Danielson Odai | University of Benin (original) (raw)

Papers by Danielson Odai

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Objective:This study’s objective was to explore the disaster management knowledge, attitude, beha... more Objective:This study’s objective was to explore the disaster management knowledge, attitude, behavior, willingness, and assistance among Nigerian dentists.Methods:This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in Edo State (Nigeria) among selected Nigerian dentists that attended the Annual Scientific Conference of School of Dentistry, University of Benin (Benin City, Nigeria) between 2016 and 2017. The 54-item, modified Chhabra, et al disaster management questionnaire, which elicited information on demographic characteristics, disaster management knowledge, attitude, preparedness, and willingness, was the data collection tool.Results:A total of 126 dentists participated in the study, giving a 68.1% retrieval rate. The willingness to render assistance in the case of disaster among the participants was 95.2%. More than three-quarters (81.0%) reported that they had not received any disaster management training and 92.9% reported that they were not familiar with any gover...

Oral Health Case Reports, 2015

Objectives: The study investigated the demography, reason(s) for seeking treatment and outcome of... more Objectives: The study investigated the demography, reason(s) for seeking treatment and outcome of treatment of prosthodontic patients after receiving prosthesis of missing anterior elements among patients with missing posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: A four-year prospective study involving interview and clinical examination of prosthetic patients. Patients were interviewed and examined at presentation and on the 7 th and 28 th and 72 nd day post-insertion. Results: There were 144 patients comprising 32(22.2%) males and 112(77.8%) females that met the inclusion criteria. The age range (mean) is 18-80 (44.4 + 4.23) years. The most common and significant reason for replacement of missing teeth was aesthetics (58.3%, p<0.05). Patient's reported treatment outcome reveals a 100% success following treatment of anterior edentulous spaces. Conclusion: This study found that patients' are mostly concerned with replacement of anterior teeth and lends support the school of thought that SDA concept is a viable option in the management of edentulousness, since aesthetics rather than mastication is the most common indication for seeking to treat edentulousness.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) is a severe idiosyncratic reaction, most commonly trig... more Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) is a severe idiosyncratic reaction, most commonly triggered by medications, and characterized by fever and mucocutaneous lesions leading to necrosis and sloughing of the epidermis. A case of TENS in a sixteen year old boy following polypharmacy is presented. Complete haematological and biochemical tests were carried out and management was symptomatic. This report shows the multidisciplinary approach to the management and highlights the role of the dental surgeon in the management. It concludes that multidisciplinary approach to healthcare provision will be of benefit to the recipients and suggests that awareness be created on drug use and pharmacovigilance.

Background: Medical emergencies in dental practice are those adverse medical events that may pres... more Background: Medical emergencies in dental practice are those adverse medical events that may present in the course of dental treatment. Each of those events requires a correct diagnosis for effective and safe management. The contemporary dentist must be prepared to manage expeditiously and effectively those few problems that may arise with specific response. Basic life support is all that is required to manage many emergency situations, with the addition of specific drug therapy in some others. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to provide an overview of medical emergencies that can present in dental practice, highlight the basic emergency medications and equipment that should be available in a dental clinic, outline the prevention and management of such emergencies, describe the specific response to some of the more common medical emergencies that can present in the course of a dental treatment and make recommendation for training and preparedness for handling medical emergenci...

Objectives: To audit the clinical outcomes of patients with maxillofacial fractures treated with ... more Objectives: To audit the clinical outcomes of patients with maxillofacial fractures treated with rigid and non rigid osteosynthesis and to compare the outcomes of both treatment protocols. Design and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study. Cases of ‘pure’ maxillofacial fractures treated with plates (rigid) and wires (non rigid) protocols for a two and a half year period between (January 2009 and June 2011) were assessed by retrieving information from the case notes. Information of interest includes demographics, types of fracture, treatment done and outcome of treatment. Results: Retrieved data showed that 462 specific diagnoses of maxillofacial fractures were made in 207 patients. 105 of patients treated with rigid osteosynthesis and 102 treated with non-rigid osteosynthesis. 43 unsuccessful outcome measures were identified in the immediate post-operative review period, made up of 5 in patients treated with rigid osteosynthesis, 38 in patients treated with non-rigid osteosynthes...

Annual Review of Biomedical Sciences

Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermor... more Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermore, its management has been engulfed in controversy. As a tertiary institution serving as a referral center to neighboring states, no evaluation of demographics, clinical, radiological and pathological picture of ameloblastoma has been done in the last twenty years which would prove invaluable to clinicians in aiding diagnosis and prescribing an appropriate treatment protocol. Objective: This study reviewed all cases of ameloblastoma treated in the center to ascertain its demographic, clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics. Methods: Retrospective study. Information on cases of ameloblastoma seen from 1998 -2013 were obtained from the archives of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria and analyzed with regards to age, gender, clinical manifestation, radiographic presentation, anatomical distribution and histological subtype and treatment. Results: One hundred and thirty seven cases were reviewed. There were 72 (52.5%) males and 65 (47.5%) females (M:F 1.1 : 1). Majority of cases (40.6%) occurred in the third decade of life. The commonest presenting complaint was is painless jaws swelling. The mandible was mostly involved with 131 (95.6%) of the lesions, and 43.5% situated in the posterior aspect. A case of peripheral ameloblatoma was recorded. Over seventy per cent of all the cases treated were cystic, presenting as unilocular (15.4%) or multilocular (77.2%) radiolucency while the plexiform pattern (58.3%) was the most documented histologic variant. Treatment involved mainly radical resection- maxillectomy or radical resection of the mandible Conclusion: Ameloblastoma has remained a health menace of young adults with no sex predilection. The entity is commonest in the posterior mandible and usually presents as cystic uni- or multilocular radiolucent lesions of the mandible. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, demographics, clinico-pathologic features, treatment

ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the demography, intraoral features and treatment outcome of h... more ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the demography, intraoral features and treatment outcome of halitosis in a suburban clinical setting. Patients and Methods: Prospective observational study, involving consecutive and consenting patients with complaints of halitosis in Eden dental clinic, Uselu between January 2006 and December 2008. Data of interest were demography, type of halitosis, intraoral characteristics and treatment outcome. Data analysis was done using Epi-Info version 3.3. Results: A total of 41 patients was involved in this study. The female: male ratio was 2.2:1 and 60-69 year age group constituted 19.5%. Student and housewives made up 39% of the group. About one-third (34.1%) had the symptom for 24-35 months. Sufferers were made aware of symptom by friends (31.7%) and 24.4% spouse. Delusional halitosis accounted for only 7.3% of the cases. Oral hygiene was fair in 68.3%, retention index was 3 for 43.9%, 43.9% had one carious tooth, 39% had single missing tooth, 58.5% ...

BMC Research Notes, 2015

Background: Pain is considered a key symptom associated with possible impairment of oral-health-r... more Background: Pain is considered a key symptom associated with possible impairment of oral-health-related quality of life and its assessment is important for the planning and evaluation of preventive and treatment effort. The tools for assessing pain must therefore be valid and consistent. The objective of this study was to assess dental patients' level of pain based on the clinical diagnosis of their dental condition and the correlation between two pain assessment scales, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Full Cup Test (FCT), for the assessment of pain among dental patients. Methods: A total of 185 patients presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital dental outpatient clinics with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this study. The mean VAS scores and mean FCT scores for the different dental conditions were compared. Agreement between VAS and FCT was evaluated using the Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients and Cronbach alpha coefficient was also calculated to assess consistency of the two pain scales. Results: Majority i.e. 95.1, 96.2 and 100% who presented with acute pulpitis, acute apical periodontitis and pericoronitis respectively, presented with moderate to severe pain levels (p < 0.05). Only 25.9 and 4% who presented with chronic marginal gingivitis and chronic pulpitis respectively presented with no pain (p < 0.05). A large proportion (75%) of patients with no pain had single diagnosis while more than half (52.1%) of those who presented with severe pain had multiple diagnoses (p = 0.025). The mean VAS and FCT scores for acute pain were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 5.9 ± 2.4 respectively and for chronic pain 3.9 ± 2.7 and 3.7 ± 2.7 respectively (P = 0.001). The interclass correlation coefficient revealed that the mean VAS and FCT scores were statistically correlated and reliable with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.85. Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions may experience moderate to severe level of pain, with patients with multiple diagnoses experiencing more severe pain, and there is a correlation between the VAS and FCT for pain assessment among dental patients.

International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2014

Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant... more Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant psychosocial, financial and physical challenges to the individuals affected and the society at large. Aim: This paper aims to review the aetiologies, pattern, and types of treatment and outcome of treatment of patients with maxillofacial injuries within the study period. Methods: Departmental records of patients with maxillofacial injuries were reviewed for 2011 and 2012. Data were collected into a predesigned data entry form. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven correct entries were found. This consist of 118 male and 49 females, giving a male:female ratio of 2.4:1 and the age ranged from 4-63years. The commonest cause of maxillofacial fracture noted was road traffic accident and the least was child abuse, accounting for 75.0% and 1.0% respectively of all the cases seen. The mandible proved to be the commonest fractured facial bone; representing 76.0% of the fractures. 84.0% of associated injuries were contusions and lacerations of soft tissues around the head and neck. Closed immobilization was the commonest treatment protocol and 7.0% adjudged unsuccessful. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a preponderance of male casualties in maxillofacial facial, and the mandible is the most fractured facial bone and that closed immobilization remains a viable treatment option in carefully selected cases.

International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2014

Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant... more Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant psychosocial, financial and physical challenges to the individuals affected and the society at large. Aim: This paper aims to review the aetiologies, pattern, and types of treatment and outcome of treatment of patients with maxillofacial injuries within the study period. Methods: Departmental records of patients with maxillofacial injuries were reviewed for 2011 and 2012. Data were collected into a predesigned data entry form. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven correct entries were found. This consist of 118 male and 49 females, giving a male:female ratio of 2.4:1 and the age ranged from 4-63years. The commonest cause of maxillofacial fracture noted was road traffic accident and the least was child abuse, accounting for 75.0% and 1.0% respectively of all the cases seen. The mandible proved to be the commonest fractured facial bone; representing 76.0% of the fractures. 84.0% of associated injuries were contusions and lacerations of soft tissues around the head and neck. Closed immobilization was the commonest treatment protocol and 7.0% adjudged unsuccessful. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a preponderance of male casualties in maxillofacial facial, and the mandible is the most fractured facial bone and that closed immobilization remains a viable treatment option in carefully selected cases.

Context: Transmission of infection may occur in laboratory oral healthcare setting with undermine... more Context: Transmission of infection may occur in laboratory oral healthcare setting with undermined infection control. Objective: To assess infection control knowledge and confidence in protecting self from occupational acquisition of HIV infection among Nigerian dental technology students. Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of dental technology students of Federal School of Dental Therapy and Technology Enugu, Nigeria was conducted in 2010. Results: The infection control knowledge among the respondents in this study was high. The roles of dental technologists in infection control expressed by the respondents were use of protective wares-(74.3%), sterilization-(39.4%), disinfection of impression-(13.1%), proper instrument handling-(9.1%) and hand washing-(4.0%). A total of 68.2% of the respondents asserted that infection can be transmitted from impression with 44.4% of them pinpointing tuberculosis as the most likely transmissible infection. The majority (87.9%)...

Objective: Maximum mouth opening is a simple clinical sign for the evaluation of acute conditions... more Objective: Maximum mouth opening is a simple clinical sign for the evaluation of acute conditions such as orofacial infections and trauma, as well as chronic condition such as disorders of the temporomandibular joint and tumours. The objective was to estimate maximal mouth opening of healthy adults in Benin City. Methods: This study was descriptive cross-sectional study that involved the measurement of mouth opening from the mesio-incisal angle of the upper central incisor to the mesio-incisal angle of the corresponding lower incisor. Two measurements were taken and the average recorded as the mouth opening for the subject. The findings were analysed, using excel statistical software and results presented as simple bar charts. Results: This study estimated the maximum mouth opening of 1331 individuals, made up of 643 (48.3%) females and 688 (51.7%) males. The age ranged from 18-75 years and 621 (46.7%) were in their third decade of life. There was a slight increase in mean maximal mouth opening from 18-20 year old group to 21-30 years old group. Thereafter it declined gradually over the age groups to age 71 years and above. This trend is similar in both gender: 18-20 years old group has 50.4mm and 50.7mm for females and males respectively. The opening peaked in the 21-30 years old group; 50.5mm in females and 50.8mm in males and declined over the age groups to 47.3mm in females and 47.6mm in males among those aged 71 years and above. Conclusion: The findings in this present are in keeping with research findings elsewhere with age and gender as factors that affect the maximum mouth opening of a population. Citation: Odai ED, Ugboko VI. Estimation of maximum mouth opening among healthy adults in Benin-City, Nigeria. Nig J Dent Res 2017; 2(1):7-10.

Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at ... more Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at the same level of significance with blood pressure, pulse and respiration. It is a subjective oral health indicator and one of the most common reason patients seek dental treatment. Pain poses an important ethical and financial concern resulting in unnecessary suffering, sleep disturbances, diminished social activities, an increased school and job absenteeism and reduction of quality of life. Reduction of dental pain and consequences are targets of Global Goals for Oral Health 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the pharmacologic management of acute post-operative dental pain, after a third mandibular molar (M3) surgery.
This study employed the visual analogue scale to assess the effectiveness of single doses of ibuprofen and paracetamol over a six-hour period, following M3 surgery in a healthy and homogenous study population, matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gender. Alarms were set to remind patients to score pain intensity at time point 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 hours, post-dosing. A measure of the difference between the pain scores at the various time intervals and that at the basal level (time = 0) is the pain intensity difference (PID) at the various time intervals. Five brands of the agents used were priced in ten registered and reputable pharmaceutical stores and the average cost per dose, in naira determined. Data obtained were analysed, using the SPSS version 16.0. P<0.05 was considered significant
Ibuprofen showed a statistically significant superiority over paracetamol from time 2.5 hours to the sixth hour (P<0.05) following M3 surgery. There is no statistically significant difference between paracetamol and placebo. The costs of both drugs, per unit dose were comparable.

Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermor... more Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermore, its management has been engulfed in controversy. As a tertiary institution serving as a referral center to neighboring states, no evaluation of demographics, clinical, radiological and pathological picture of ameloblastoma has been done in the last twenty years which would prove invaluable to clinicians in aiding diagnosis and prescribing an appropriate treatment protocol.
Objective: This study reviewed all cases of ameloblastoma treated in the center to ascertain its demographic, clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics.
Methods: Retrospective study. Information on cases of ameloblastoma seen from 1998 -2013 were obtained from the archives of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria and analyzed with regards to age, gender, clinical manifestation, radiographic presentation, anatomical distribution and histological subtype and treatment.
Results: One hundred and thirty seven cases were reviewed. There were 72 (52.5%) males and 65 (47.5%) females (M:F 1.1 : 1). Majority of cases (40.6%) occurred in the third decade of life. The commonest presenting complaint was is painless jaws swelling. The mandible was mostly involved with 131 (95.6%) of the lesions, and 43.5% situated in the posterior aspect. A case of peripheral ameloblatoma was recorded. Over seventy per cent of all the cases treated were cystic, presenting as unilocular (15.4%) or multilocular (77.2%) radiolucency while the plexiform pattern (58.3%) was the most documented histologic variant. Treatment involved mainly radical resection- maxillectomy or radical resection of the mandible
Conclusion: Ameloblastoma has remained a health menace of young adults with no sex predilection. The entity is commonest in the posterior mandible and usually presents as cystic uni- or multilocular radiolucent lesions of the mandible.
Keywords: Ameloblastoma, demographics, clinico-pathologic features, treatment

Nigerian Dental Journal

Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at ... more Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at the same level of significance with blood pressure, pulse and respiration. It is a subjective oral health indicator and one of the most common reason patients seek dental treatment. Pain poses an important ethical and financial concern resulting in unnecessary suffering, sleep disturbances, diminished social activities, an increased school and job absenteeism and reduction of quality of life. Reduction of dental pain and consequences are targets of Global Goals for Oral Health 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the pharmacologic management of acute post-operative dental pain, after a third mandibular molar (M3) surgery. This study employed the visual analogue scale to assess the effectiveness of single doses of ibuprofen and paracetamol over a six-hour period, following M3 surgery in a healthy and homogenous study popul...

ABSTRACT Isolated zygomatic arch fracture is rare. It is associated with facial disfigurement and... more ABSTRACT Isolated zygomatic arch fracture is rare. It is associated with facial disfigurement and limitation in mouth opening which is the reason why most patients seek treatment. Approach to treatment of isolated zygomatic arch fractures vary and could utilize intra-oral or extra-oral protocols, depending on patients’ preference, extent of injury, expertise and equipment available. This report presents a case of a 28 year old male patient who presented with a left zygomatic arch fracture of three hours duration. His concerns were inability to open his mouth and a “dimpling” disfigurement in the left temporal region. He had a closed reduction via Keene’s approach under general anaesthesia, thereafter the mouth opening improved tremendously and the dimple disappeared. Post-operative/recovery period was uneventful. The finding and prognosis reported suggest that Keene’s approach was easy to perform, gives good result and not prone to severe complications. Key words: Zygomatic arch fra...

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Objective:This study’s objective was to explore the disaster management knowledge, attitude, beha... more Objective:This study’s objective was to explore the disaster management knowledge, attitude, behavior, willingness, and assistance among Nigerian dentists.Methods:This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in Edo State (Nigeria) among selected Nigerian dentists that attended the Annual Scientific Conference of School of Dentistry, University of Benin (Benin City, Nigeria) between 2016 and 2017. The 54-item, modified Chhabra, et al disaster management questionnaire, which elicited information on demographic characteristics, disaster management knowledge, attitude, preparedness, and willingness, was the data collection tool.Results:A total of 126 dentists participated in the study, giving a 68.1% retrieval rate. The willingness to render assistance in the case of disaster among the participants was 95.2%. More than three-quarters (81.0%) reported that they had not received any disaster management training and 92.9% reported that they were not familiar with any gover...

Oral Health Case Reports, 2015

Objectives: The study investigated the demography, reason(s) for seeking treatment and outcome of... more Objectives: The study investigated the demography, reason(s) for seeking treatment and outcome of treatment of prosthodontic patients after receiving prosthesis of missing anterior elements among patients with missing posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: A four-year prospective study involving interview and clinical examination of prosthetic patients. Patients were interviewed and examined at presentation and on the 7 th and 28 th and 72 nd day post-insertion. Results: There were 144 patients comprising 32(22.2%) males and 112(77.8%) females that met the inclusion criteria. The age range (mean) is 18-80 (44.4 + 4.23) years. The most common and significant reason for replacement of missing teeth was aesthetics (58.3%, p<0.05). Patient's reported treatment outcome reveals a 100% success following treatment of anterior edentulous spaces. Conclusion: This study found that patients' are mostly concerned with replacement of anterior teeth and lends support the school of thought that SDA concept is a viable option in the management of edentulousness, since aesthetics rather than mastication is the most common indication for seeking to treat edentulousness.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) is a severe idiosyncratic reaction, most commonly trig... more Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) is a severe idiosyncratic reaction, most commonly triggered by medications, and characterized by fever and mucocutaneous lesions leading to necrosis and sloughing of the epidermis. A case of TENS in a sixteen year old boy following polypharmacy is presented. Complete haematological and biochemical tests were carried out and management was symptomatic. This report shows the multidisciplinary approach to the management and highlights the role of the dental surgeon in the management. It concludes that multidisciplinary approach to healthcare provision will be of benefit to the recipients and suggests that awareness be created on drug use and pharmacovigilance.

Background: Medical emergencies in dental practice are those adverse medical events that may pres... more Background: Medical emergencies in dental practice are those adverse medical events that may present in the course of dental treatment. Each of those events requires a correct diagnosis for effective and safe management. The contemporary dentist must be prepared to manage expeditiously and effectively those few problems that may arise with specific response. Basic life support is all that is required to manage many emergency situations, with the addition of specific drug therapy in some others. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to provide an overview of medical emergencies that can present in dental practice, highlight the basic emergency medications and equipment that should be available in a dental clinic, outline the prevention and management of such emergencies, describe the specific response to some of the more common medical emergencies that can present in the course of a dental treatment and make recommendation for training and preparedness for handling medical emergenci...

Objectives: To audit the clinical outcomes of patients with maxillofacial fractures treated with ... more Objectives: To audit the clinical outcomes of patients with maxillofacial fractures treated with rigid and non rigid osteosynthesis and to compare the outcomes of both treatment protocols. Design and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study. Cases of ‘pure’ maxillofacial fractures treated with plates (rigid) and wires (non rigid) protocols for a two and a half year period between (January 2009 and June 2011) were assessed by retrieving information from the case notes. Information of interest includes demographics, types of fracture, treatment done and outcome of treatment. Results: Retrieved data showed that 462 specific diagnoses of maxillofacial fractures were made in 207 patients. 105 of patients treated with rigid osteosynthesis and 102 treated with non-rigid osteosynthesis. 43 unsuccessful outcome measures were identified in the immediate post-operative review period, made up of 5 in patients treated with rigid osteosynthesis, 38 in patients treated with non-rigid osteosynthes...

Annual Review of Biomedical Sciences

Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermor... more Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermore, its management has been engulfed in controversy. As a tertiary institution serving as a referral center to neighboring states, no evaluation of demographics, clinical, radiological and pathological picture of ameloblastoma has been done in the last twenty years which would prove invaluable to clinicians in aiding diagnosis and prescribing an appropriate treatment protocol. Objective: This study reviewed all cases of ameloblastoma treated in the center to ascertain its demographic, clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics. Methods: Retrospective study. Information on cases of ameloblastoma seen from 1998 -2013 were obtained from the archives of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria and analyzed with regards to age, gender, clinical manifestation, radiographic presentation, anatomical distribution and histological subtype and treatment. Results: One hundred and thirty seven cases were reviewed. There were 72 (52.5%) males and 65 (47.5%) females (M:F 1.1 : 1). Majority of cases (40.6%) occurred in the third decade of life. The commonest presenting complaint was is painless jaws swelling. The mandible was mostly involved with 131 (95.6%) of the lesions, and 43.5% situated in the posterior aspect. A case of peripheral ameloblatoma was recorded. Over seventy per cent of all the cases treated were cystic, presenting as unilocular (15.4%) or multilocular (77.2%) radiolucency while the plexiform pattern (58.3%) was the most documented histologic variant. Treatment involved mainly radical resection- maxillectomy or radical resection of the mandible Conclusion: Ameloblastoma has remained a health menace of young adults with no sex predilection. The entity is commonest in the posterior mandible and usually presents as cystic uni- or multilocular radiolucent lesions of the mandible. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, demographics, clinico-pathologic features, treatment

ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the demography, intraoral features and treatment outcome of h... more ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the demography, intraoral features and treatment outcome of halitosis in a suburban clinical setting. Patients and Methods: Prospective observational study, involving consecutive and consenting patients with complaints of halitosis in Eden dental clinic, Uselu between January 2006 and December 2008. Data of interest were demography, type of halitosis, intraoral characteristics and treatment outcome. Data analysis was done using Epi-Info version 3.3. Results: A total of 41 patients was involved in this study. The female: male ratio was 2.2:1 and 60-69 year age group constituted 19.5%. Student and housewives made up 39% of the group. About one-third (34.1%) had the symptom for 24-35 months. Sufferers were made aware of symptom by friends (31.7%) and 24.4% spouse. Delusional halitosis accounted for only 7.3% of the cases. Oral hygiene was fair in 68.3%, retention index was 3 for 43.9%, 43.9% had one carious tooth, 39% had single missing tooth, 58.5% ...

BMC Research Notes, 2015

Background: Pain is considered a key symptom associated with possible impairment of oral-health-r... more Background: Pain is considered a key symptom associated with possible impairment of oral-health-related quality of life and its assessment is important for the planning and evaluation of preventive and treatment effort. The tools for assessing pain must therefore be valid and consistent. The objective of this study was to assess dental patients' level of pain based on the clinical diagnosis of their dental condition and the correlation between two pain assessment scales, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Full Cup Test (FCT), for the assessment of pain among dental patients. Methods: A total of 185 patients presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital dental outpatient clinics with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this study. The mean VAS scores and mean FCT scores for the different dental conditions were compared. Agreement between VAS and FCT was evaluated using the Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients and Cronbach alpha coefficient was also calculated to assess consistency of the two pain scales. Results: Majority i.e. 95.1, 96.2 and 100% who presented with acute pulpitis, acute apical periodontitis and pericoronitis respectively, presented with moderate to severe pain levels (p < 0.05). Only 25.9 and 4% who presented with chronic marginal gingivitis and chronic pulpitis respectively presented with no pain (p < 0.05). A large proportion (75%) of patients with no pain had single diagnosis while more than half (52.1%) of those who presented with severe pain had multiple diagnoses (p = 0.025). The mean VAS and FCT scores for acute pain were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 5.9 ± 2.4 respectively and for chronic pain 3.9 ± 2.7 and 3.7 ± 2.7 respectively (P = 0.001). The interclass correlation coefficient revealed that the mean VAS and FCT scores were statistically correlated and reliable with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.85. Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions may experience moderate to severe level of pain, with patients with multiple diagnoses experiencing more severe pain, and there is a correlation between the VAS and FCT for pain assessment among dental patients.

International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2014

Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant... more Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant psychosocial, financial and physical challenges to the individuals affected and the society at large. Aim: This paper aims to review the aetiologies, pattern, and types of treatment and outcome of treatment of patients with maxillofacial injuries within the study period. Methods: Departmental records of patients with maxillofacial injuries were reviewed for 2011 and 2012. Data were collected into a predesigned data entry form. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven correct entries were found. This consist of 118 male and 49 females, giving a male:female ratio of 2.4:1 and the age ranged from 4-63years. The commonest cause of maxillofacial fracture noted was road traffic accident and the least was child abuse, accounting for 75.0% and 1.0% respectively of all the cases seen. The mandible proved to be the commonest fractured facial bone; representing 76.0% of the fractures. 84.0% of associated injuries were contusions and lacerations of soft tissues around the head and neck. Closed immobilization was the commonest treatment protocol and 7.0% adjudged unsuccessful. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a preponderance of male casualties in maxillofacial facial, and the mandible is the most fractured facial bone and that closed immobilization remains a viable treatment option in carefully selected cases.

International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2014

Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant... more Background: Maxillofacial trauma has continued to present a public health nuisance with attendant psychosocial, financial and physical challenges to the individuals affected and the society at large. Aim: This paper aims to review the aetiologies, pattern, and types of treatment and outcome of treatment of patients with maxillofacial injuries within the study period. Methods: Departmental records of patients with maxillofacial injuries were reviewed for 2011 and 2012. Data were collected into a predesigned data entry form. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven correct entries were found. This consist of 118 male and 49 females, giving a male:female ratio of 2.4:1 and the age ranged from 4-63years. The commonest cause of maxillofacial fracture noted was road traffic accident and the least was child abuse, accounting for 75.0% and 1.0% respectively of all the cases seen. The mandible proved to be the commonest fractured facial bone; representing 76.0% of the fractures. 84.0% of associated injuries were contusions and lacerations of soft tissues around the head and neck. Closed immobilization was the commonest treatment protocol and 7.0% adjudged unsuccessful. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a preponderance of male casualties in maxillofacial facial, and the mandible is the most fractured facial bone and that closed immobilization remains a viable treatment option in carefully selected cases.

Context: Transmission of infection may occur in laboratory oral healthcare setting with undermine... more Context: Transmission of infection may occur in laboratory oral healthcare setting with undermined infection control. Objective: To assess infection control knowledge and confidence in protecting self from occupational acquisition of HIV infection among Nigerian dental technology students. Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of dental technology students of Federal School of Dental Therapy and Technology Enugu, Nigeria was conducted in 2010. Results: The infection control knowledge among the respondents in this study was high. The roles of dental technologists in infection control expressed by the respondents were use of protective wares-(74.3%), sterilization-(39.4%), disinfection of impression-(13.1%), proper instrument handling-(9.1%) and hand washing-(4.0%). A total of 68.2% of the respondents asserted that infection can be transmitted from impression with 44.4% of them pinpointing tuberculosis as the most likely transmissible infection. The majority (87.9%)...

Objective: Maximum mouth opening is a simple clinical sign for the evaluation of acute conditions... more Objective: Maximum mouth opening is a simple clinical sign for the evaluation of acute conditions such as orofacial infections and trauma, as well as chronic condition such as disorders of the temporomandibular joint and tumours. The objective was to estimate maximal mouth opening of healthy adults in Benin City. Methods: This study was descriptive cross-sectional study that involved the measurement of mouth opening from the mesio-incisal angle of the upper central incisor to the mesio-incisal angle of the corresponding lower incisor. Two measurements were taken and the average recorded as the mouth opening for the subject. The findings were analysed, using excel statistical software and results presented as simple bar charts. Results: This study estimated the maximum mouth opening of 1331 individuals, made up of 643 (48.3%) females and 688 (51.7%) males. The age ranged from 18-75 years and 621 (46.7%) were in their third decade of life. There was a slight increase in mean maximal mouth opening from 18-20 year old group to 21-30 years old group. Thereafter it declined gradually over the age groups to age 71 years and above. This trend is similar in both gender: 18-20 years old group has 50.4mm and 50.7mm for females and males respectively. The opening peaked in the 21-30 years old group; 50.5mm in females and 50.8mm in males and declined over the age groups to 47.3mm in females and 47.6mm in males among those aged 71 years and above. Conclusion: The findings in this present are in keeping with research findings elsewhere with age and gender as factors that affect the maximum mouth opening of a population. Citation: Odai ED, Ugboko VI. Estimation of maximum mouth opening among healthy adults in Benin-City, Nigeria. Nig J Dent Res 2017; 2(1):7-10.

Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at ... more Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at the same level of significance with blood pressure, pulse and respiration. It is a subjective oral health indicator and one of the most common reason patients seek dental treatment. Pain poses an important ethical and financial concern resulting in unnecessary suffering, sleep disturbances, diminished social activities, an increased school and job absenteeism and reduction of quality of life. Reduction of dental pain and consequences are targets of Global Goals for Oral Health 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the pharmacologic management of acute post-operative dental pain, after a third mandibular molar (M3) surgery.
This study employed the visual analogue scale to assess the effectiveness of single doses of ibuprofen and paracetamol over a six-hour period, following M3 surgery in a healthy and homogenous study population, matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gender. Alarms were set to remind patients to score pain intensity at time point 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 hours, post-dosing. A measure of the difference between the pain scores at the various time intervals and that at the basal level (time = 0) is the pain intensity difference (PID) at the various time intervals. Five brands of the agents used were priced in ten registered and reputable pharmaceutical stores and the average cost per dose, in naira determined. Data obtained were analysed, using the SPSS version 16.0. P<0.05 was considered significant
Ibuprofen showed a statistically significant superiority over paracetamol from time 2.5 hours to the sixth hour (P<0.05) following M3 surgery. There is no statistically significant difference between paracetamol and placebo. The costs of both drugs, per unit dose were comparable.

Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermor... more Background: Ameloblastoma is the commonest odontogenic tumour afflicting our populace. Furthermore, its management has been engulfed in controversy. As a tertiary institution serving as a referral center to neighboring states, no evaluation of demographics, clinical, radiological and pathological picture of ameloblastoma has been done in the last twenty years which would prove invaluable to clinicians in aiding diagnosis and prescribing an appropriate treatment protocol.
Objective: This study reviewed all cases of ameloblastoma treated in the center to ascertain its demographic, clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics.
Methods: Retrospective study. Information on cases of ameloblastoma seen from 1998 -2013 were obtained from the archives of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria and analyzed with regards to age, gender, clinical manifestation, radiographic presentation, anatomical distribution and histological subtype and treatment.
Results: One hundred and thirty seven cases were reviewed. There were 72 (52.5%) males and 65 (47.5%) females (M:F 1.1 : 1). Majority of cases (40.6%) occurred in the third decade of life. The commonest presenting complaint was is painless jaws swelling. The mandible was mostly involved with 131 (95.6%) of the lesions, and 43.5% situated in the posterior aspect. A case of peripheral ameloblatoma was recorded. Over seventy per cent of all the cases treated were cystic, presenting as unilocular (15.4%) or multilocular (77.2%) radiolucency while the plexiform pattern (58.3%) was the most documented histologic variant. Treatment involved mainly radical resection- maxillectomy or radical resection of the mandible
Conclusion: Ameloblastoma has remained a health menace of young adults with no sex predilection. The entity is commonest in the posterior mandible and usually presents as cystic uni- or multilocular radiolucent lesions of the mandible.
Keywords: Ameloblastoma, demographics, clinico-pathologic features, treatment

Nigerian Dental Journal

Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at ... more Pain is a problem of global proportions with an increasing acceptance as the fifth vital sign at the same level of significance with blood pressure, pulse and respiration. It is a subjective oral health indicator and one of the most common reason patients seek dental treatment. Pain poses an important ethical and financial concern resulting in unnecessary suffering, sleep disturbances, diminished social activities, an increased school and job absenteeism and reduction of quality of life. Reduction of dental pain and consequences are targets of Global Goals for Oral Health 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the pharmacologic management of acute post-operative dental pain, after a third mandibular molar (M3) surgery. This study employed the visual analogue scale to assess the effectiveness of single doses of ibuprofen and paracetamol over a six-hour period, following M3 surgery in a healthy and homogenous study popul...

ABSTRACT Isolated zygomatic arch fracture is rare. It is associated with facial disfigurement and... more ABSTRACT Isolated zygomatic arch fracture is rare. It is associated with facial disfigurement and limitation in mouth opening which is the reason why most patients seek treatment. Approach to treatment of isolated zygomatic arch fractures vary and could utilize intra-oral or extra-oral protocols, depending on patients’ preference, extent of injury, expertise and equipment available. This report presents a case of a 28 year old male patient who presented with a left zygomatic arch fracture of three hours duration. His concerns were inability to open his mouth and a “dimpling” disfigurement in the left temporal region. He had a closed reduction via Keene’s approach under general anaesthesia, thereafter the mouth opening improved tremendously and the dimple disappeared. Post-operative/recovery period was uneventful. The finding and prognosis reported suggest that Keene’s approach was easy to perform, gives good result and not prone to severe complications. Key words: Zygomatic arch fra...