Viola Tanganelli | Università di Bologna (original) (raw)
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Le necropoli di Campochiaro, Vicenne e Morrione, costituiscono un ampio complesso barbarico dell\... more Le necropoli di Campochiaro, Vicenne e Morrione, costituiscono un ampio complesso barbarico dell\u2019Italia meridionale (Molise) datato al VII secolo d.C. (Ceglia, 2000). Lo studio archeologico e antropologico della necropoli di Vicenne ha restituito l\u2019immagine di una societ\ue0 caratterizzata da una singolare multiculturalit\ue0, strutturata gerarchicamente in virt\uf9 dell\u2019attivit\ue0 bellica, e in condizioni di vita e salute difficili (Belcastro et. al, 2003, 2007). Nel presente lavoro si espongono i dati relativi alla distribuzione della mortalit\ue0 infantile delle due necropoli, un parametro che fornisce importanti indicazioni sullo stato di salute della popolazione. Gli scavi di Campochiaro hanno portato alla luce 167 sepolture nell\u2019area di Vicenne e 234 nell\u2019area di Morrione. L\u2019et\ue0 degli individui in crescita \ue8 stata stimata applicando i comuni metodi antropologici. Lo studio dei reperti ha evidenziato valori di mortalit\ue0 compresi tra il 30...
Convegno organizzato dal Dipartimento di Scienze biologiche, geologiche e ambientali -BiGeA, 2016
Amassing of skeletal reference collections has resulted in the overrepresentation of societies&am... more Amassing of skeletal reference collections has resulted in the overrepresentation of societies' impoverished. The study of biological expressions of social conditions provides the opportunity to explore the biological dimensions of power relations and to give voice to the voiceless. This study examines growth disparities in children from two such collections derived from 20th century cemeteries (Lisbon, Portugal and Bologna, Italy). Diaphyseal length measurements of the long bones were taken from known sex and age juveniles (Lisbon n=77, Bologna n=70), aged between birth and 12 years. Age and sex-specific z-scores for bone length were calculated for each individual using Maresh reference data. Sample mean z-scores were then compared. Children in both collections show a significant growth deficit relative to the reference, with the femur showing the largest deficit (mean z-score = -2.13), while the radius (-1.14) showed the least. The Bologna children are significantly (p<0.01) more retarded in linear growth than the Lisbon children. These growth differentials may result from social inequalities in death, which affect burial practices and incorporation into collections. Although both collections incorporate unclaimed cemetery remains, in the Bologna collection the process may have resulted in a greater representation of the most impoverished. Conversely, growth differentials may also reflect social inequalities experienced during life, reflecting different social backgrounds and pathways to industrialization, and the social disparities it created. The rich sample contexts and growth's responsiveness to social circumstances, provides an ideal source of information to study embodiment that can expand our knowledge of social inequalities in past populations. Funding for this project was provided by SSHRC - Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2020
Objectives: Sex estimation in subadult skeletal remains is still considered highly problematic. T... more Objectives: Sex estimation in subadult skeletal remains is still considered highly problematic. The aim of this research is to test the reliability of the method of subadult sex assessment proposed by Luna and co-workers in 2017, based on the analysis of the auricular surface of the ilium. Materials and Methods: Seven ratios and three morphological traits were recorded for 127 subadult individuals (63 males and 64 females), aged between 0 and 17 years, from several Identified Skeletal Collections of the University of Bologna. Nonparametric Mann Whitney test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used for continuous variables, whereas the Cramer Coefficient was calculated for qualitative variable. A principal component analysis was also performed on ratio values. The statistic ƞ was taken into account for both types of variables. Results: None of the ratios presented significant dimorphic results. Two qualitative variables show statistically significant differences between sexes. The overall morphology proved to be an accurate sex predictor among children aged ≥4 years (78%-86%) and meets the minimum accuracy standard (75%) for subadult sex estimation for individuals between 1 and 17 years of age. The morphology of the retroauricular end of the superior demiface (MRS) can be used with a high level of accuracy for sexing individuals from 1 to 12 years (77%-81%). Conclusions: The metric variables did not replicate the accuracy values originally obtained by Luna and co-workers. Otherwise, the evaluation of the morphological variables proposed by the authors yielded promising results as a reliable sexing technique for individuals who died before puberty.
Pedobiologia, 2014
ABSTRACT Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are ... more ABSTRACT Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely widespread symbionts of Arthropoda and Nematoda. Their ability to manipulate the reproductive behavior of the host is of particular importance to the fauna of the deep soil horizon, an environment in which parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts can play a crucial role in shaping population dynamics and speciation processes. In this study, three novel cases of infection in parthenogenetic Collembola (Parisotoma notabilis, Neelus murinus and Megalothorax minimus) are described. Sequences for molecular markers 16S rDNA and ftsZ were obtained for each species; their phylogenetic affinities with known Wolbachia supergroups were established using Bayesian inference. The analysis confirmed the presence of a Wolbachia strain belonging to the supergroup E, already reported from Folsomia candida and the Tullbergiidae, in the isotomid P. notabilis, while the Neelipleona M. minimus and N. murinus host a well differentiated strain which is phylogenetically distinct from supergroup E. Multiple events of Wolbachia infection in springtails as well as a richer diversity of the symbiont strains in soil arthropods were hereby confirmed.
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Jul 31, 2017
The necropolis of Campochiaro Vicenne and Morrione is one of the most important barbarian inhumat... more The necropolis of Campochiaro Vicenne and Morrione is one of the most important barbarian inhumation areas dating back to the VII century a.C. (Ceglia, 2000). The archeological and anthropological analysis of Vicenne has provided insight into the warfare-centered social structure of this remarkably multicultural population and the critical living conditions it was facing (Belcastro et. al, 2003, 2007). This study focuses on the distribution of juvenile mortality (0-20 years) in the two burial sites in order to obtain a more comprehensive reconstruction of the general health and wellness of the population.
The entire burial area consists of 167 graves from Vicenne and 234 from Morrione. The age at death of the juvenile skeletons was estimated applying commonly used macroscopic methods. Juvenile mortality is comprised among 25% and 35% in the two necropolis, with the majority of deaths occurring before the eighth year of life. This relatively high mortality, reflecting the critical living conditions of the population, is nevertheless consistent with the values observed in Europe for the Early Middle Ages (see Barbiera e Dalla Zuanna, 2007, Del Panta et al., 1997).
Tanganelli V., Zuppello M., Mariotti V., Belcastro M.G. (2014) Mortalità infantile nelle necropoli altomedieovali di Campochiaro Vicenne e Morrione (CB, Molise). In Annali dell’Università di Ferrara, Serie Museografia Scientifica e Naturalistica. ISSN 1824-2707
Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely... more Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely widespread symbionts of Arthropoda and Nematoda. Their ability to manipulate the reproductive behavior of the host is of particular importance to the fauna of the deep soil horizon, an environment in which parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts can play a crucial role in shaping population dynamics and speciation processes. In this study, three novel cases of infection in parthenogenetic Collembola (Parisotoma notabilis, Neelus murinus and Megalothorax minimus) are described. Sequences for molecular markers 16S rDNA and ftsZ were obtained for each species; their phylogenetic affinities with known Wolbachia supergroups were established using Bayesian inference. The analysis confirmed the presence of a Wolbachia strain belonging to the supergroup E, already reported from Folsomia candida and the Tullbergiidae, in the isotomid P. notabilis, while the Neelipleona M. minimus and N. murinus host a well differentiated strain which is phylogenetically distinct from supergroup E. Multiple events of Wolbachia infection in springtails as well as a richer diversity of the symbiont strains in soil arthropods were hereby confirmed.
Le necropoli di Campochiaro, Vicenne e Morrione, costituiscono un ampio complesso barbarico dell\... more Le necropoli di Campochiaro, Vicenne e Morrione, costituiscono un ampio complesso barbarico dell\u2019Italia meridionale (Molise) datato al VII secolo d.C. (Ceglia, 2000). Lo studio archeologico e antropologico della necropoli di Vicenne ha restituito l\u2019immagine di una societ\ue0 caratterizzata da una singolare multiculturalit\ue0, strutturata gerarchicamente in virt\uf9 dell\u2019attivit\ue0 bellica, e in condizioni di vita e salute difficili (Belcastro et. al, 2003, 2007). Nel presente lavoro si espongono i dati relativi alla distribuzione della mortalit\ue0 infantile delle due necropoli, un parametro che fornisce importanti indicazioni sullo stato di salute della popolazione. Gli scavi di Campochiaro hanno portato alla luce 167 sepolture nell\u2019area di Vicenne e 234 nell\u2019area di Morrione. L\u2019et\ue0 degli individui in crescita \ue8 stata stimata applicando i comuni metodi antropologici. Lo studio dei reperti ha evidenziato valori di mortalit\ue0 compresi tra il 30...
Convegno organizzato dal Dipartimento di Scienze biologiche, geologiche e ambientali -BiGeA, 2016
Amassing of skeletal reference collections has resulted in the overrepresentation of societies&am... more Amassing of skeletal reference collections has resulted in the overrepresentation of societies' impoverished. The study of biological expressions of social conditions provides the opportunity to explore the biological dimensions of power relations and to give voice to the voiceless. This study examines growth disparities in children from two such collections derived from 20th century cemeteries (Lisbon, Portugal and Bologna, Italy). Diaphyseal length measurements of the long bones were taken from known sex and age juveniles (Lisbon n=77, Bologna n=70), aged between birth and 12 years. Age and sex-specific z-scores for bone length were calculated for each individual using Maresh reference data. Sample mean z-scores were then compared. Children in both collections show a significant growth deficit relative to the reference, with the femur showing the largest deficit (mean z-score = -2.13), while the radius (-1.14) showed the least. The Bologna children are significantly (p<0.01) more retarded in linear growth than the Lisbon children. These growth differentials may result from social inequalities in death, which affect burial practices and incorporation into collections. Although both collections incorporate unclaimed cemetery remains, in the Bologna collection the process may have resulted in a greater representation of the most impoverished. Conversely, growth differentials may also reflect social inequalities experienced during life, reflecting different social backgrounds and pathways to industrialization, and the social disparities it created. The rich sample contexts and growth's responsiveness to social circumstances, provides an ideal source of information to study embodiment that can expand our knowledge of social inequalities in past populations. Funding for this project was provided by SSHRC - Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2020
Objectives: Sex estimation in subadult skeletal remains is still considered highly problematic. T... more Objectives: Sex estimation in subadult skeletal remains is still considered highly problematic. The aim of this research is to test the reliability of the method of subadult sex assessment proposed by Luna and co-workers in 2017, based on the analysis of the auricular surface of the ilium. Materials and Methods: Seven ratios and three morphological traits were recorded for 127 subadult individuals (63 males and 64 females), aged between 0 and 17 years, from several Identified Skeletal Collections of the University of Bologna. Nonparametric Mann Whitney test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used for continuous variables, whereas the Cramer Coefficient was calculated for qualitative variable. A principal component analysis was also performed on ratio values. The statistic ƞ was taken into account for both types of variables. Results: None of the ratios presented significant dimorphic results. Two qualitative variables show statistically significant differences between sexes. The overall morphology proved to be an accurate sex predictor among children aged ≥4 years (78%-86%) and meets the minimum accuracy standard (75%) for subadult sex estimation for individuals between 1 and 17 years of age. The morphology of the retroauricular end of the superior demiface (MRS) can be used with a high level of accuracy for sexing individuals from 1 to 12 years (77%-81%). Conclusions: The metric variables did not replicate the accuracy values originally obtained by Luna and co-workers. Otherwise, the evaluation of the morphological variables proposed by the authors yielded promising results as a reliable sexing technique for individuals who died before puberty.
Pedobiologia, 2014
ABSTRACT Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are ... more ABSTRACT Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely widespread symbionts of Arthropoda and Nematoda. Their ability to manipulate the reproductive behavior of the host is of particular importance to the fauna of the deep soil horizon, an environment in which parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts can play a crucial role in shaping population dynamics and speciation processes. In this study, three novel cases of infection in parthenogenetic Collembola (Parisotoma notabilis, Neelus murinus and Megalothorax minimus) are described. Sequences for molecular markers 16S rDNA and ftsZ were obtained for each species; their phylogenetic affinities with known Wolbachia supergroups were established using Bayesian inference. The analysis confirmed the presence of a Wolbachia strain belonging to the supergroup E, already reported from Folsomia candida and the Tullbergiidae, in the isotomid P. notabilis, while the Neelipleona M. minimus and N. murinus host a well differentiated strain which is phylogenetically distinct from supergroup E. Multiple events of Wolbachia infection in springtails as well as a richer diversity of the symbiont strains in soil arthropods were hereby confirmed.
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Jul 31, 2017
The necropolis of Campochiaro Vicenne and Morrione is one of the most important barbarian inhumat... more The necropolis of Campochiaro Vicenne and Morrione is one of the most important barbarian inhumation areas dating back to the VII century a.C. (Ceglia, 2000). The archeological and anthropological analysis of Vicenne has provided insight into the warfare-centered social structure of this remarkably multicultural population and the critical living conditions it was facing (Belcastro et. al, 2003, 2007). This study focuses on the distribution of juvenile mortality (0-20 years) in the two burial sites in order to obtain a more comprehensive reconstruction of the general health and wellness of the population.
The entire burial area consists of 167 graves from Vicenne and 234 from Morrione. The age at death of the juvenile skeletons was estimated applying commonly used macroscopic methods. Juvenile mortality is comprised among 25% and 35% in the two necropolis, with the majority of deaths occurring before the eighth year of life. This relatively high mortality, reflecting the critical living conditions of the population, is nevertheless consistent with the values observed in Europe for the Early Middle Ages (see Barbiera e Dalla Zuanna, 2007, Del Panta et al., 1997).
Tanganelli V., Zuppello M., Mariotti V., Belcastro M.G. (2014) Mortalità infantile nelle necropoli altomedieovali di Campochiaro Vicenne e Morrione (CB, Molise). In Annali dell’Università di Ferrara, Serie Museografia Scientifica e Naturalistica. ISSN 1824-2707
Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely... more Eubacterial cellular endoparasites belonging to the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) are extremely widespread symbionts of Arthropoda and Nematoda. Their ability to manipulate the reproductive behavior of the host is of particular importance to the fauna of the deep soil horizon, an environment in which parthenogenesis-inducing symbionts can play a crucial role in shaping population dynamics and speciation processes. In this study, three novel cases of infection in parthenogenetic Collembola (Parisotoma notabilis, Neelus murinus and Megalothorax minimus) are described. Sequences for molecular markers 16S rDNA and ftsZ were obtained for each species; their phylogenetic affinities with known Wolbachia supergroups were established using Bayesian inference. The analysis confirmed the presence of a Wolbachia strain belonging to the supergroup E, already reported from Folsomia candida and the Tullbergiidae, in the isotomid P. notabilis, while the Neelipleona M. minimus and N. murinus host a well differentiated strain which is phylogenetically distinct from supergroup E. Multiple events of Wolbachia infection in springtails as well as a richer diversity of the symbiont strains in soil arthropods were hereby confirmed.