Ernesto Madariaga | Universidad de Cantabria (original) (raw)
Papers by Ernesto Madariaga
Journal of maritime research, 2015
The Schools of Maritime Engineering & Business of the Spanish Universities forms the future profe... more The Schools of Maritime Engineering & Business of the Spanish Universities forms the future professionals of the Spanish Merchant Marine who will sail the seven seas transporting goods in all its various forms. This remains a very important profession however, the importance of these activities it is not usually well known by the rest of the society not directly involved with the maritime world. The professions have been evolving, and the maritime job is not an exception. The marine professionals had opened new gates to develop new activities in other different positions which traditionally were busy by others carriers, for example, shipping companies. However, training in this sense is lacking, nautical students in most of the cases are not trained and specialized in this regard. The idea of this research paper is to quantify and identify the needs for the training and propose a training plan according to current needs in this area. The methodology of this work, has consisted of co...
Journal of maritime research, 2014
In 1977, when the American historian David McCullough wrote a book called: “The Path Between the ... more In 1977, when the American historian David McCullough wrote a book called: “The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914”, about the social and geographical environment during the Panama Canal construction, he described the transisthmic railway as a complement of the engineering department that French’s company did not know how to take advantage of, because with the Californian gold fever decadence and with the Canal works it would not have had any commercial purpose other than the ridiculous price of passenger tickets. He never imagined that 100 years later this complement will be a key fact in the supply chain of the Latin-American and worldwide trade. In this paper, we will focus in the logistical map of America, where Panama is the centre. Being the way to connect Asia and America, also both coasts of the American Continent, and the begin/end place of four of the five Feeders highways of Latin America, it turns in the link with the others and with the r...
Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de S... more Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de Septiembre de 2018 y organizada por la Universidad de Extremadura.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo integrar el estudio de la dinámica estructural y las técnicas de control en el ámbito de la ingeniería, mediante el diseño y aplicación de un mesa vibratoria teleoperada para experimentación on-line. Para ello, se han propuesto una serie de experiencias docentes con la mesa, que han sido valoradas positivamente por los estudiantes.The present work aims to integrate the study of structural dynamics and control techniques in the field of engineering, through the design and application of a teleoperated vibrating table for on-line experimentation. To this end, a series of teaching experiences with the table have been proposed, which have been positively evaluated by the students.MINECO y Universidad de Cantabria en una convocatoria de proyectos de innovación docente.peerReviewe
Proceedings of the 25th Pan-American Conference of Naval Engineering—COPINAVAL, 2018
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the sea traffic of ... more According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the sea traffic of steel products in 2016 was just behind the transport of grain for human consumption. According to the World Steel Association, for that year, 473 million tons of steel products were exported, 404 million of them by sea. Of this quantity, steel sections, angles, and shapes represent 25 million tons. We bring up here the solution for a real problem faced by an international steel products company with great importance in the worldwide steel market. Our experience shows us that the steel section transport, usually done by general cargo vessels, implies the charter of oversized vessels. Our solution is to minimize the cargo units’ total volume, in order to select the most suitable ship considering volume and cargo hold dimensions, in addition to her deadweight. In this way, we try to reduce the size of the chartered vessels noticeably. Therefore, we have developed an optimization software, d...
Journal of maritime research, 2013
Humanity system of life is highly supported by maritime transport when circa 8 thousand million p... more Humanity system of life is highly supported by maritime transport when circa 8 thousand million people require about 8.800 million tons of merchandises by sea, going in some 105.000 merchant ships of over 100 GT. Those vessels sail every thinkable dangerous waters 365 days year 24 hours day. All that Enormous activity plus others different factors produce accidents, as is shown in an ascendant 1.7 rate related to ships lost with big number in life and cargoes losses, and pollution. That is why this study pretend to detect causes factors of maritime accidents, to try to reduce them, and with that target in mind it was tested the new theory of Induced Maritime Accidents, crossing its proposals with relevant sinisters of different times and circumstances, as Andrea Doria, Torrey Canyon, Costa Concordia, among others. Those cases were re evaluated to establish the key points of such theory, as they are the Production Pressure, the Risk Homeostasis, technological advances and the rupture...
Biofouling, Nov 1, 2016
The present study evaluated biofilm growth in AISI 316L stainless steel tubes for seawater-cooled... more The present study evaluated biofilm growth in AISI 316L stainless steel tubes for seawater-cooled exchanger-condensers that had four different arithmetic mean surface roughness values ranging from 0.14 μm to 1.2 μm. The results of fluid frictional resistance and heat transfer resistance regarding biofilm formation in the roughest surface showed increases of 28.2% and 19.1% respectively, compared with the smoothest surface. The biofilm thickness taken at the end of the experiment showed variations of up to 74% between the smoothest and roughest surfaces. The thermal efficiency of the heat transfer process in the tube with the roughest surface was 17.4% greater than that in the tube with the smoothest surface. The results suggest that the finish of the inner surfaces of the tubes in heat exchanger-condensers is critical for improving energy efficiency and avoiding biofilm adhesion. This may be utilised to reduce biofilm adhesion and growth in the design of heat exchanger-condensers.
Journal of Maritime Research, Nov 17, 2014
2015 57th International Symposium ELMAR (ELMAR), 2015
The objective of this paper is to define a methodology for waste management of nautical ports in ... more The objective of this paper is to define a methodology for waste management of nautical ports in Croatia according to “Nautical tourism development strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2009-2019”. This methodology is a tool to enhance the design of waste reception and to maintain high environmental quality and homogeneousness standards among all nautical ports. The correct management of the development of nautical tourism is the key factor of a sustainable development, which presumes the necessity of finding a compromise between the need for economic development and the need for preserving the environment and natural areas of Croatia.
Tras el acto terrorista contra las Torres Gemelas de New York, el 11 de septiembre de 2001, las c... more Tras el acto terrorista contra las Torres Gemelas de New York, el 11 de septiembre de 2001, las condiciones de seguridad del tráfico marítimo mundial han cambiado. El acuerdo diplomático firmado en Manila por todos los países que forman parte de la Organización Marítima Internacional (IMO) en junio de 2010 ha modificado el Código Internacional de Formación y Titulación de la Gente de Mar (STCW2010) potenciando la Seguridad Marítima, tanto la prevención como la protección marítima en la formación de la Gente de Mar, del marino mercante. La Armada Española, desde la Fuerza de Acción Marítima, ha desarrollado el portal Web ENCOMAR para fomentar el Sistema Naval de Cooperación al Tráfico Marítimo denominado NCAGS (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping). Su utilización mayoritaria en zonas marítimas de conflicto garantiza no tener interrupciones en el tráfico marítimo, como se ha comprobado en el Golfo de Adén y en la actualidad en Guinea.
The statistical information on the foreign trade of Spain comes from two sources: the Intrastat s... more The statistical information on the foreign trade of Spain comes from two sources: the Intrastat system which handles intra-Community trade and the Single Administrative Document (SAD) which deals with trade with non-Community countries. The data on containerisation exists only as part of the system of formal obligations of the signatories of transactions with third countries (DUA). The estimation of the potential containerisation depends on the nature of the countries that make up the areas analysed. In this sense, any commercial seaport will encounter three types of countries when it comes to estimating its containerised traffic. First, there are the countries that are outside the Community, and therefore, any trade with them is subject to the completion of the SAD, so that the data on whether or not the goods are containerised at the time of crossing the borders of the EEC is available. Then, there are those countries that joined the European Union for trade purposes on 1 May 2004...
In the nineties, a change in the Spanish Port Authorities Management model took place. Until then... more In the nineties, a change in the Spanish Port Authorities Management model took place. Until then, Port deficits were financed by the State. The new regulations imposed the self-financing, among other changes. As a result, Port Authorities were immersed in an extremely competitive environment where self-financing and financial sufficiency became the main objectives. Based on this situation, the aim of this study is to analyse whether, after 15 years of self-management, there exist significant differences among the three watersheds where the Spanish Port Authorities are located (Mediterranean, Atlantic and Cantabrian). So, we want to know whether decision taking decentralization has caused any imbalance among the different watersheds.
The protection of merchant ships against pirate attacks in the Arabian Sea, off coasts Somalia an... more The protection of merchant ships against pirate attacks in the Arabian Sea, off coasts Somalia and in the Indian Ocean in general, have prompted to several organizations related to maritime traffic and the authorities of the international naval forces that support and protect the latter, to the development of a guide to the "Best Management Practices" with which it is intended to assist ships transiting the area to prevent or, if possible, deter or delay the attack by armed pirates in the area known as High Risk Area (HRA). The BPM guide is published every year since 2008, publishing its third version in 2010 (BMP3), and the last one, which is the one currently in force, BMP4, in August 2011. The aim of the BMP4 is to provide the companies and masters of a tool to improve in implementing Ship Protection Measures to deter piracy. The main feature of this new publication is the modification of the content structure for a better and easier interpretation and use. The guidance...
Process management is a form of business management aimed at creating added value for the client ... more Process management is a form of business management aimed at creating added value for the client through the proper management of business processes. It attempts to reduce waste and to enhance quality and efficiency. In the academic world, there is a great deal of research designed to study this issue from multiple perspectives. However, a brief review of this research revealed several gaps and a niche was detected with regards to the implementation of process management in project management companies. These present a radically different scenario to that of continuous production companies. Therefore, the paper proposes a methodology for implementing process management in project management companies, highlighting the specific problems of these businesses and proposing the idea of modularity as a solution. The close contact of the authors with a shipyard made it clear that a deeper understanding of process management was a necessity for this type of companies Finally, the paper gath...
IMAM 2013, 2013
ABSTRACT NCAGS tool (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) is an excellent external suppor... more ABSTRACT NCAGS tool (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) is an excellent external support for the protection of the ship. NATO maintains uninterruptedly operating a headquarter called NATO Shipping Center, which is the sole permanent NCAGS NATO in peacetime. The center is responsible for liaison with the maritime community (owners, agencies and national authorities) to promote NCAGS system involvement in maritime traffic. NCAGS is also able to shipping on ongoing naval operations (Gulf of Guinea, Indian, Active Endeavour, Lebanon, Somalia) and advise on potential risks. NCAGS is a tool that enhances the security of the ship in hostile areas to shipping. In case maritime traffic security is required groups of naval escorts are provided. To participate in this system a simple form with “real time” information about planned ship movements must be submitted. The merchant community can see all kinds of news and alerts for safety on NCAGS Web pages. The work aims is to measure the effectiveness of the area NCAGS in Somalia in 2009-13. For this purpose, we construct a piracy rate to analyze the goodness of fit of the system to determine the evolution of the risk of being attacked by pirates in that area and period.
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology
After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001 the security situation in w... more After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001 the security situation in world seaborne trade have changed. It has created an international standard requiring shipping companies and vessels to have a safety plan. These security requirements imply that the Captains and Merchant Navy Officers must know all security protocols. When browsing hostile waters is a tool called NCAGS (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) that is essential for the protection of the ship. In this context, the Spanish Navy recently conducted, between 20 and 24 May, MARITIME SECURITY EXERCISE exercise (MARSEC) 2013. This exercise is organized annually by the Maritime Action Force with the COVAM (Maritime Operation and Surveillance Centre) of the Spanish Navy to improve cooperation between all actors, both public and private with legitimate interests in maritime safety. In the field of the Cantabria University, the Spanish Navy created a scenario through its website in order to prac...
In recent years the Ro-Ro traffic has undergone major changes being the most significant the heav... more In recent years the Ro-Ro traffic has undergone major changes being the most significant the heavy loads transport in break bulk or static cargo, in other words, that the transport of bulky and heavy loads in conventional general cargo ships has move to Ro-Ro vessels over rolling platforms. Nowadays due to the high cost and fragility of these goods is needed to be handled with the utmost care. In this article we describe the transformation suffered by this type of maritime traffic and the development in Ro-Ro vessels cargo equipment.
Journal of maritime research, 2015
The Schools of Maritime Engineering & Business of the Spanish Universities forms the future profe... more The Schools of Maritime Engineering & Business of the Spanish Universities forms the future professionals of the Spanish Merchant Marine who will sail the seven seas transporting goods in all its various forms. This remains a very important profession however, the importance of these activities it is not usually well known by the rest of the society not directly involved with the maritime world. The professions have been evolving, and the maritime job is not an exception. The marine professionals had opened new gates to develop new activities in other different positions which traditionally were busy by others carriers, for example, shipping companies. However, training in this sense is lacking, nautical students in most of the cases are not trained and specialized in this regard. The idea of this research paper is to quantify and identify the needs for the training and propose a training plan according to current needs in this area. The methodology of this work, has consisted of co...
Journal of maritime research, 2014
In 1977, when the American historian David McCullough wrote a book called: “The Path Between the ... more In 1977, when the American historian David McCullough wrote a book called: “The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914”, about the social and geographical environment during the Panama Canal construction, he described the transisthmic railway as a complement of the engineering department that French’s company did not know how to take advantage of, because with the Californian gold fever decadence and with the Canal works it would not have had any commercial purpose other than the ridiculous price of passenger tickets. He never imagined that 100 years later this complement will be a key fact in the supply chain of the Latin-American and worldwide trade. In this paper, we will focus in the logistical map of America, where Panama is the centre. Being the way to connect Asia and America, also both coasts of the American Continent, and the begin/end place of four of the five Feeders highways of Latin America, it turns in the link with the others and with the r...
Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de S... more Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de Septiembre de 2018 y organizada por la Universidad de Extremadura.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo integrar el estudio de la dinámica estructural y las técnicas de control en el ámbito de la ingeniería, mediante el diseño y aplicación de un mesa vibratoria teleoperada para experimentación on-line. Para ello, se han propuesto una serie de experiencias docentes con la mesa, que han sido valoradas positivamente por los estudiantes.The present work aims to integrate the study of structural dynamics and control techniques in the field of engineering, through the design and application of a teleoperated vibrating table for on-line experimentation. To this end, a series of teaching experiences with the table have been proposed, which have been positively evaluated by the students.MINECO y Universidad de Cantabria en una convocatoria de proyectos de innovación docente.peerReviewe
Proceedings of the 25th Pan-American Conference of Naval Engineering—COPINAVAL, 2018
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the sea traffic of ... more According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the sea traffic of steel products in 2016 was just behind the transport of grain for human consumption. According to the World Steel Association, for that year, 473 million tons of steel products were exported, 404 million of them by sea. Of this quantity, steel sections, angles, and shapes represent 25 million tons. We bring up here the solution for a real problem faced by an international steel products company with great importance in the worldwide steel market. Our experience shows us that the steel section transport, usually done by general cargo vessels, implies the charter of oversized vessels. Our solution is to minimize the cargo units’ total volume, in order to select the most suitable ship considering volume and cargo hold dimensions, in addition to her deadweight. In this way, we try to reduce the size of the chartered vessels noticeably. Therefore, we have developed an optimization software, d...
Journal of maritime research, 2013
Humanity system of life is highly supported by maritime transport when circa 8 thousand million p... more Humanity system of life is highly supported by maritime transport when circa 8 thousand million people require about 8.800 million tons of merchandises by sea, going in some 105.000 merchant ships of over 100 GT. Those vessels sail every thinkable dangerous waters 365 days year 24 hours day. All that Enormous activity plus others different factors produce accidents, as is shown in an ascendant 1.7 rate related to ships lost with big number in life and cargoes losses, and pollution. That is why this study pretend to detect causes factors of maritime accidents, to try to reduce them, and with that target in mind it was tested the new theory of Induced Maritime Accidents, crossing its proposals with relevant sinisters of different times and circumstances, as Andrea Doria, Torrey Canyon, Costa Concordia, among others. Those cases were re evaluated to establish the key points of such theory, as they are the Production Pressure, the Risk Homeostasis, technological advances and the rupture...
Biofouling, Nov 1, 2016
The present study evaluated biofilm growth in AISI 316L stainless steel tubes for seawater-cooled... more The present study evaluated biofilm growth in AISI 316L stainless steel tubes for seawater-cooled exchanger-condensers that had four different arithmetic mean surface roughness values ranging from 0.14 μm to 1.2 μm. The results of fluid frictional resistance and heat transfer resistance regarding biofilm formation in the roughest surface showed increases of 28.2% and 19.1% respectively, compared with the smoothest surface. The biofilm thickness taken at the end of the experiment showed variations of up to 74% between the smoothest and roughest surfaces. The thermal efficiency of the heat transfer process in the tube with the roughest surface was 17.4% greater than that in the tube with the smoothest surface. The results suggest that the finish of the inner surfaces of the tubes in heat exchanger-condensers is critical for improving energy efficiency and avoiding biofilm adhesion. This may be utilised to reduce biofilm adhesion and growth in the design of heat exchanger-condensers.
Journal of Maritime Research, Nov 17, 2014
2015 57th International Symposium ELMAR (ELMAR), 2015
The objective of this paper is to define a methodology for waste management of nautical ports in ... more The objective of this paper is to define a methodology for waste management of nautical ports in Croatia according to “Nautical tourism development strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2009-2019”. This methodology is a tool to enhance the design of waste reception and to maintain high environmental quality and homogeneousness standards among all nautical ports. The correct management of the development of nautical tourism is the key factor of a sustainable development, which presumes the necessity of finding a compromise between the need for economic development and the need for preserving the environment and natural areas of Croatia.
Tras el acto terrorista contra las Torres Gemelas de New York, el 11 de septiembre de 2001, las c... more Tras el acto terrorista contra las Torres Gemelas de New York, el 11 de septiembre de 2001, las condiciones de seguridad del tráfico marítimo mundial han cambiado. El acuerdo diplomático firmado en Manila por todos los países que forman parte de la Organización Marítima Internacional (IMO) en junio de 2010 ha modificado el Código Internacional de Formación y Titulación de la Gente de Mar (STCW2010) potenciando la Seguridad Marítima, tanto la prevención como la protección marítima en la formación de la Gente de Mar, del marino mercante. La Armada Española, desde la Fuerza de Acción Marítima, ha desarrollado el portal Web ENCOMAR para fomentar el Sistema Naval de Cooperación al Tráfico Marítimo denominado NCAGS (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping). Su utilización mayoritaria en zonas marítimas de conflicto garantiza no tener interrupciones en el tráfico marítimo, como se ha comprobado en el Golfo de Adén y en la actualidad en Guinea.
The statistical information on the foreign trade of Spain comes from two sources: the Intrastat s... more The statistical information on the foreign trade of Spain comes from two sources: the Intrastat system which handles intra-Community trade and the Single Administrative Document (SAD) which deals with trade with non-Community countries. The data on containerisation exists only as part of the system of formal obligations of the signatories of transactions with third countries (DUA). The estimation of the potential containerisation depends on the nature of the countries that make up the areas analysed. In this sense, any commercial seaport will encounter three types of countries when it comes to estimating its containerised traffic. First, there are the countries that are outside the Community, and therefore, any trade with them is subject to the completion of the SAD, so that the data on whether or not the goods are containerised at the time of crossing the borders of the EEC is available. Then, there are those countries that joined the European Union for trade purposes on 1 May 2004...
In the nineties, a change in the Spanish Port Authorities Management model took place. Until then... more In the nineties, a change in the Spanish Port Authorities Management model took place. Until then, Port deficits were financed by the State. The new regulations imposed the self-financing, among other changes. As a result, Port Authorities were immersed in an extremely competitive environment where self-financing and financial sufficiency became the main objectives. Based on this situation, the aim of this study is to analyse whether, after 15 years of self-management, there exist significant differences among the three watersheds where the Spanish Port Authorities are located (Mediterranean, Atlantic and Cantabrian). So, we want to know whether decision taking decentralization has caused any imbalance among the different watersheds.
The protection of merchant ships against pirate attacks in the Arabian Sea, off coasts Somalia an... more The protection of merchant ships against pirate attacks in the Arabian Sea, off coasts Somalia and in the Indian Ocean in general, have prompted to several organizations related to maritime traffic and the authorities of the international naval forces that support and protect the latter, to the development of a guide to the "Best Management Practices" with which it is intended to assist ships transiting the area to prevent or, if possible, deter or delay the attack by armed pirates in the area known as High Risk Area (HRA). The BPM guide is published every year since 2008, publishing its third version in 2010 (BMP3), and the last one, which is the one currently in force, BMP4, in August 2011. The aim of the BMP4 is to provide the companies and masters of a tool to improve in implementing Ship Protection Measures to deter piracy. The main feature of this new publication is the modification of the content structure for a better and easier interpretation and use. The guidance...
Process management is a form of business management aimed at creating added value for the client ... more Process management is a form of business management aimed at creating added value for the client through the proper management of business processes. It attempts to reduce waste and to enhance quality and efficiency. In the academic world, there is a great deal of research designed to study this issue from multiple perspectives. However, a brief review of this research revealed several gaps and a niche was detected with regards to the implementation of process management in project management companies. These present a radically different scenario to that of continuous production companies. Therefore, the paper proposes a methodology for implementing process management in project management companies, highlighting the specific problems of these businesses and proposing the idea of modularity as a solution. The close contact of the authors with a shipyard made it clear that a deeper understanding of process management was a necessity for this type of companies Finally, the paper gath...
IMAM 2013, 2013
ABSTRACT NCAGS tool (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) is an excellent external suppor... more ABSTRACT NCAGS tool (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) is an excellent external support for the protection of the ship. NATO maintains uninterruptedly operating a headquarter called NATO Shipping Center, which is the sole permanent NCAGS NATO in peacetime. The center is responsible for liaison with the maritime community (owners, agencies and national authorities) to promote NCAGS system involvement in maritime traffic. NCAGS is also able to shipping on ongoing naval operations (Gulf of Guinea, Indian, Active Endeavour, Lebanon, Somalia) and advise on potential risks. NCAGS is a tool that enhances the security of the ship in hostile areas to shipping. In case maritime traffic security is required groups of naval escorts are provided. To participate in this system a simple form with “real time” information about planned ship movements must be submitted. The merchant community can see all kinds of news and alerts for safety on NCAGS Web pages. The work aims is to measure the effectiveness of the area NCAGS in Somalia in 2009-13. For this purpose, we construct a piracy rate to analyze the goodness of fit of the system to determine the evolution of the risk of being attacked by pirates in that area and period.
DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology
After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001 the security situation in w... more After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001 the security situation in world seaborne trade have changed. It has created an international standard requiring shipping companies and vessels to have a safety plan. These security requirements imply that the Captains and Merchant Navy Officers must know all security protocols. When browsing hostile waters is a tool called NCAGS (Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping) that is essential for the protection of the ship. In this context, the Spanish Navy recently conducted, between 20 and 24 May, MARITIME SECURITY EXERCISE exercise (MARSEC) 2013. This exercise is organized annually by the Maritime Action Force with the COVAM (Maritime Operation and Surveillance Centre) of the Spanish Navy to improve cooperation between all actors, both public and private with legitimate interests in maritime safety. In the field of the Cantabria University, the Spanish Navy created a scenario through its website in order to prac...
In recent years the Ro-Ro traffic has undergone major changes being the most significant the heav... more In recent years the Ro-Ro traffic has undergone major changes being the most significant the heavy loads transport in break bulk or static cargo, in other words, that the transport of bulky and heavy loads in conventional general cargo ships has move to Ro-Ro vessels over rolling platforms. Nowadays due to the high cost and fragility of these goods is needed to be handled with the utmost care. In this article we describe the transformation suffered by this type of maritime traffic and the development in Ro-Ro vessels cargo equipment.