Clement Mboto | University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. (original) (raw)

Papers by Clement Mboto

UTI is a common bacterial infection that affects components of the urinary system. This infection... more UTI is a common bacterial infection that affects components of the urinary system. This infection affects all ages and both sexes. Despite these, women are usually more susceptible to this infection and has a higher prevalence compared to the men. Some of the risk factors responsible for this high prevalence is due to menopause, poor personal hygiene, pregnancy and the close anatomical relationship of the female urethra and the anus. Among the uropathogens involved in this infection, entrobacteriaceae especially the E.coli is usually the most prevalent and accounts for 80-85% of the total isolate. Most often this infection is usually neglected but it is capable of claiming life under severe circumstances. This article therefore reviews the prevalence and predisposing factors responsible for urinary tract infection in adults. UTI being a major problem faced by the populace and the cause of most health care expenditure, it is therefore important to know the predisposing factors responsible for this infection as this will serve as a guide to individuals, care givers and health planners to guide and managed the expected interventions as the management involves drug therapy and patients education.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2007

Três óleos essenciais extraídos das folhas, frutos e raízes de Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae)... more Três óleos essenciais extraídos das folhas, frutos e raízes de Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae), espécie comum da floresta Atlântica brasileira, e conhecida popularmente por "anestésia", foram analisados por CG-EM e submetidos a um ensaio antibacteriano bioautográfico frente a Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aerogenes (ATCC 27853) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Setenta e sete compostos foram identificados e submetidos a uma análise comparativa, a qual revelou uma variabilidade no teor dos componentes majoritários desses óleos (espatulenol, óxido de cariofileno, (E)-nerolidol, viridiflorol, β-cariofileno, δ cadineno e aloaromadendreno). A presença de zonas de inibição de crescimento bacteriano nos bioautogramas analisados (Rfs 0,29 e 0,34) revelou o potencial antibacteriano dos óleos analisados frente às bactérias Gram-positivas testadas e permitiu identificar alguns dos componentes bioativos. Three essential oils extracted from leaves, fruits and roots of Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae), common species in Brazilian Rain Forest, known as "anestésia", were analyzed by GC-MS and tested in an antibacterial assay against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aerogenes (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Seventy-seven compounds were identified and submitted to a comparative analysis, which revealed variability on the amount of principal components of these oils (spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, (E)-nerolidol, viridiflorol, β-caryophyllene, δ cadinene and alloaromadendrene). Inhibition zones of bacterial growth in the bioautograms (Rfs 0.29 and 0.34) showed antimicrobial activity of essential oils against tested Gram-positive bacteria and permitted to identify some bioactive components.

African Health Sciences

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health chall... more Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge globally, with higher disease burden in developing countries. HBV genotypes are associated with different geographical regions and clinical outcomes. Limited information exists on epidemiology of HBV in the Niger-Delta region (South-South) of Nigeria. Consequently, this study was designed to characterise hepatitis B virus infection among outpatients in selected tertiary hospitals in the region. Methodology: Between June and August 2017, consenting nine hundred asymptomatic out-patients were enrolled and initially screened for HBV infection using one step Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) strip and subsequently re-tested using HBsAg and Hepatitis B core total antibody (anti-HBc) specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood serum with detectable HBsAg were subsequently subjected to DNA extraction, S-gene amplification using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proto...

Phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of combined effect of extracts of the leave... more Phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of combined effect of extracts of the leaves of Garcinia kola, Vernonia amygdalina and honey on some medically important microorganisms

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 2017

Ten samples of fresh meat were randomly collected from Anantigha and Ikot Eneobong abattoirs in C... more Ten samples of fresh meat were randomly collected from Anantigha and Ikot Eneobong abattoirs in Calabar. Samples were collected and subjected to microbial analysis using standard microbiological techniques. The results showed that the bacteria population in meat from Anantigha abattoir was significantly (p 0.05) between the two abattoirs. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in meat should receive particular attention, because their presence indicates public health hazard and give warning signal for the possible occurrence of food borne intoxication. Key words: Raw Meat, Bacteriological, Abattoir, Public health

Bacteriological qualities of three different brands of chloroquine syrup (EZR, DMR and MBR) commo... more Bacteriological qualities of three different brands of chloroquine syrup (EZR, DMR and MBR) commonly sold in Calabar municipality, Nigeria were evaluated using standard microbiological techniques. Each brand was evaluated in duplicates and examined visually for possible abnormalities such as colour, turbidity and un-usual odour. This was followed by determination of viable cell count and identification of bacterial isolates. Chloroquine syrups sample EZR and MBR had mean bacterial count of 1.0x103cfu/ml respectively and DMR had 3.0x103cfu/ml. The isolates were staphylococcus aureus (47%), Escherichia coli (38%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). All strain of S. aureus was sensitive to gentamycin (CN), ciprofloxacin (CPX), septin (SXT), Erythromycin (E) and resistance to Taravid (OFX), Amoxacillin (AM) and Ampicillin (AP). Escherichia coli strains isolated showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (CPX), Taravid (OFX) and septin (SXT) and was resistance to gentamycin (CN), Amoxacillin (AM)...

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the plasmid profile and curing of environ... more Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the plasmid profile and curing of environmental isolates from General and Infectious Disease hospitals showing multi-drug resistance. Methods: Isolates were obtained from air and surfaces of two hospitals using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates were then subjected to sensitivity using ofloxacin, reflacine, ciprofloxacin, augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, ceporex, nalidixic acid, septrin, amplicin, norfloxacin, amoxyl, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampiclox, levofloxacin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin and ceftazidime. Multi-drug resistant isolates were then selected for plasmid DNA analysis, quantification, electrophoresis and curing. Results: The isolates that showed resistance to more than two antibiotics were S. aureus, Original Research Article Mbim et al.; AJMAH, 1(1): 1-11, 2016; Article no.AJMAH.28587 2 E. aerogenes, C. freundii, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella species, S. marcescens, Proteus species, S. marcescens, E. coli, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The extracted plasmid DNA ranged from 1.2 80.5 ng/μl in quantity and showed the presence of SHV, CTX-M and MecA genes in the isolates with sizes of 154, 300 and 600-1000 bp, respectively. All isolates had SHV while a few had CTX-M genes except S. aureus and coagulase-negative S. aureus which had mecA gene in addition. Chi-square and Fisher exact test for SHV gene was significant while CTX-M was not. Treatment with ethidium bromide showed that at a concentration of 0-20 μl, all isolates exhibited very heavy growth (+++), at 50-100 μl, only P. aeruginosa showed very heavy growth (+++) while other organisms showed heavy to moderate growth. However, at 400 to 1,000 μl, no growth was observed. Conclusion: The presence of plasmid-borne multiple resistant genes is of great public health concern and this highlights the need for antibiogram and molecular typing in the control of nosocomial infections.

Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2008

Information on the potency of many African medical plants against microorganisms is scanty, and i... more Information on the potency of many African medical plants against microorganisms is scanty, and in the current wave of antimicrobial resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs, there is need to search for plants that could be resistance-free and affordable. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the extracts of Lasianthera africana (E1) and Heinsia crinata (E2) in combination with chloramphenicol, on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphlococcus aureus and Candida albicans. For this purpose, the dilution sensitivity and disc diffusion techniques were respectively applied in determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts, and the sensitivities of the organisms to the plant extracts and their combinations with chloramphenicol. L. africana and H. crinata showed very high antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. In combination, the effect of E1 on E. coli and S. typhi was completely antagonized by that of E2, whereas additive effect on S. aureus and C. albicans was observed, indicating that the combination of E1 and E2 might be effective against gram positive pathogenic organisms. The combination of either plant extract with chloramphenicol produced synergistic effect on only C. albicans. The smaller MIC of E2 indicated greater effectivity than E1. It is concluded that the additive effect produced by the combination of the two plant extracts, and the synergic effect from the combination of any of the extracts with chloramphenicol, offer alternative therapy to gram positive bacterial infections and candidiasis respectively.

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

British Microbiology Research Journal, 2016

Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem globally and are on the increase despite ... more Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem globally and are on the increase despite efforts in hospital infection control measures and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Naturally, any microorganism has the potential to cause infection in hospitalized patients however, only a few including Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococci, fungi and to a lesser extent, viruses and parasites are responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections. In sub-Saharan Africa, data available show that the incidence of nosocomial infections ranges from 2-49% with patients in intensive care units having the highest rate ranging from 21.2-35.6%. The prevalence of nosocomial infections have been reported to vary between 1.6%-28.7% in Burkina Faso, United Republic of Tanzania, Ghana, Mali, Cameroon, Gabon, Uganda, Burundi, Democratic republic of Congo and Senegal. In Nigeria and Ethiopia, the total accruing occurrence in surgical wards has been reported to vary from 5.7%-45.8% with the later having an incidence as high as 45.8% and an incidence density equal 26.7 infections per 1000 patient days in paediatric surgical patients. In addition, 3.4-10.9% of hospital-associated infections often result to mortality in most developed countries though these figures are suspected to be higher in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. However, simple and effective control programmes together with effective training of healthcare workers will go a long way in reducing the endemic nature of

Background and Aims: An error involving the reuse of the same ball of cotton wool in stopping blo... more Background and Aims: An error involving the reuse of the same ball of cotton wool in stopping blood flow after venous blood collection from five antenatal women prompted further investigation and follow-up studies to rule out nosocomially-acquired blood borne viruses. Methods: The five women were screened for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) /kits Murex HIV–1-,2,0 (Murex Biotech, UK); ORTHO HCV 3.0 ELISA Test kit (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, USA); and QUADRATECH CHECK 4-HBs one-step generation test kit (VEDALAB, France) respectively. The tests were repeated in 2005 on the five women, their husbands and twenty children, aged nine months to seven years borne by all the women within the period. Anti-HCV was detected in one out of the five women at the initial stage of the error (1997). No anti-HIV or HBsAg was found in any of the women. A repeat screenin...

Hepatitis C is strictly a human infectious disease of the liver that is often asymptomatic (1). O... more Hepatitis C is strictly a human infectious disease of the liver that is often asymptomatic (1). Once established, chronic infection proceeds and can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis after a period of many years of apparency. Globally it is estimated that 200 million people are infected with the virus with a larger percentage in Sub-Saharan Africa (1). Unlike the developed countries where hepatitis C virus has mainly been spread by blood-to-blood contact through transfusion of unscreened blood or blood products (before the emergence of HCVspecific diagnostic tests), and now predominantly via injected-drug use or sexual exposure (2); the primary sources of HCV infection in developing countries are unsterilized injection equipment and the infusion of inadequately screened blood and blood products (1). Some studies have shown that people can be exposed to HCV via inadequately or improperly sterilized medical or dental equipment through accidental exposure to blood by means of accident...

Science domain International , 2019

The history of nosocomial infections can be traced to the origin of hospitals themselves and have... more The history of nosocomial infections can be traced to the origin of hospitals themselves and have been defined by the WHO as infections that develop in a patient during his/her stay in a hospital or other types of clinical facilities which were not present at the time of admission. Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem globally and are on the increase despite efforts in hospital infection control measures and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Naturally, any microorganism has the potential to cause infection in hospitalized patients however, only a few including Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococci, fungi and to a lesser extent, viruses and parasites are responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections. In sub-Saharan Africa, data available show that the incidence of nosocomial infections ranges from 2-49% with patients in intensive care units having the highest rate ranging from 21.2-35.6%. The prevalence of nosocomial infections have been reported to vary between 1.6%-28.7% in Burkina Faso, United Republic of Tanzania, Ghana, Mali, Cameroon, Gabon, Uganda, Burundi, Democratic republic of Congo and Senegal. In Nigeria and Ethiopia, the total accruing occurrence in surgical wards has been reported to vary from 5.7%-45.8% with the later having an incidence as high as 45.8% and an incidence density equal 26.7 infections per 1000 patient days in paediatric surgical patients. In addition, 3.4-10.9% of hospital-associated infections often result to mortality in most developed countries though these figures are suspected to be higher in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. However, simple and effective control programmes together with effective training of healthcare workers will go a long way in reducing the endemic nature of nosocomial infections in sub Saharan Africa. This paper highlights the natural history, distribution, risk factors of nosocomial infections especially in sub Saharan Africa as well as its contributory factors. Nosocomial infections are endemic in sub Saharan Africa and are further enhanced by emerging and re-emerging resistant agents. Simple and effective control programme together with computer-based epidemiological surveillance carried out as a global project with considerable inputs from developing countries for monitoring will enable the development of nosocomial infections to be halted if not eliminated. In addition, it is necessary to review the current infection control practices in all hospitals particularly in developing countries including Nigeria so as to incorporate molecular techniques which have been proven to be effective in keeping the spread of nosocomial infections under check. The training and retraining of health care givers on principles of infection control is strongly recommended. Also, the principles of infection control should be incorporated into student nurses, medical students, and other paramedical curriculum as well as employment of adequately competent health workers to avoid over labour which sometimes cause workers to be inefficient resulting in disease outbreaks. Finally, hand washing and other standard infection control practices should be adhered to so that nosocomial infections can be controlled effectively.

International Journal of …, 2011

... AA and Adebayo-tayo, BC (2009) Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effects of Corchor... more ... AA and Adebayo-tayo, BC (2009) Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effects of Corchorus olitorius Leaf Extracts on Four Bacterial Isolates. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(3) pp. 155-159 Adegoke, Anthony Ayodeji and Komolafe, Amos Omoniyi (2008 ...