Martynas Mockus | Università di Bologna (original) (raw)

Papers by Martynas Mockus

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015

The purpose is to analyze the licensing of Open Government Data (OGD). The problem is that differ... more The purpose is to analyze the licensing of Open Government Data (OGD). The problem is that different regimes of regulation of OGD in Europe create extra barriers for re-using OGD. The survey investigated OGD portals around the world and found out which different regulation regimes are applied on datasets and what the most popular licenses are. Compatibility of the leading licenses and legal notices and case analysis of Italy, Lithuania and UK is presented. This paper is organized: (1) definitions, principles and methodology; (2) results of a survey of the licensing of OGD; (3) analysis of the licenses; (4) case analysis; (5) conclusions and future work.

Jusletter-IT, 2020

This paper represents the complexity of the ecosystem of chatbots and related challenges of IPRs.... more This paper represents the complexity of the ecosystem of chatbots and related challenges of IPRs. It focuses on the analysis of legal and case law of the European Union, suggest which of the IPR instruments may be used by chatbots developers in order to ensure effective legal protection, rights transfer and etc. The Survey of the Licensing and Terms and Conditions of 20 Conversational Computing Platforms has discovered different legal possibilities to implement IPRs. This paper is organized: 1) introduction and state of art 2) legal analysis; 3) the survey of conversational computing platforms; 4) conclusions and future work.

2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM), 2017

An important pillar of Linked Open Government Data is to be able to mix datasets by using common ... more An important pillar of Linked Open Government Data is to be able to mix datasets by using common ontologies in order to infer new knowledge. The open government datasets to be mashed-up by developers may be subject to distinct licenses, legal notices, terms of use, and applicable law and regulations from multiple jurisdictions. Within this complex ecosystem there is a need to create semi-automatic tools supported by an ontology to help technical reusers of Public Sector Information to utilize datasets according to their intended purpose and in compliance with the legal obligations that govern the rights to reuse the data. Unfortunately, some researchers may avoid considering all the legal frameworks that apply in the domain of Open Government Data and limit their investigation to only the area of licenses. To enable wider, compliant utilisation of mashed-up open data, we have analysed the European Union (EU) legal framework of reuse of Public Sector Information (PSI), the EU Database Directive and copyright framework and other legal sources (e.g., licenses, legal notices, terms of use) that can apply to open government Datasets. From this deep analysis we now model several major concepts in an Ontology of Open Government Data Licenses Framework for a Mash-up Model (OGDL4M). There have been earlier ontologies for creative commons or open licenses, but they did not anticipate the other legal constraints that arise from Open Government regulations. The OGDL4M ontology will be used for qualifying datasets in order to improve the accuracy of their legal annotation. The Ontology also aims to connect each applicable legal rule to official legal texts in order to direct legal experts and reusers to primary sources. This paper aims to present the modules of the OGDL4M ontology in depth and to describe some preliminary evaluation.

Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 2015

Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems, 2016

Developers of Open Government Data M ash-ups face the following legal barriers: different license... more Developers of Open Government Data M ash-ups face the following legal barriers: different licenses, legal notices, terms-of-use and legal rules from different jurisdictions that are applied to an open datasets. This paper analyzes implementation of Revised PSI Directive in EU M ember states, also highlights the legal problems. M oreover it analyzes how Public Sector Information is defined by the national law and what requirements are applied to the datasets released by public sector institutions. The results of the paper show that PSI regulation in EU M ember countries is very different and the implementation of revised PSI Directive is not successful. These problems limit the reuse of Open Government Datasets. The paper suggests the ontology in order to understand the requirements that originate from the national EU M ember countries law and which are applied to Open Government Datasets. Also, the ontology models different implementations of the EU PSI Directive in the M ember countries.

The article analyses problems facing electronic legislation development (especially legislation p... more The article analyses problems facing electronic legislation development (especially legislation processes of publishing acts) in EU and EFTA member countries. All European countries were publishing acts officially on paper until the end of year 2000. The way of publishing acts officially was the same in all Europe countries, except that some counties had one “official journal” in which legal acts and other official documents and legal notices were published, and other countries had separate legal gazettes for acts publishing and an official gazette for publishing other official documents and legal notices. At the beginning of 2001 Norway started to publish acts officially in digital form, and only 12-20 times a year paper editions to present the statutes and regulations enacted since the publication of the previous issue are published. In 2002 Estonia decided to finish the publishing of paper editions, and started to publish acts only electronically. Till 2011 more than 10 European ...

Temos aktualumas. Paskutinius dešimt metų Europos valstybėse vyksta teisėkūros proceso reforma. I... more Temos aktualumas. Paskutinius dešimt metų Europos valstybėse vyksta teisėkūros proceso reforma. Informacinės Web 2.0. ir 3.0. technologijos sparčiai žengia į elektroninės teisėkūros procesus, ypač susijusius su teisės aktų ar jų projektų viešinimu. Europos Sąjungos institucijos svarsto galimybę atsisakyti "Oficialaus leidinio" spausdinimo bei nustatyti oficialų teisės aktų ir kitų oficialių dokumentų skelbimą tik elektroniniu būdu. Lietuvoje įstatymų leidėjai vis dar diskutuoja, ar jau laikas atsisakyti "popierinio" teisės aktų skelbimo ir pereiti tik prie elektroninės teisės aktų skelbimo formos. Kadangi oficialus teisės aktų skelbimas yra viena iš kertinių teisinės valstybės prievolių, būtina analizuoti vykstantį teisėkūros procesų, ypač susijusių su teisės aktų skelbimu, kismą. Tinkamas informacinių technologijų panaudojimas teisėkūros procese skatins piliečių dalyvavimą teisėkūros procese, pilietinės visuomenės vystymąsi bei didins teisinės informacijos sklaidą. Tuo tarpu netinkamas elektroninės teisėkūros vystymas gali padaryti labai didelės žalos: pakirsti piliečių pasitikėjimą valdžios institucijomis, sukelti destrukciją. Be jokios abejonės, artimoje ateityje tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose pasaulio valstybėse plėtosis elektroninės demokratijos procesas, kurio vienas iš pamatinių akmenų bus elektroninė teisėkūra. Šiam procesui bus skiriama nemažai žmogiškųjų ir viešųjų finansinių išteklių, tad svarbu, kuo išsamiau išnagrinėti užsienio šalių patirtį, aptarti principus, kuriais vadovaujantis turėtų būti diegiamos informacinės teisės aktų sistemos. Kadangi šiuo metu nėra nustatyta rekomendacijų ar standartų informacinėms teisės 1 Europos Parlamento, Tarybos ir Europos Komisijos priimtas Institucijų susitarimas dėl geresnės teisėkūros.

Jusletter IT, 2020

This paper represents the complexity of ecosystem of chatbots and related challenges of IPRs. It ... more This paper represents the complexity of ecosystem of chatbots and related challenges of IPRs. It focuses on the analysis of legal and case law of the European Union, suggest which of the IPR instruments may be used by chatbots developers in order to ensure effective legal protection, rights transfer and etc. The Survey of the Licensing and Terms and Conditions of 20 Conversational Computing Platforms has discovered different legal possibilities to implement IPRs. This paper is organized: 1) introduction and state of art 2) legal analysis; 3) the survey of conversational computing platforms; 4) conclusions and future work.

Developers of Open Government Data Mash-ups face the following legal barriers: different licenses... more Developers of Open Government Data Mash-ups face the following legal barriers: different licenses, legal notices, terms-of-use and legal rules from different jurisdictions that are applied to an open datasets. This paper analyzes implementation of Revised PSI Directive in EU Member states, also highlights the legal problems. Moreover it analyzes how Public Sector Information is defined by the national law and what requirements are applied to the datasets released by public sector institutions. The results of the paper show that PSI regulation in EU Member countries is very different and the implementation of revised PSI Directive is not successful. These problems limit the reuse of Open Government Datasets. The paper suggests the ontology in order to understand the requirements that originate from the national EU Member countries law and which are applied to Open Government Datasets. Also, the ontology models different implementations of the EU PSI Directive in the Member countries.

This article analyses the problems coming from the intellectual work on mash-up of open governmen... more This article analyses the problems coming from the intellectual work on mash-up of open government data, defines and describes open data principles, investigates the licenses of open government data, proposes how to use the technology as a tool to manage the problems and to enrich basic legal principles used in the copyright of databases. As example, CC-BY v.4.0 licenses are analyzed.

Thesis Chapters by Martynas Mockus

Objectives of the thesis are –1) to identify the legal problems coming from mashups of Open Gover... more Objectives of the thesis are –1) to identify the legal problems coming from mashups of Open Government Data (OGD) and 2) to purpose an informal ontology to help technical reusers of Public Sector Information to utilize datasets according to their intended purpose and in compliance with the legal obligations that govern the rights to reuse the data. A survey of national OGD portals found that the majority of OGD are released under inappropriate licenses, not fully complying with the legal rules that apply to the reuse of the data. Open Government Data can be released and covered by multiple licensing regimes, up to 33 in a single country. We have analysed the European Union (EU) legal framework of reuse of Public Sector Information (PSI), the EU Database Directive and copyright framework and other legal sources (e.g., licenses, legal notices, and terms of use) that can apply to open government Datasets. From this deep analysis we have modelled several major concepts in an Informal Ontology of Open Government Data Licenses Framework for a Mash-up Model (iOGDL4M). The iOGDL4M will be used for qualifying datasets in order to improve the accuracy of their legal annotation. The iOGDL4M also aims to connect each applicable legal rule to official legal texts in order to direct legal experts and reusers to primary sources. This research aims to present 1) a legal analysis of OGD regulation in the European Union and its member states; 2) the Survey of National Open Government Data Portals and analysis of the most commonly applied licenses and legal notices and their compatibility; and 3) the Informal Ontology of Open Government Data Licenses Framework for a Mash-up Model. This thesis is comprised of 4 publications. It consists of presentation of the research, the publications, and annexes that support the research.

Drafts by Martynas Mockus