innovation leaders, as well as the innovation followers are well aware of this, which can be observed in shifts in expectations on employee skills and characteristics that will be necessary for long term sustainability and innovativeness. Our research is focused on the analysis of employee characteristics from the point of view of employers' assessment in the context of innovation activity. While many studies have been conducted presenting findings on large companies, the theory lacks deeper insights regarding SME specifics. This study was conducted on a unique sample of 245 SME owners from three innovative countries of DACH region presenting an alternative view of innovation drivers. While many articles and research studies focus on innovation typology, innovation activity and the comparison of country innovation activity, the aim of this article was to analyse other aspects that affect enterprise innovativeness. The results point out to the fact that managers and business owners are the ones who set the trigger for innovative behaviour of companies, although the focus on strategic performance management such as balanced scorecard or resource based methods such as intellectual capital management put people and employee perspective in the forefront. Within the analysis, advanced statistical methods were used, analysing the statistical significance of differences between engaged and note engaged employees and their characteristics based on Chi square test. Regression and correlation analysis was further used in order to identify significant dependencies among analysed characteristics. Based on our findings, the most significant dependencies in relation to the innovations made are precisely in relation to the innovativeness and proactivity of managers and owners.
Verslas teorija ir praktika, 2018
Distinguishing an organisation from the competition, and building a position noticeably ahead of ... more Distinguishing an organisation from the competition, and building a position noticeably ahead of it entails the identification , attracting, education, development, and especially retaining of quality and talented employees. The objective of the article is to analyse the link between the region of operation of the organisation and its focus on the activities related to talent management, and to specify the overall change in the focus of organisations on talent management in time. Several partial objectives, such as a questionnaire survey conducted in Slovak organisations between 2013-2017, were fulfilled in order to accomplish this objective. Statistical hypothesis testing aimed at specifying the relationship between the region of operation of the given organisation and the execution of activities related to talent management in it, and the focus of the organisation on career planning of all the categories of employees, confirmed a link between the analysed variables. Positive changes in the selected attributes in time were evaluated by the fixed-base index.
Sustainability, 2019
The new challenges that will currently affect the existence and sustainability of businesses stem... more The new challenges that will currently affect the existence and sustainability of businesses stem from the dramatic changes that come from the fourth industrial revolution. Based on the concept of intellectual capital management as a resource-based strategic management approach, which leads to the management of structural, human, and relational capital, sustainable human resource management underlines the involvement of partnerships and external relations in learning and personal development processes. Industry 4.0 expects major changes in human resource management and processes such as education. Organizations will benefit from the new knowledge in the near future that will need to be brought into the internal environment of the organization constantly. However, this will require cooperation with the external environment, and the resulting new education opportunities built on cooperation with external partners, organizations, and educational institutions. Innovations as essential factors in adapting to major changes in the environment will be key in all organizational processes, including educational. This paper focuses on comparing highly innovative countries and less innovative countries in Central Europe, analyzing 1482 businesses by looking at differences in attitude towards employee education and individual forms of employee education. The main statistically significant difference is in the strategic approach to employee education and development and the setup between innovative countries and moderate innovators.
Polish Journal of Management Studies, 2019
The speed of changes, determining business environment, is increasing rapidly with the emerging F... more The speed of changes, determining business environment, is increasing rapidly with the emerging Fourth Industrial Revolution. If Slovak organisations aspire to maintain competitiveness, they will need to keep pace with the organisations that react quickly to such changes. Open communication, as an instrument of effective engagement of human resources may be among the instruments of increasing the chances of organisations to maintain competitiveness. The presented article aims at identifying the level of the implementation of open communication attributes in Slovak organisations, and at evaluating the reasons and consequences resulting from the findings to managerial work. The analysis of the level of openness of communication processes in year 2018 on 214 Slovak organisations was performed by an electronic questionnaire survey. The data collected from the questionnaire survey were subsequently statistically processed, while in addition to descriptive statistics, a method of correlation analysis, particularly statistical Pearson parametric correlation test (r), was used. The results proves the existence of a statistically significant relation between the frequency of attending communication trainings by the managers and the level of the support of employees in bottom-up communication and also the level of influencing informal communication in organisations.
10th European Conference on Intangibles and Intellectual Capital, 2019
The formation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, named also as Industry 4.0, is a topic that at... more The formation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, named also as Industry 4.0, is a topic that attracts the attention of many people, mainly industrial and IT specialists and business managers. Existing scientific studies generally suggest that Industry 4.0 will cause in the coming period a revolution in the business management and the way managers deal with sources of competitiveness. The challenges of this movement create tremendous opportunities for those innovative producers who will engage external partners, incorporate their knowledge and potential into own innovation and operational processes and will systematically develop relations with their partners. The aim of this article is to analyse the perceived benefits of partnerships in innovative and less innovative countries as well as to analyse the role of trust in these partnerships. This article presents the results of our own research, which shows the main differences in the perceived benefits of cooperation in the Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Austria and Germany on a sample of 218 large companies. The Slovak Republic and Czech Republic as moderate innovators in European Union feel primary knowledge and organizational benefits from partnerships, focused mostly on cost efficiency and greater bargaining power. On the other hand Austrian and German companies perceive much more development benefits and benefits related to innovation process which both lead to faster business growth and competitiveness. While Slovak and Czech companies lag in innovation activity as well as in competitiveness, an example of German and Austrian businesses can serve as a source of benchmark and inspiration. The study further points to the importance of trust in mutual benefits of cooperation and its effect on actual perceived benefits. Results show the trust effects the most those benefits that are related to innovation as well as growth and development of an organization. Our study presents a novel view on cooperation benefits, which can be of use especially for developing economies and companies that aim to increase their innovation activity.
Verslas teorija ir praktika, 2019
Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized Eu... more Radical changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly affect industrialized European countries. In particular, due to the new technologies that are characteristic of Industry 4.0, it will be essential for companies to make the necessary changes and achieve competitiveness through the implementation of these technologies. In order for companies to be able to make radical changes and innovations, they need to secure all the supporting areas in their organization. Changes resulting from new technologies will affect areas such as employee education and training, organizational culture, strategy, or organizational processes. This research paper is focused on comparison of companies from Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Germany and Switzerland in the context of readiness for Industry 4.0. We have analysed companies from selected countries based on 7 areas which are closely interconnected with the business transformation and technology transformation coming from Industry 4.0. Research has highlighted the differences between countries as a result of long-standing cultural differences, but at the same time identified the unified influence of the ongoing global debate on the need for technological innovation.
Economic Annals-XXI, 2018
Culture is a central topic of the behavioural studies of organisation. It has an impact on variou... more Culture is a central topic of the behavioural studies of organisation. It has an impact on various business areas and business performance. Our intention is to examine the impact of culture on innovation activities of enterprises. Given the large differences in innovation activities and innovativeness in European countries according to different rankings, it is meaningful to explore possible reasons. In this regard, authors of scientific researches explore many aspects, whereas we have focused on the impact of culture. To go deeper into our research, we conducted an analysis of two cultures from one region. One group is represented by three countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland (AT, DE, CH, respectively). The other group is represented by the Czech Republic (CZ). By undertaking a large-scale questionnaire survey in 2015-2018, we were able to obtain approximately the same sample for both groups, which allowed us to compare and draw conclusions. Both sample groups contained more than 400 respondents, with the first group having 574 and the second group consisting of 419 respondents. The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of national cultures on business behaviour, especially with regard to innovations. The contribution of this article is a comparative study of the in-depth analysis of cultural relations and innovation activities. The main results presented in this study show that cultural aspects in the examined groups have a strong impact on perceiving business partners as reliable, having trust in benefits of mutual cooperation, presenting positive role models or encouragement to innovation and creativity in education. In particular, willingness to cooperate and less anxiety or fear of know-hows being stolen, which is observed in the group of AT, DE, CH companies, may lead them to their position of strong and excellent innovators. Meanwhile, Czech companies and their behaviour are largely influenced by their historical experiences and only starting to move towards a more open innovation culture, with strategic partnerships being a new trend. Папула Я. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Кохнова Л. кандидат економічних наук, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Папулова З. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, викладач, факультет управління, Університет Коменського, Братислава, Словаччина Вплив національної культури на інноваційну діяльність підприємств: кейс Німеччини, Австрії, Швейцарії та Чехії Анотація. Культура є центральною темою дослідження поведінки організацій. Вона впливає як на ділову активність, так і на ефективність ведення бізнесу. Мета цього дослідження полягає у вивченні впливу культури на інноваційну діяльність підприємств. Беручи до уваги суттєві відмінності, що стосуються як інноваційної діяльності, так і інноваційності в європейських країнах, автори статті вивчили можливі причини появи даного явища. У той час як інші дослідники звертають увагу на все різноманіття причин, що обумовлюють появу відповідних відмінностей між країнами, автори цього дослідження зосередили увагу на культурному аспекті. Для того, щоб зробити більш глибоке дослідження, автори статті провели порівняльний аналіз двох культур одного регіону, визначивши дві групи країн. Перша група представлена Німеччиною, Австрією та Швейцарією, друга-Чеською Республікою. Oпитування, проведене в період 2015-2018 рр., включало в себе 993 респонденти. Результати, отримані під час дослідження, показують, що фактор культури має істотний вплив на сприйняття ділових партнерів, взаємовигідне співробітництво, побудову позитивних рольових моделей, інноваційний розвиток та розвиток освіти. Зокрема, готовність до співпраці в групі країн «Німеччина-Австрія-Швейцарія», а також менший ступінь стурбованості стосовно можливості крадіжок ноу-хау в групі, до якої належать німецькі, австрійські та швейцарські компанії, дозволяє їм займати стійкі лідерські позиції в сфері інновацій. У той же час поведінка чеських компаній значною мірою зазнає впливів історичного досвіду й тільки починає давати паростки більш відкритої інноваційної культури з елементами стратегічного партнерства як нового тренду.
Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues, 2017
Cha nges i n the business envi ronment, caused by the transiti on to a knowledge economy, hi ghli... more Cha nges i n the business envi ronment, caused by the transiti on to a knowledge economy, hi ghli ght the importance of innova tion in enterprises. Innova ti on is not considered solel y in terms of technology and investment in research and development, but also i n business processes, servi ces and s trategies. Development perspecti ves on i nnova ti on and its present shape best descri be the transi tion from a closed to an open innova ti on model. Open innova tion is mainl y used in la rge enterprises, gi ven thei r exis ting rela tionships wi th external enti ties. SMEs, on the other hand show distrus t in sha rin g knowledge and know-how, because of the potential abuse by competi tors. This paper focuses on the cha ra cteristi cs of innova ti ve businesses, wi th a compa rati ve anal ysis of i nnova ti ve enterprises and those tha t onl y consider themselves as innova ti ve. The s tudy also i ndi cates the different unders tanding of the notion of innova tion between those tha t see the s tra tegi c importance of innova ti on and those tha t do not.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 2016
Business process management (BPM) as a systematic managerial approach enables organization's work... more Business process management (BPM) as a systematic managerial approach enables organization's workflow to be more effective, more efficient and more capable to adapt to an ever-changing environment. BPM attempts to improve processes continuously with consideration of customer's needs and requirements. The concept of BPM is not new, however many companies are still struggling with the implementation of BPM and with application of concept and methods based on process approach. The article presents findings of our research on current state of implementation and application of BPM in enterprises operating in Slovak Republic. Our study was focused on several aspects related to BPM such as examination of the reasons why managers decide to implement BPM in their businesses, the level of process mapping, the level of usage of concept and methods of BPM as well as the detection of limitations and barriers of process management implementation and application.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015
This paper deals with the topic of entrepreneurship, especially in terms of approach and decision... more This paper deals with the topic of entrepreneurship, especially in terms of approach and decision-making of young people studying business and management at university if to become an entrepreneur. An interest to start own business might be influenced by many factors. Some factors are general and related to the overall situation in the economy, to business conditions and preconditions for success in business. On the other hand, if we look at younger generation, students, some factors might be very specifically related to this age group. We as university teachers are mostly interested in questions of education and training of young people in business and entrepreneurship. If the main purpose of our research was to determine the current students interested in business and especially their orientation in how to do business, so we channeled our research on a group of students from faculties dealing with the development of the two fields of study. Our paper shows the results of our study. In the research we used questionnaires on 126 respondents. These respondents were students of universities in bachelor and master studies in Slovak Republic. Based on the evaluation and results of our research, we summarize the main findings and preferences of students in terms of starting a business.
Although the topic Smart Industry or Industry 4.0 is a relatively new issue, managers perceive it... more Although the topic Smart Industry or Industry 4.0 is a relatively new issue, managers perceive it as real and very close matter. This paper focuses not only on the description of the main characteristics, but especially on business initiatives aimed at preparation for the Smart Industry. Many analytical reports are produced by the consulting companies; also national governments present their strategic documents. Initiatives and implementations, however, are expected by enterprises, especially industrial. From the view of development of the Slovak economy, it is interesting to see the relationship of Slovak companies towards this topic and compare it with relationship of companies from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. This paper presents particular findings of our research.
The concept of core competence refers to the possibility of an organization to build permanent an... more The concept of core competence refers to the possibility of an organization to build permanent and sustainable competitive advantage in todays ever-changing and unpredictable environment. To achieve long-term success, it is better to find the source of its competitiveness within the company, because the only stable certainty in a constantly changing environment is the internal capacity stemming from a desire to be successful in the future. This paper responds to current issues related to building and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage.
The evolution of information and communication technologies is influenced by trends, which should... more The evolution of information and communication technologies is influenced by trends, which should be perceived and reflected. This also applies to e-learning in support of higher education. Web-based services, such as Software as a Service or Cloud Computing, and also the development of mobile devices and mobile internet, and the development of modern format for distributing web content, are some of the trends that affect our everyday lives. Change in the access to electronic content changes also the way it is consumed. A clear trend is showed by fast expanding of the Massive Open Online Courses. Compared with these simple and purposeful portals, the traditional e-learning portals for universities seem to be outdated and cluttered. This paper is devoted to reason and benefits obtained from the transition from the most widely used Open Source LMS Moodle to innovative new cloud solution iSmart. This paper also presents the perception of the change by the students of the Faculty of Management at Comenius University in Bratislava. Special view is also dedicated to the real benefits of e-learning, which is proven by a sample of students from compulsory subject "Controlling". Presented are the results of the review on how continuous learning in e-learning iSmart influenced the final grades. The purpose of the article is to point not only on the advanced technology in e-learning, but also on the need of a methodological framework for development and operation of e-learning courses.
Jozef Papula, Monika Hudáková, Emília Papulová, Ján Papula. 2015. Podnikanie a podnikateľské mysl... more Jozef Papula, Monika Hudáková, Emília Papulová, Ján Papula. 2015. Podnikanie a podnikateľské myslenie 1. Kto a prečo podniká. Wolters Kluwer, Praha, 2015. ISBN 978-80-7478-950-2
Hlavným cieľom monografie je prijateľným, ale najmä inšpiratívnym spôsobom preniknúť do podstaty podnikania, odhaliť základné faktory, ktoré podnikanie ovplyvňujú, a naznačiť cesty, ako možno podnikanie zdokonaľovať a naplno rozvinúť jeho schopnosti, aby sa stalo základnou hybnou silou ekonomiky i spoločenského rozvoja. Zameriava sa na skúmanie podstaty podnikania a hľadanie odpovedí na otázky: Prečo podnikáme?, Kto by mal podnikať?, V prospech koho podnikanie prináša úžitok?.
Autori sa snažia vrátiť až k samotným základným koreňom podnikania, sledujú jeho vývoj v kontexte prebiehajúcich spoločenských zmien, ale i vplyvom vývoja ekonomického, filozofického a ľudského myslenia vo všeobecnosti. Hľadajú súvislosti vývoja podnikania s vývojom iných vedných odborov, predovšetkým ekonómie, manažmentu, ale i etiky alebo psychológie. Osobitne sa venujú malým a stredným podnikom a rodinnému podnikaniu a názorom na perspektívy ich budúceho rozvoja. Cieľom autorov bolo osloviť podnikateľov v praxi a najmä tých, ktorí sa na podnikanie pripravujú, medzi nimi predovšetkým študentov vysokých škôl.
kniha Konkurenčné stratégie: tradičné prístupy vs. nové pohľady a techniky. 2014. Papula Jozef, P... more kniha Konkurenčné stratégie: tradičné prístupy vs. nové pohľady a techniky. 2014. Papula Jozef, Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer, ISBN 978-80-8168-011-3. 174 s.
Zámerom tejto publikácie je poskytnúť čitateľovi stručný pohľad na prístupy, metódy a techniky, ktoré boli tradične uplatňované pri tvorbe konkurenčných stratégií, a na trendy, ktoré uprednostňuje teória a prax v súčasnosti.
kniha Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncepciu procesného manažmentu. 2014. Papulová Zuzan... more kniha Procesný manažment: ucelený pohľad na koncepciu procesného manažmentu. 2014. Papulová Zuzana, Papula Ján, Oborilová Andrea, Bratislava: Kartprint, ISBN 978-80-89553-23-5. 223 s.
dostupná na www.kartprint.sk alebo v predajni publikácií Knižnice Fakulty managementu Univerzity Komenského, Odbojárov 10/a, Bratislava. Prístavba, č.dv.: 07 Telefón: 02/50 117 640
kniha Základy manažérskej ekonomiky. 2013. Papula Ján, Papulová Emília, Bratislava: Kartprint, IS... more kniha Základy manažérskej ekonomiky. 2013. Papula Ján, Papulová Emília, Bratislava: Kartprint, ISBN 978-80-89553-11-2. 243 s.
dostupná na www.kartprint.sk alebo v predajni publikácií Knižnice Fakulty managementu Univerzity Komenského, Odbojárov 10/a, Bratislava. Prístavba, č.dv.: 07 Telefón: 02/50 117 640
kniha Strategický manažment projektov. 2012. Papula Ján, Bratislava: Pagoda, ISBN 978-80-969698-6... more kniha Strategický manažment projektov. 2012. Papula Ján, Bratislava: Pagoda, ISBN 978-80-969698-6-9. 127 s.
dostupná v predajni publikácií Knižnice Fakulty managementu Univerzity Komenského, Odbojárov 10/a, Bratislava. Prístavba, č.dv.: 07 Telefón: 02/50 117 640
Úvod do podnikania a manažmentu. 2006. Papulová Emília, Papula Ján, Papulová Zuzana, Bratislava: ... more Úvod do podnikania a manažmentu. 2006. Papulová Emília, Papula Ján, Papulová Zuzana, Bratislava: Kartprint, ISBN 80-88870-59-3. 248 s.