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Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Specific Dysphoric Symptoms Are Predicted by Early Maladaptive

Copyright © 2014 Roberta Trincas et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creat... more Copyright © 2014 Roberta Trincas et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns resulting from unmet core emotional needs in childhood that have been linked to the development of psychopathology. As depression is a multifaceted phenomenon, we hypothesized that specific dysphoric symptoms would be predicted by different EMSs. Four hundred and fifty-six participants completed a measure of EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) and reported on the severity of the symptoms of criterion A for major depression in DSM-IV during the occurrence of a dysphoric episode in the previous 12 months. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of the EMSs for the severity of each specific depressive symptom. When controlli...

Research paper thumbnail of Dipendenze Comportamentali in Adolescenza: Fattori DI Rischio, Strumenti, Linee Guida Per La Prevenzione

Research paper thumbnail of L’effetto di mediazione degli scopi personali nella relazione tra eventi di vita avversi e sintomi depressivi

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza: una revisione critica della letteratura

Research paper thumbnail of La teoria cognitiva di Beck : caratteristiche distintive

Research paper thumbnail of The role of emotion beliefs on emotion regulation processes. A review of theories, researches and treatment

Research paper thumbnail of Goals and functions of rumination: A review

Research paper thumbnail of Schemi maladattivi precoci, sintomi depressivi ed eventi di vita avversi: uno studio correlazionale

Research paper thumbnail of Specific Beliefs about Emotions Are Associated with Different Emotion-Regulation Strategies

Psychology, 2016

Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) ... more Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) with psychopathology, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Coherently with cognitive models, this study tested the hypothesis that specific beliefs about emotions may be associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and the use of different ERS (reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, rumination, avoidant coping, experiential avoidance). Consistently with the role of avoidance in the cognitive model of worry, we sought testing a mediation pattern where negative beliefs about emotions were connected to maladaptive ERS through experiential avoidance. 309 participants filled out an online questionnaire that measured beliefs about emotions, difficulties in emotion-regulation, and the tendency to adopt different ERS. Results showed that negative beliefs and high fear of emotions were associated with the use of specific ERS and avoidance coping. Fear of depressed mood and anxiety was associated with rumination and emotional avoidance, whereas emotion suppression was mainly associated with fear of anger and positive affect. Also, we found that experiential avoidance mediated the association between beliefs about emotion, rumination and emotional avoidance. Results provided evidence about the specific associations between beliefs about emotions and emotion-regulation processes, suggesting that beliefs about emotions may play a role in orienting specific ER styles.

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing the Meta-Emotional Problem Decreases Physiological Fear Response during Exposure in Phobics

Frontiers in Psychology, 2016

Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in... more Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem or first-level emotion) but also by the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself for having those symptoms (secondary problem or negative meta-emotion). An exploratory study was conducted driven by the hypothesis that reducing the secondary or meta-emotional problem would also diminish the fear response to the phobic stimulus. Thirty-three phobic participants were exposed to the phobic target before and after undergoing a psychotherapeutic intervention addressed to reduce the meta-emotional problem or a control condition. The electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and affect ratings were obtained. Addressing the meta-emotional problem had the effect of reducing the physiological but not the subjective symptoms of anxiety after phobic exposure. Preliminary findings support the role of the metaemotional problem in the maintenance of response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem).

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring and risky behaviours in adolescence: a literature review

Psicologia Clinica Dello Sviluppo, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Emotionally Relevant Stimuli Interact With Control Processes in Task-Switching

Research paper thumbnail of Executive Control and Expectancies in Endogenous Orienting of Attention

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Specific Dysphoric Symptoms Are Predicted by Early Maladaptive Schemas

Research paper thumbnail of Role of the Secondary Problem in Preventing Physiological Habituation to Phobic Stimuli

Research paper thumbnail of The role of personal goals in depressive reaction to adverse life events: a cross-sectional study

TheScientificWorldJournal, 2012

Consistent with cognitive views of depression, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of pers... more Consistent with cognitive views of depression, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of personal goals in the relationship between stressful events and distinct patterns of depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Participants identified a dysphoric episode that occurred in the previous year by reporting the severity of 12 depressive symptoms and their plausible cause. A goal taxonomy was used to determine how much the event interfered with the achievement of a series of personal goals. After controlling for age and current level of depression, the patterns of symptoms differed based on the triggering events. The relationship between sadness and affective losses was partially mediated by the personal goal of lovableness, and success was a partial mediator in the association between an event of failure and symptoms of worthlessness and anhedonia. Although the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for conclusions on the direction of effects, findings suggest the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Specific dysphoric symptoms are predicted by early maladaptive schemas.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns that result from unmet core emotional nee... more Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns that result from unmet core emotional needs in childhood that have been linked to the development of psychopathology. As depression is a multifaceted phenomenon, we hypothesized that speci c dysphoric symptoms would be predicted by di erent EMSs. Four hundred and y-six participants completed a measure of EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) and reported on the severity of the symptoms of criterion A for major depression in DSM-IV during the occurrence of a dysphoric episode in the previous months. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of the EMSs for the severity of each speci c depressive symptom. When controlling for gender and current levels of depression, speci c symptoms were predicted by di erent EMSs: sadness by Negativity/Pessimism; anhedonia by Failure; self-harm by Emotional Deprivation and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness; worthlessness by Failure and Negativity/Pessimism; psychomotor retardation/restlessness by Vulnerability to Harm or Illness and Entitlement/Grandiosity; and poor concentration by Insu cient Self-Control/Self-Discipline. e more physical symptoms of fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, and appetite loss/appetite gain were not predicted by any of the EMSs. Although the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for conclusions about the direction of e ects, results suggest that depression is not a unitary phenomenon and provide a possible explanation for previous inconsistent ndings.

Research paper thumbnail of La relazione tra processi emotivi e processi di controllo cognitivo: i meccanismi di conflitto e interazione

RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, Jan 1, 2012

Nell'ultimo decennio si è sviluppato notevolmente lo studio della relazione tra processi emotivi ... more Nell'ultimo decennio si è sviluppato notevolmente lo studio della relazione tra processi emotivi e processi di controllo cognitivo e, attualmente, è stata sottolineata la similarità tra questi due processi. Pensiamo, per esempio, allo sviluppo dei modelli del doppio processo nell'ambito di studio delle emozioni (Barrett et al., 2007), secondo cui i processi emotivi comprendono forme di elaborazione automatica e controllata così come i processi cognitivi. In accordo con questa prospettiva, risulta necessario chiarire alcune questioni fondamentali sulla similarità tra emozioni e processi cognitivi e sui loro meccanismi di interazione. Le ricerche sull'argomento si sono interessate a due aspetti, uno riguarda il ruolo dei processi di controllo cognitivo nella regolazione emotiva, l'altro si focalizza sull'influenza delle emozioni sui processi di controllo del pensiero e del comportamento. L'obiettivo di questa rassegna critica della letteratura è di approfondire quest'ultimo filone di ricerca considerando, in particolare, la prospettiva secondo cui gli stati emotivi sarebbero attivati automaticamente e, conseguentemente, interferirebbero sull'esecuzione di compiti che richiedono controllo esecutivo (Gray, 2004; Zelazo, 2006). A tal fine, verrà delineata una prospettiva teorico/metodologica che integra i principali modelli teorici e le ricerche appartenenti a questo ambito di studi delle scienze cognitive. Parole chiave: emozione; controllo cognitivo; conflitto e interazione; interazione emozione/cognizione. 243 R. Trincas, M. Meleddu / Ricerche di Psicologia 2 (2011) 243-280

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza: una revisione critica della letteratura

Psicologia clinica dello sviluppo, Jan 1, 2008

In generale, con il termine parental monitoring ci si riferisce ad un insieme di comportamenti me... more In generale, con il termine parental monitoring ci si riferisce ad un insieme di comportamenti messi in atto dai genitori e tesi a controllare e conoscere le attività dei propri figli. Questi comportamenti caratterizzano e influenzano soprattutto la relazione con i figli adolescenti, la cui autonomia aumenta progressivamente. Il presente lavoro di rassegna della letteratura, oltre a dare il quadro attuale della ricerca in questo ambito, prende in considerazione gli studi che evidenziano una stretta relazione tra parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza. I lavori considerati riguardano principalmente l'abuso di alcol e di droghe, l'iniziazione al fumo, il gioco d'azzardo, i disturbi alimentari e i comportamenti sessuali a rischio.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Specific Dysphoric Symptoms Are Predicted by Early Maladaptive

Copyright © 2014 Roberta Trincas et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creat... more Copyright © 2014 Roberta Trincas et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns resulting from unmet core emotional needs in childhood that have been linked to the development of psychopathology. As depression is a multifaceted phenomenon, we hypothesized that specific dysphoric symptoms would be predicted by different EMSs. Four hundred and fifty-six participants completed a measure of EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) and reported on the severity of the symptoms of criterion A for major depression in DSM-IV during the occurrence of a dysphoric episode in the previous 12 months. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of the EMSs for the severity of each specific depressive symptom. When controlli...

Research paper thumbnail of Dipendenze Comportamentali in Adolescenza: Fattori DI Rischio, Strumenti, Linee Guida Per La Prevenzione

Research paper thumbnail of L’effetto di mediazione degli scopi personali nella relazione tra eventi di vita avversi e sintomi depressivi

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza: una revisione critica della letteratura

Research paper thumbnail of La teoria cognitiva di Beck : caratteristiche distintive

Research paper thumbnail of The role of emotion beliefs on emotion regulation processes. A review of theories, researches and treatment

Research paper thumbnail of Goals and functions of rumination: A review

Research paper thumbnail of Schemi maladattivi precoci, sintomi depressivi ed eventi di vita avversi: uno studio correlazionale

Research paper thumbnail of Specific Beliefs about Emotions Are Associated with Different Emotion-Regulation Strategies

Psychology, 2016

Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) ... more Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) with psychopathology, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Coherently with cognitive models, this study tested the hypothesis that specific beliefs about emotions may be associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and the use of different ERS (reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, rumination, avoidant coping, experiential avoidance). Consistently with the role of avoidance in the cognitive model of worry, we sought testing a mediation pattern where negative beliefs about emotions were connected to maladaptive ERS through experiential avoidance. 309 participants filled out an online questionnaire that measured beliefs about emotions, difficulties in emotion-regulation, and the tendency to adopt different ERS. Results showed that negative beliefs and high fear of emotions were associated with the use of specific ERS and avoidance coping. Fear of depressed mood and anxiety was associated with rumination and emotional avoidance, whereas emotion suppression was mainly associated with fear of anger and positive affect. Also, we found that experiential avoidance mediated the association between beliefs about emotion, rumination and emotional avoidance. Results provided evidence about the specific associations between beliefs about emotions and emotion-regulation processes, suggesting that beliefs about emotions may play a role in orienting specific ER styles.

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing the Meta-Emotional Problem Decreases Physiological Fear Response during Exposure in Phobics

Frontiers in Psychology, 2016

Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in... more Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem or first-level emotion) but also by the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself for having those symptoms (secondary problem or negative meta-emotion). An exploratory study was conducted driven by the hypothesis that reducing the secondary or meta-emotional problem would also diminish the fear response to the phobic stimulus. Thirty-three phobic participants were exposed to the phobic target before and after undergoing a psychotherapeutic intervention addressed to reduce the meta-emotional problem or a control condition. The electrocardiogram was continuously recorded to derive heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and affect ratings were obtained. Addressing the meta-emotional problem had the effect of reducing the physiological but not the subjective symptoms of anxiety after phobic exposure. Preliminary findings support the role of the metaemotional problem in the maintenance of response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem).

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring and risky behaviours in adolescence: a literature review

Psicologia Clinica Dello Sviluppo, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Emotionally Relevant Stimuli Interact With Control Processes in Task-Switching

Research paper thumbnail of Executive Control and Expectancies in Endogenous Orienting of Attention

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Specific Dysphoric Symptoms Are Predicted by Early Maladaptive Schemas

Research paper thumbnail of Role of the Secondary Problem in Preventing Physiological Habituation to Phobic Stimuli

Research paper thumbnail of The role of personal goals in depressive reaction to adverse life events: a cross-sectional study

TheScientificWorldJournal, 2012

Consistent with cognitive views of depression, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of pers... more Consistent with cognitive views of depression, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of personal goals in the relationship between stressful events and distinct patterns of depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Participants identified a dysphoric episode that occurred in the previous year by reporting the severity of 12 depressive symptoms and their plausible cause. A goal taxonomy was used to determine how much the event interfered with the achievement of a series of personal goals. After controlling for age and current level of depression, the patterns of symptoms differed based on the triggering events. The relationship between sadness and affective losses was partially mediated by the personal goal of lovableness, and success was a partial mediator in the association between an event of failure and symptoms of worthlessness and anhedonia. Although the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for conclusions on the direction of effects, findings suggest the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Specific dysphoric symptoms are predicted by early maladaptive schemas.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns that result from unmet core emotional nee... more Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns that result from unmet core emotional needs in childhood that have been linked to the development of psychopathology. As depression is a multifaceted phenomenon, we hypothesized that speci c dysphoric symptoms would be predicted by di erent EMSs. Four hundred and y-six participants completed a measure of EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) and reported on the severity of the symptoms of criterion A for major depression in DSM-IV during the occurrence of a dysphoric episode in the previous months. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive power of the EMSs for the severity of each speci c depressive symptom. When controlling for gender and current levels of depression, speci c symptoms were predicted by di erent EMSs: sadness by Negativity/Pessimism; anhedonia by Failure; self-harm by Emotional Deprivation and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness; worthlessness by Failure and Negativity/Pessimism; psychomotor retardation/restlessness by Vulnerability to Harm or Illness and Entitlement/Grandiosity; and poor concentration by Insu cient Self-Control/Self-Discipline. e more physical symptoms of fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, and appetite loss/appetite gain were not predicted by any of the EMSs. Although the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for conclusions about the direction of e ects, results suggest that depression is not a unitary phenomenon and provide a possible explanation for previous inconsistent ndings.

Research paper thumbnail of La relazione tra processi emotivi e processi di controllo cognitivo: i meccanismi di conflitto e interazione

RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, Jan 1, 2012

Nell'ultimo decennio si è sviluppato notevolmente lo studio della relazione tra processi emotivi ... more Nell'ultimo decennio si è sviluppato notevolmente lo studio della relazione tra processi emotivi e processi di controllo cognitivo e, attualmente, è stata sottolineata la similarità tra questi due processi. Pensiamo, per esempio, allo sviluppo dei modelli del doppio processo nell'ambito di studio delle emozioni (Barrett et al., 2007), secondo cui i processi emotivi comprendono forme di elaborazione automatica e controllata così come i processi cognitivi. In accordo con questa prospettiva, risulta necessario chiarire alcune questioni fondamentali sulla similarità tra emozioni e processi cognitivi e sui loro meccanismi di interazione. Le ricerche sull'argomento si sono interessate a due aspetti, uno riguarda il ruolo dei processi di controllo cognitivo nella regolazione emotiva, l'altro si focalizza sull'influenza delle emozioni sui processi di controllo del pensiero e del comportamento. L'obiettivo di questa rassegna critica della letteratura è di approfondire quest'ultimo filone di ricerca considerando, in particolare, la prospettiva secondo cui gli stati emotivi sarebbero attivati automaticamente e, conseguentemente, interferirebbero sull'esecuzione di compiti che richiedono controllo esecutivo (Gray, 2004; Zelazo, 2006). A tal fine, verrà delineata una prospettiva teorico/metodologica che integra i principali modelli teorici e le ricerche appartenenti a questo ambito di studi delle scienze cognitive. Parole chiave: emozione; controllo cognitivo; conflitto e interazione; interazione emozione/cognizione. 243 R. Trincas, M. Meleddu / Ricerche di Psicologia 2 (2011) 243-280

Research paper thumbnail of Parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza: una revisione critica della letteratura

Psicologia clinica dello sviluppo, Jan 1, 2008

In generale, con il termine parental monitoring ci si riferisce ad un insieme di comportamenti me... more In generale, con il termine parental monitoring ci si riferisce ad un insieme di comportamenti messi in atto dai genitori e tesi a controllare e conoscere le attività dei propri figli. Questi comportamenti caratterizzano e influenzano soprattutto la relazione con i figli adolescenti, la cui autonomia aumenta progressivamente. Il presente lavoro di rassegna della letteratura, oltre a dare il quadro attuale della ricerca in questo ambito, prende in considerazione gli studi che evidenziano una stretta relazione tra parental monitoring e comportamenti a rischio in adolescenza. I lavori considerati riguardano principalmente l'abuso di alcol e di droghe, l'iniziazione al fumo, il gioco d'azzardo, i disturbi alimentari e i comportamenti sessuali a rischio.