Philip U Ogordi | University of Benin (original) (raw)
Papers by Philip U Ogordi
South African Dental Journal, May 22, 2023
Background Missed appointments are common in paediatric dentistry, yet not many studies have expl... more Background Missed appointments are common in paediatric dentistry, yet not many studies have explored its prevalence and associated factors. Aim To determine the prevalence of missed appointments and the associated factors. Methods This prospective study design recruited all consecutive paediatric patients that presented for minor oral surgical procedures from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Data collected was the age of patients, gender, parents' educational level, distance from the clinic, type of minor oral surgical procedures and missed appointments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Chi-square test of association was used to determine the association between study participants' age, sex, parents' educational level, the distance from the clinic, and the prevalence of missed dental appointments. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result A total of 182 paediatric dental patients, age ranged from 0.5 to 16 years and with a mean age of 8.55+3.88 participated. Most (60.4%) of the patients were females and 46.2% of them were of school age. Most of the parents had a tertiary level of education and lived within 7 to 12 kilometers from the clinic. The prevalence of missed appointments was 54.9% and the most performed minor oral surgical procedure was primary tooth extraction. The relationship between age group, minor surgical procedures with missed appointments was statistically significant (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the type of surgical procedure was the only independent predictor of missed appointments (p<0.05) Conclusion The prevalence of missed appointments in this study is remarkably high. Although the age of the patients and the type of procedure was associated with the prevalence of missed appointment, it was only the type of surgical procedure that was a significant risk factor for missed appointment.
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research
Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary denti... more Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary dentition among paediatric dental patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 224 children aged 2 to 5 years who visited the paediatric dental clinic over one year with the full complements of their primary dentition. All the children were screened for molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, anthropoid and developmental spaces, as well as their facial profiles, and the data were recorded. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 21.0, Chicago). The Chi-square test analyzed categorical data with a level of significance for all statistical tests set at a probability value of less than 0.05. Results: Bilateral flush terminal plane molar relationship was the most prevalent in 126(56%), followed by the mesial step 84(37.5%). Molar relationship and gender were statistically significant (P= 0.001). Bilateral canine class ...
Nigerian Dental Journal, 2017
Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times... more Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times and prohibitive cost of treatment. This may result in an increase in early childhood caries and subsequent premature tooth loss. Fissure sealants are a preventable method in the management of dental caries but the cost may be a barrier to early treatment. Aim: To compare the duration and cost of sealant treatment between glass ionomer and resin based fissure sealants among children in Benin City,Nigeria. Materials and Methods: All occlusal surfaces of the lower permanent first molars (2 teeth each in a total number of 50 children) were sealed andincluded in the study (n=100). A split-mouth design was used in which a light cure Bis-GMA resin-based sealant was compared with a glass-ionomersealant. They were then randomly placed in 50 matched contralateral pairs of permanent first molar teeth and a stop watch used to record the duration of placement. The cost of treatment was calculated by dividing the cost of the sealant kit with the total number of sealed occlusal surfaces. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 with the chi square test for determination of variables. Probability values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The duration of sealant treatment using resin based sealant ranged from 235 to 446 seconds (mean time 318.86 +55.54 secs); while theduration of sealant treatment using glass ionomer based sealant ranged from 238 to 360 seconds (a mean time 292.57 +33.56 secs); and this wasstatistically significant (P<0.001). The cost of sealing a tooth surface using resin sealant (Clinpro®) was five hundred and seventy naira only. Similarly, the cost of sealing a tooth surface using glass ionomer based sealant (GC Fuji triage®) was eight hundred and forty naira only. Conclusion: Less chairside time is required for sealant treatment using glass ionomer than resin based sealant for fissure sealing procedures. The use of resin based fissure sealant is relatively cheaper when compared with glass ionomer based sealant Keywords: Duration, Cost, Treatment, Sealants
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research, Jan 23, 2021
This study was carried out to assess the pattern of presentation and treatment of Dental Caries- ... more This study was carried out to assess the pattern of presentation and treatment of Dental Caries- related cases among children and adolescence presenting in Paediatric Dentistry clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The clinical records of enrolled 1251 patients aged 16 years and below who presented with caries or its sequelae and treated at the Paediatric Dentistry clinic between June 2004 and June 2008 were analysed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth/ decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index to evaluate dental caries. The total mean DMFT/dmft of the study group was 1.46 with highest mean dmft amongst those aged 0-6 years. More females (55.3%) presented at the clinic than males (44.7%). Age 7 (10.5%) had the highest frequency in the study which had a mean age of 9.3. Acute apical periodontitis (45.6%) was the highest diagnosed condition followed by dental caries (44.2%), dento-alveolar abscess (5.8%), irreversible pulpitis (3.9%) and the least was ...
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2018
Background: Pulse oximeters are a non-invasive device useful in standardization of care in medica... more Background: Pulse oximeters are a non-invasive device useful in standardization of care in medical and dental offices for monitoring respiratory status during operative procedures. A close affiliation exists between the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate which is affected by variables including exercise, traumatic events and operative procedures which may be encountered during standardized dental treatment. Aim: This study was carried out amongst 6-10-year-old children to evaluate the effect of dental operative procedures on peripheral oxygen saturation and pulse rate in Benin-City, Nigeria. Materials and methods: The peripheral oxygen saturation and pulse rate was assessed in 20 children each with a total number of 100 children. They were selected via a convenient sampling method for five procedures; 3 invasive (extraction, GIC filling and Pulpotomy) and 2 non-invasive (Fluoride therapy and scaling and polishing) procedures. The pulse oximeter was placed on the left...
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research, Dec 3, 2018
Aim: To determine the perception and utilization of dental services among staff of a tertiary hos... more Aim: To determine the perception and utilization of dental services among staff of a tertiary hospital Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among staff of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Data was collected with the use of a self-administered questionnaire to elicit information such as socio-demographic, perception and usage of dental services as well as reasons for non-regular usage of dental services. Chi-squared test was used to test associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Results: Data from three hundred and eight six (386) participants were recorded and analyzed. Those within the 21 – 30years age group were in the majority (38.3%), females constituted 54.6% and with majority of the respondents(70%) with tertiary level of education as well as those in non-clinical department (69.7%). The overall perception revealed that 34.0% have high perception for dental services with only 4.7% having good dental services utilization. Binary logistic regression of perception revealed that, those aged 41-50 are less likely with odds of 0.105, (P <0.001). On utilization, those aged 41-50, educational level below tertiary are less likely with P < 0.05 while those in the non-clinical department are more likely to utilize dental services with odds' 3.036 and P=0.001. sixty one percent had visited the dentist with about 33% of such visits due to tooth pain. Lack of time, absence of symptoms, complex hospital routine and fear or anxiety for dental procedures accounted for most of the reasons for non-utilization of dental services. Conclusion: Bivariate logistic regression revealed that older age and educational level are predictors of perception; and that older age, educational levels and type of department were predictors of dental service utilization and they were statistically significant P<0.05. Keywords: Perception, Utilization, Dental services, Staff
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](Journal of Hypertension, 2016
According to the fact that TRPV1 activity can be modulated by a lot of pharmacological molecules ... more According to the fact that TRPV1 activity can be modulated by a lot of pharmacological molecules and volatile anesthetics, this channel may serve as therapeutic target to reduce the infarct size.
Journal of Hypertension, 2016
Results Fifteen patients (16%), had significant levels of anticardiolipine (ACL), with positive a... more Results Fifteen patients (16%), had significant levels of anticardiolipine (ACL), with positive anti β2GP in 8 cases. Vascular involvement was seen in 10 cases and consisted in 7 cases of thrombophlebitis, and 3 cases of vena cava thrombosis. an obstetrical complication occurred in one case. While comparing to the rest of population (78 patients), thrombosis occurred in 30 cases (38,5%). Conclusion It's considered that BD gives rise to a chronic relapsing systemic vasculities. Its association with positive APA may give an increased thromboembolic risk.
Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2016
Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Cli... more Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among patients attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between June and November 2014. Data collected include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status of the patient, accompanying person, period of visit (school calendar period, holiday period, or school public holiday), appointment time (morning or afternoon), and type of dental treatment (emergency visit, routine dental treatment, new patient assessment, and follow-up visit). Results: Data of 385 pediatric dental visits of children aged 0.18-16 years with a mean age of 8.57 3.99 years were recorded and analyzed. The majority of the participants were Edo State indigenes, females (56.4%), aged 6-12 years (57.1%), and of high socioeconomic status. The majority (60.8%) of the children were accompanied by their mother. Both parents were the main accompanying person of children aged 0-5 years, nonparents for the indigenous children, and fathers in emergency visits. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed mothers as the dominant child dental patient accompanying person. There existed a statistically significant difference among accompanying person, age of patient, ethnicity, and type of treatment.
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents' professional experiences were also assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%. The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts, 114 (63.7%); poor self-esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy-four (46.5%) of the respondents did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational experiences with regard to CAN.
Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice
The presence of bilateral fusion of teeth in permanent dentition is an unusual and rare condition... more The presence of bilateral fusion of teeth in permanent dentition is an unusual and rare condition. It is a developmental anomaly characterized by the union of two separate tooth germs during formation. The case of a 9 year old boy with fusion of permanent maxillary central incisors with associated bilateral disto-palatal rotation was examined. The fused maxillary incisors were treated conservatively using an aesthetic restorative material. The purpose of this report is to review the literature related to bilateral fused maxillary permanent teeth and its aesthetic treatment. Keywords: Bilateral fusion, fused teeth, maxillary incisors, treatment
Sahel Medical Journal, 2015
Aims: This study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with tooth wear lesions in patients ... more Aims: This study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with tooth wear lesions in patients attending a dental clinic. Context: Tooth wear lesions entail the loss of dental hard tissues in the absence of caries or trauma. They include abrasion, attrition, and erosion. The etiology is often related to habits leading to insidious symptoms with similar presentations in both community and hospital patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients attending the outpatient dental clinic of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital over a 3-month period. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Results: A total of 152 respondents aged 17–80 years and above, comprising 86 males (56.6%), and 66 females (43.3%) constituted the study population. The Binis were the most represented 34.2%, followed by the Esans 21.1%, while the least represented were the Yorubas (6.6%). The occupations represented in this study include civil servants (30.3%), unskilled workers (23.7%), and non-medical professionals (7.9%). Tooth wear lesions were present in 55.3% of the respondents. Attrition accounted for 29.6%, Abrasion (11.8%), combination of attrition and abrasion (4.6%), and abfraction (2.0%). There was a statistically significant association between tooth wear lesions and age, occupation, sensitivity or pain, tooth cleaning aids, toothbrush texture brushing technique, intake of carbonated beverages, and method of intake. Conclusion: Tooth wear lesions such as attrition and abrasion were prevalent among the respondents in this hospital setting and, therefore, represent an important group of dental problems among this population. It is, therefore, important to direct the appropriate oral health awareness program for the prevention, early detection, and management of these conditions.
Journal of Oral Research and Review, 2016
Objective: To determine the characteristics of children presenting with pain at the Pediatric Den... more Objective: To determine the characteristics of children presenting with pain at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among consecutive patients attending the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Chi-square test was used in comparing proportions, and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: A total of 193 child dental patients aged between 2 and 16 years with a mean age of 9.00 ± 3.91 years were studied. The majority of the participants were females (61.1%) aged 6–12 years (57.5%), indigenous people (64.2%), of high socioeconomic status (69.4%), and their mother had a tertiary education (63.2%). More than three-quarters (84.5%) of the participants reported tooth-related dental pain. Participants of middle and high socioeconomic status and those whose mothers had more than primary education significantly had more tooth-related pain. The primary diagnosis was mainly dental caries and its complications. The main treatment rendered includes extraction, root canal treatment, pulpectomy, and scaling and polishing. There was a significant association between age, main diagnosis, and treatment rendered. Conclusion: Tooth-related pain which is the predominant dental pain in this study was significantly lower in children of lower socioeconomic status and whose mothers had lower educational attainment.
Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry, 2015
Children often have the habit of placing objects in their mouth, and these objects may be acciden... more Children often have the habit of placing objects in their mouth, and these objects may be accidentally implanted in the oral cavity, ingested or aspirated. The article reported a case of foreign body (inner tube of a biro) forming a collar on the cervical one-third of the crown of 72 in an otherwise healthy 6-year-old male child. There was no history of pain, but mother was bothered by the discoloration and “peeling off” the tooth and requested management of the condition. Artery forcep was used to remove the object to the relief of the mother. In conclusion, dentists attending to a child should suspect foreign body when nonpainful discoloration and “peel off” of the tooth are the presenting complaint even if the child patient did not admit placing the foreign body in the mouth. Inner tube of a biro should be included in the list of intraoral foreign body.
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents' professional experiences were also assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%. The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts, 114 (63.7%); poor self-esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy-four (46.5%) of the respondents did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational experiences with regard to CAN.
Annals of African Medicine
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuri... more Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the anterior teeth among children attending paramilitary and nonparamilitary schools in Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select children aged 8–12 years with a previous history of trauma to the orofacial region. A self-administered questionnaire was then applied, and each participant was examined clinically. Data collected included demographic characteristics, etiology and place of injury, affected teeth, type of dental injury, lip competence, and overjet values. Analysis of data was done with the SPSS version 21.0 software. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to determine the association between variables and odds ratio. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 1352 children (mean age: 9.89 ± 1.4 years) were examined and 154 (11.4%) had a previous history of TDI. The prevalence among respondents in the paramilitary schools was 84 (6.2%) and those in nonparamilitary schools 70 (5.2%). Falls and play was the most common cause of TDI and was higher in children in paramilitary schools. Ellis Class I was the most prevalent type of injury in 91 (59.1%), tooth number 21 was the most traumatized, and the school environment was the most common place. Of the total number of respondents with TDI, the relationship between etiology with age, lip competence, and overjet was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI among the study participants was 11.4% and more in the paramilitary schools than the nonparamilitary.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, management and outcome of traumatic dental injuries among... more Objective: To determine the prevalence, management and outcome of traumatic dental injuries among children treated at the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: Data of children with traumatic dental injuries were collected from the clinical register for all children who were treated at the Paediatric Dental Clinic from November 2004 to October 2014. Data collected included the year of trauma, age, sex, teeth injured, type of traumatic dental injury and treatment done. These were analyzed with the chi square test and probability values of p<0.05 applied. Results: Three hundred and nine children (5.0%) suffered dental trauma out of a total number of 6,169 children (age range 1-16years) seen within the study period. The mean age of the patients with dental trauma was 7.61±4.0 years. Dental injuries relating to the primary teeth was recorded in 104(33.7%). Those relating to the permanent teeth was 188(60.8%) and soft tissue injuries accounted...
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2018
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases
of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected
to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents’ professional experiences were also
assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with
a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%.
The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as
products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic
families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts,
114 (63.7%); poor self‑esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy‑four (46.5%) of the respondents
did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack
of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The
dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such
suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational
experiences with regard to CAN.
Keywords: Abuse, child, dentists, knowledge, neglect
South African Dental Journal, May 22, 2023
Background Missed appointments are common in paediatric dentistry, yet not many studies have expl... more Background Missed appointments are common in paediatric dentistry, yet not many studies have explored its prevalence and associated factors. Aim To determine the prevalence of missed appointments and the associated factors. Methods This prospective study design recruited all consecutive paediatric patients that presented for minor oral surgical procedures from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Data collected was the age of patients, gender, parents' educational level, distance from the clinic, type of minor oral surgical procedures and missed appointments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Chi-square test of association was used to determine the association between study participants' age, sex, parents' educational level, the distance from the clinic, and the prevalence of missed dental appointments. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result A total of 182 paediatric dental patients, age ranged from 0.5 to 16 years and with a mean age of 8.55+3.88 participated. Most (60.4%) of the patients were females and 46.2% of them were of school age. Most of the parents had a tertiary level of education and lived within 7 to 12 kilometers from the clinic. The prevalence of missed appointments was 54.9% and the most performed minor oral surgical procedure was primary tooth extraction. The relationship between age group, minor surgical procedures with missed appointments was statistically significant (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the type of surgical procedure was the only independent predictor of missed appointments (p<0.05) Conclusion The prevalence of missed appointments in this study is remarkably high. Although the age of the patients and the type of procedure was associated with the prevalence of missed appointment, it was only the type of surgical procedure that was a significant risk factor for missed appointment.
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research
Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary denti... more Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary dentition among paediatric dental patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 224 children aged 2 to 5 years who visited the paediatric dental clinic over one year with the full complements of their primary dentition. All the children were screened for molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, anthropoid and developmental spaces, as well as their facial profiles, and the data were recorded. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 21.0, Chicago). The Chi-square test analyzed categorical data with a level of significance for all statistical tests set at a probability value of less than 0.05. Results: Bilateral flush terminal plane molar relationship was the most prevalent in 126(56%), followed by the mesial step 84(37.5%). Molar relationship and gender were statistically significant (P= 0.001). Bilateral canine class ...
Nigerian Dental Journal, 2017
Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times... more Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times and prohibitive cost of treatment. This may result in an increase in early childhood caries and subsequent premature tooth loss. Fissure sealants are a preventable method in the management of dental caries but the cost may be a barrier to early treatment. Aim: To compare the duration and cost of sealant treatment between glass ionomer and resin based fissure sealants among children in Benin City,Nigeria. Materials and Methods: All occlusal surfaces of the lower permanent first molars (2 teeth each in a total number of 50 children) were sealed andincluded in the study (n=100). A split-mouth design was used in which a light cure Bis-GMA resin-based sealant was compared with a glass-ionomersealant. They were then randomly placed in 50 matched contralateral pairs of permanent first molar teeth and a stop watch used to record the duration of placement. The cost of treatment was calculated by dividing the cost of the sealant kit with the total number of sealed occlusal surfaces. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 with the chi square test for determination of variables. Probability values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The duration of sealant treatment using resin based sealant ranged from 235 to 446 seconds (mean time 318.86 +55.54 secs); while theduration of sealant treatment using glass ionomer based sealant ranged from 238 to 360 seconds (a mean time 292.57 +33.56 secs); and this wasstatistically significant (P<0.001). The cost of sealing a tooth surface using resin sealant (Clinpro®) was five hundred and seventy naira only. Similarly, the cost of sealing a tooth surface using glass ionomer based sealant (GC Fuji triage®) was eight hundred and forty naira only. Conclusion: Less chairside time is required for sealant treatment using glass ionomer than resin based sealant for fissure sealing procedures. The use of resin based fissure sealant is relatively cheaper when compared with glass ionomer based sealant Keywords: Duration, Cost, Treatment, Sealants
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research, Jan 23, 2021
This study was carried out to assess the pattern of presentation and treatment of Dental Caries- ... more This study was carried out to assess the pattern of presentation and treatment of Dental Caries- related cases among children and adolescence presenting in Paediatric Dentistry clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The clinical records of enrolled 1251 patients aged 16 years and below who presented with caries or its sequelae and treated at the Paediatric Dentistry clinic between June 2004 and June 2008 were analysed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth/ decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index to evaluate dental caries. The total mean DMFT/dmft of the study group was 1.46 with highest mean dmft amongst those aged 0-6 years. More females (55.3%) presented at the clinic than males (44.7%). Age 7 (10.5%) had the highest frequency in the study which had a mean age of 9.3. Acute apical periodontitis (45.6%) was the highest diagnosed condition followed by dental caries (44.2%), dento-alveolar abscess (5.8%), irreversible pulpitis (3.9%) and the least was ...
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2018
Background: Pulse oximeters are a non-invasive device useful in standardization of care in medica... more Background: Pulse oximeters are a non-invasive device useful in standardization of care in medical and dental offices for monitoring respiratory status during operative procedures. A close affiliation exists between the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate which is affected by variables including exercise, traumatic events and operative procedures which may be encountered during standardized dental treatment. Aim: This study was carried out amongst 6-10-year-old children to evaluate the effect of dental operative procedures on peripheral oxygen saturation and pulse rate in Benin-City, Nigeria. Materials and methods: The peripheral oxygen saturation and pulse rate was assessed in 20 children each with a total number of 100 children. They were selected via a convenient sampling method for five procedures; 3 invasive (extraction, GIC filling and Pulpotomy) and 2 non-invasive (Fluoride therapy and scaling and polishing) procedures. The pulse oximeter was placed on the left...
Nigerian Journal of Dental Research, Dec 3, 2018
Aim: To determine the perception and utilization of dental services among staff of a tertiary hos... more Aim: To determine the perception and utilization of dental services among staff of a tertiary hospital Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among staff of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Data was collected with the use of a self-administered questionnaire to elicit information such as socio-demographic, perception and usage of dental services as well as reasons for non-regular usage of dental services. Chi-squared test was used to test associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Results: Data from three hundred and eight six (386) participants were recorded and analyzed. Those within the 21 – 30years age group were in the majority (38.3%), females constituted 54.6% and with majority of the respondents(70%) with tertiary level of education as well as those in non-clinical department (69.7%). The overall perception revealed that 34.0% have high perception for dental services with only 4.7% having good dental services utilization. Binary logistic regression of perception revealed that, those aged 41-50 are less likely with odds of 0.105, (P <0.001). On utilization, those aged 41-50, educational level below tertiary are less likely with P < 0.05 while those in the non-clinical department are more likely to utilize dental services with odds' 3.036 and P=0.001. sixty one percent had visited the dentist with about 33% of such visits due to tooth pain. Lack of time, absence of symptoms, complex hospital routine and fear or anxiety for dental procedures accounted for most of the reasons for non-utilization of dental services. Conclusion: Bivariate logistic regression revealed that older age and educational level are predictors of perception; and that older age, educational levels and type of department were predictors of dental service utilization and they were statistically significant P<0.05. Keywords: Perception, Utilization, Dental services, Staff
Journal of Hypertension, 2016
According to the fact that TRPV1 activity can be modulated by a lot of pharmacological molecules ... more According to the fact that TRPV1 activity can be modulated by a lot of pharmacological molecules and volatile anesthetics, this channel may serve as therapeutic target to reduce the infarct size.
Journal of Hypertension, 2016
Results Fifteen patients (16%), had significant levels of anticardiolipine (ACL), with positive a... more Results Fifteen patients (16%), had significant levels of anticardiolipine (ACL), with positive anti β2GP in 8 cases. Vascular involvement was seen in 10 cases and consisted in 7 cases of thrombophlebitis, and 3 cases of vena cava thrombosis. an obstetrical complication occurred in one case. While comparing to the rest of population (78 patients), thrombosis occurred in 30 cases (38,5%). Conclusion It's considered that BD gives rise to a chronic relapsing systemic vasculities. Its association with positive APA may give an increased thromboembolic risk.
Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2016
Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Cli... more Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among patients attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between June and November 2014. Data collected include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status of the patient, accompanying person, period of visit (school calendar period, holiday period, or school public holiday), appointment time (morning or afternoon), and type of dental treatment (emergency visit, routine dental treatment, new patient assessment, and follow-up visit). Results: Data of 385 pediatric dental visits of children aged 0.18-16 years with a mean age of 8.57 3.99 years were recorded and analyzed. The majority of the participants were Edo State indigenes, females (56.4%), aged 6-12 years (57.1%), and of high socioeconomic status. The majority (60.8%) of the children were accompanied by their mother. Both parents were the main accompanying person of children aged 0-5 years, nonparents for the indigenous children, and fathers in emergency visits. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed mothers as the dominant child dental patient accompanying person. There existed a statistically significant difference among accompanying person, age of patient, ethnicity, and type of treatment.
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents' professional experiences were also assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%. The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts, 114 (63.7%); poor self-esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy-four (46.5%) of the respondents did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational experiences with regard to CAN.
Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice
The presence of bilateral fusion of teeth in permanent dentition is an unusual and rare condition... more The presence of bilateral fusion of teeth in permanent dentition is an unusual and rare condition. It is a developmental anomaly characterized by the union of two separate tooth germs during formation. The case of a 9 year old boy with fusion of permanent maxillary central incisors with associated bilateral disto-palatal rotation was examined. The fused maxillary incisors were treated conservatively using an aesthetic restorative material. The purpose of this report is to review the literature related to bilateral fused maxillary permanent teeth and its aesthetic treatment. Keywords: Bilateral fusion, fused teeth, maxillary incisors, treatment
Sahel Medical Journal, 2015
Aims: This study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with tooth wear lesions in patients ... more Aims: This study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with tooth wear lesions in patients attending a dental clinic. Context: Tooth wear lesions entail the loss of dental hard tissues in the absence of caries or trauma. They include abrasion, attrition, and erosion. The etiology is often related to habits leading to insidious symptoms with similar presentations in both community and hospital patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients attending the outpatient dental clinic of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital over a 3-month period. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Results: A total of 152 respondents aged 17–80 years and above, comprising 86 males (56.6%), and 66 females (43.3%) constituted the study population. The Binis were the most represented 34.2%, followed by the Esans 21.1%, while the least represented were the Yorubas (6.6%). The occupations represented in this study include civil servants (30.3%), unskilled workers (23.7%), and non-medical professionals (7.9%). Tooth wear lesions were present in 55.3% of the respondents. Attrition accounted for 29.6%, Abrasion (11.8%), combination of attrition and abrasion (4.6%), and abfraction (2.0%). There was a statistically significant association between tooth wear lesions and age, occupation, sensitivity or pain, tooth cleaning aids, toothbrush texture brushing technique, intake of carbonated beverages, and method of intake. Conclusion: Tooth wear lesions such as attrition and abrasion were prevalent among the respondents in this hospital setting and, therefore, represent an important group of dental problems among this population. It is, therefore, important to direct the appropriate oral health awareness program for the prevention, early detection, and management of these conditions.
Journal of Oral Research and Review, 2016
Objective: To determine the characteristics of children presenting with pain at the Pediatric Den... more Objective: To determine the characteristics of children presenting with pain at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among consecutive patients attending the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Chi-square test was used in comparing proportions, and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: A total of 193 child dental patients aged between 2 and 16 years with a mean age of 9.00 ± 3.91 years were studied. The majority of the participants were females (61.1%) aged 6–12 years (57.5%), indigenous people (64.2%), of high socioeconomic status (69.4%), and their mother had a tertiary education (63.2%). More than three-quarters (84.5%) of the participants reported tooth-related dental pain. Participants of middle and high socioeconomic status and those whose mothers had more than primary education significantly had more tooth-related pain. The primary diagnosis was mainly dental caries and its complications. The main treatment rendered includes extraction, root canal treatment, pulpectomy, and scaling and polishing. There was a significant association between age, main diagnosis, and treatment rendered. Conclusion: Tooth-related pain which is the predominant dental pain in this study was significantly lower in children of lower socioeconomic status and whose mothers had lower educational attainment.
Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry, 2015
Children often have the habit of placing objects in their mouth, and these objects may be acciden... more Children often have the habit of placing objects in their mouth, and these objects may be accidentally implanted in the oral cavity, ingested or aspirated. The article reported a case of foreign body (inner tube of a biro) forming a collar on the cervical one-third of the crown of 72 in an otherwise healthy 6-year-old male child. There was no history of pain, but mother was bothered by the discoloration and “peeling off” the tooth and requested management of the condition. Artery forcep was used to remove the object to the relief of the mother. In conclusion, dentists attending to a child should suspect foreign body when nonpainful discoloration and “peel off” of the tooth are the presenting complaint even if the child patient did not admit placing the foreign body in the mouth. Inner tube of a biro should be included in the list of intraoral foreign body.
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents' professional experiences were also assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%. The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts, 114 (63.7%); poor self-esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy-four (46.5%) of the respondents did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational experiences with regard to CAN.
Annals of African Medicine
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuri... more Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the anterior teeth among children attending paramilitary and nonparamilitary schools in Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select children aged 8–12 years with a previous history of trauma to the orofacial region. A self-administered questionnaire was then applied, and each participant was examined clinically. Data collected included demographic characteristics, etiology and place of injury, affected teeth, type of dental injury, lip competence, and overjet values. Analysis of data was done with the SPSS version 21.0 software. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to determine the association between variables and odds ratio. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 1352 children (mean age: 9.89 ± 1.4 years) were examined and 154 (11.4%) had a previous history of TDI. The prevalence among respondents in the paramilitary schools was 84 (6.2%) and those in nonparamilitary schools 70 (5.2%). Falls and play was the most common cause of TDI and was higher in children in paramilitary schools. Ellis Class I was the most prevalent type of injury in 91 (59.1%), tooth number 21 was the most traumatized, and the school environment was the most common place. Of the total number of respondents with TDI, the relationship between etiology with age, lip competence, and overjet was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI among the study participants was 11.4% and more in the paramilitary schools than the nonparamilitary.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, management and outcome of traumatic dental injuries among... more Objective: To determine the prevalence, management and outcome of traumatic dental injuries among children treated at the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: Data of children with traumatic dental injuries were collected from the clinical register for all children who were treated at the Paediatric Dental Clinic from November 2004 to October 2014. Data collected included the year of trauma, age, sex, teeth injured, type of traumatic dental injury and treatment done. These were analyzed with the chi square test and probability values of p<0.05 applied. Results: Three hundred and nine children (5.0%) suffered dental trauma out of a total number of 6,169 children (age range 1-16years) seen within the study period. The mean age of the patients with dental trauma was 7.61±4.0 years. Dental injuries relating to the primary teeth was recorded in 104(33.7%). Those relating to the permanent teeth was 188(60.8%) and soft tissue injuries accounted...
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2018
Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in... more Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Dentists are in good position to identify and report cases
of CAN. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the experience and knowledge of CAN among a group of Nigerian dental residents.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study carried out among dentists attending a postgraduate update course. Data were collected
to assess the knowledge of respondents on the forms of CAN, indicators and risk factors. Respondents’ professional experiences were also
assessed as well as actions taken and possible barriers to reporting suspected cases. Results: Data were collected from 179 respondents, with
a mean age of 33.1 ± 5.2 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the forms of child abuse, with an average score of 95.2%.
The risk factors for CAN were correctly identified by 153 (85.5%) respondents as children with physical/mental disabilities, 151 (84.4%) as
products of unwanted pregnancies, 128 (71.5%) as children from polygamous families and 122 (68.2%) as children from low socioeconomic
families. Physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect were majorly identified as bruises behind the ears, 162 (90.5%); oral warts,
114 (63.7%); poor self‑esteem, 158 (88.3%) and untreated rampant caries, 137 (76.5%), respectively. Seventy‑four (46.5%) of the respondents
did not evaluate children for CAN and only 12 (14.1%) of those who observed suspected cases of CAN reported to the social service. Lack
of knowledge of referral procedures and concerns about confidentiality were the major barriers to reporting cases of CAN. Conclusion: The
dentists had good theoretical knowledge of the indicators, risk factors and signs of CAN but lagged in clinical detection and reporting of such
suspected cases. There is a need for continuing education and advancement of the postgraduate dental curriculum to improve the educational
experiences with regard to CAN.
Keywords: Abuse, child, dentists, knowledge, neglect
Saudi Journal for Health Sciences | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016
Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Cli... more Objective: To determine the child dental patient accompanying person to the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional, observational study was conducted among
patients attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between June and November 2014. Data collected include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status of the patient, accompanying person, period of visit (school calendar period, holiday period, or school public holiday), appointment time (morning or afternoon), and type of dental treatment (emergency visit, routine dental treatment, new patient assessment,
and follow‑up visit).
Results: Data of 385 paediatric dental visits of children aged 0.18–16 years with a mean age of 8.57 ± 3.99 years were recorded and analysed. The majority of the participants were Edo State indigenes, females (56.4%), aged 6–12 years (57.1%), and of high socioeconomic status. The majority (60.8%) of the children were accompanied by their mother. Both parents were the main accompanying person of children aged 0–5 years, nonparents for the indigenous children, and fathers in emergency visits.
Conclusion: Data from this study revealed mothers as the dominant child dental patient accompanying person. There existed a statistically significant difference among accompanying person, age of patient, ethnicity, and type of treatment.
Key words: Accompanying person, child, dental visit, Nigeria