Pedro Cardoso-Leite | Université de Genève (original) (raw)

Papers by Pedro Cardoso-Leite

Research paper thumbnail of SUR LA RELATION PERCEPTION-ACTION: TEMPS DE REACTION ET JUGEMENT D’ORDRE TEMPOREL

ABSTRACT Une stimulation physique peut donner lieu à une expérience visuelle et/ou à une action m... more ABSTRACT Une stimulation physique peut donner lieu à une expérience visuelle et/ou à une action motrice. Cette relative indépendance sensorimotrice a donné lieu à l'hypothèse de deux sous-systèmes visuels distincts. La confrontation entre les jugements d'ordre temporel (JOT, tâche perceptive) et les temps de réaction simple (TR, tâche motrice) est une des nombreuses techniques utilisées dans ce contexte pour valider ou rejeter cette hypothèse. Après une brève revue de cette littérature et une taxonomie des modèles ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Time perception of near-threshold visual events

The literature suggests that processing of sensory events, perception of time and action are rela... more The literature suggests that processing of sensory events, perception of time and action are related to one another in a number of ways. Estimation of time is bounded by significant sensory (or cognitive) events, but the exact nature of these events remains unknown. Also, ...

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Research paper thumbnail of A negative test of the sensorimotor dissociation with saccades perturbed by close to threshold distractors

• The dissociation between mechanisms involved in visual perception and in visually triggered eye... more • The dissociation between mechanisms involved in visual perception and in visually triggered eye movements is still a matter of debate.• An eye movement directed to a target may be perturbed by a distractor presented nearby before saccade initiation (Walker et al., 1997).

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Research paper thumbnail of Comparaison des réponses perceptives et motrices dans les tâches psychophysiques élémentaires

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Research paper thumbnail of Methods to Test Visual Attention Online

Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2015

Online data collection methods have particular appeal to behavioral scientists because they offer... more Online data collection methods have particular appeal to behavioral scientists because they offer the promise of much larger and much more representative data samples than can typically be collected on college campuses. However, before such methods can be widely adopted, a number of technological challenges must be overcome - in particular in experiments where tight control over stimulus properties is necessary. Here we present methods for collecting performance data on two tests of visual attention. Both tests require control over the visual angle of the stimuli (which in turn requires knowledge of the viewing distance, monitor size, screen resolution, etc.) and the timing of the stimuli (as the tests involve either briefly flashed stimuli or stimuli that move at specific rates). Data collected on these tests from over 1,700 online participants were consistent with data collected in laboratory-based versions of the exact same tests. These results suggest that with proper care, timing/stimulus size dependent tasks can be deployed in web-based settings.

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Research paper thumbnail of Summation versus suppression in metacontrast masking: On the potential pitfalls of using metacontrast masking to assess perceptual–motor dissociation

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2014

A briefly flashed target stimulus can become "invisible&... more A briefly flashed target stimulus can become "invisible" when immediately followed by a mask-a phenomenon known as backward masking, which constitutes a major tool in the cognitive sciences. One form of backward masking is termed metacontrast masking. It is generally assumed that in metacontrast masking, the mask suppresses activity on which the conscious perception of the target relies. This assumption biases conclusions when masking is used as a tool-for example, to study the independence between perceptual detection and motor reaction. This is because other models can account for reduced perceptual performance without requiring suppression mechanisms. In this study, we used signal detection theory to test the suppression model against an alternative view of metacontrast masking, referred to as the summation model. This model claims that target- and mask-related activations fuse and that the difficulty in detecting the target results from the difficulty to discriminate this fused response from the response produced by the mask alone. Our data support this alternative view. This study is not a thorough investigation of metacontrast masking. Instead, we wanted to point out that when a different model is used to account for the reduced perceptual performance in metacontrast masking, there is no need to postulate a dissociation between perceptual and motor responses to account for the data. Metacontrast masking, as implemented in the Fehrer-Raab situation, therefore is not a valid method to assess perceptual-motor dissociations.

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Research paper thumbnail of On the impact of new technologies on multitasking

Developmental Review, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of A New Look at Sensory Attenuation: Action-Effect Anticipation Affects Sensitivity, Not Response Bias

Psychological Science, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Action effect anticipation: Neurophysiological basis and functional consequences

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Video game play, attention, and learning

Current Opinion in Neurology, 2014

The notion that play may facilitate learning has long been touted. Here, we review how video game... more The notion that play may facilitate learning has long been touted. Here, we review how video game play may be leveraged for enhancing attentional control, allowing greater cognitive flexibility and learning and in turn new routes to better address developmental disorders. Video games, initially developed for entertainment, appear to enhance the behavior in domains as varied as perception, attention, task switching, or mental rotation. This surprisingly wide transfer may be mediated by enhanced attentional control, allowing increased signal-to-noise ratio and thus more informed decisions. The possibility of enhancing attentional control through targeted interventions, be it computerized training or self-regulation techniques, is now well established. Embedding such training in video game play is appealing, given the astounding amount of time spent by children and adults worldwide with this media. It holds the promise of increasing compliance in patients and motivation in school children, and of enhancing the use of positive impact games. Yet for all the promises, existing research indicates that not all games are created equal: a better understanding of the game play elements that foster attention and learning as well as of the strategies developed by the players is needed. Computational models from machine learning or developmental robotics provide a rich theoretical framework to develop this work further and address its impact on developmental disorders.

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Research paper thumbnail of Brain Plasticity: Paradoxical Case of a Neurodegenerative Disease?

Current Biology, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Evidence against an active filling-in process through the blind spot

perceptionweb.com

Whether our lack of awareness of our blind spot (BS) is due to an active filling-in (AFI) process... more Whether our lack of awareness of our blind spot (BS) is due to an active filling-in (AFI) process or to the mere absence of its internal representation has been debated for decades. Here, we bring evidence in favour of the latter. Increasing a stimulus area proportionally increases its brightness and decreases the response time (RT) to the onset of this surface. If phenomenal completion of a surface through the BS is due to an AFI, then its brightness should increase and RT should decrease when the surface expansion occurs within the ...

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Research paper thumbnail of New evidence against a perceptual-motor dissociation

The perceptual-motor dissociation is re-examined with a 2AFC detection task combined with a speed... more The perceptual-motor dissociation is re-examined with a 2AFC detection task combined with a speeded simple and choice response-time (sRT and cRT) task. Two supraliminal annuli (S2) displayed±6 horizontally and±2 vertically from fixation were preceded (50 ms) by one liminal Gaussian blob (S1) displayed either within (masked condition, M) or±4 below/above one of the two S2-annuli (not-masked condition, nM). Observers first reacted to the S1+ S2 complex by pressing one (sRT), or one of two button (s) contingent on S1 location (cRT), ...

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of spatial distractors on visuomotor responses depends on their detection: evidence for no dissociation between perception and action

The dominant model of dissociation between perception and action has recently been challenged by ... more The dominant model of dissociation between perception and action has recently been challenged by studies assessing both perceptual and motor responses on each trial. In this context, the present study was designed to test whether the effect of spatial distractors on visuomotor responses depends on their detection. Eight participants performed a pointing task to a target presented at 10 distance and 45 eccentricity to the left or right of the fixation point. In 75% of the trials, a 10 ms near-threshold distractor appeared 80 ms before the ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Anticipatory vs. reactive response times: A new method to compare perceptual and motor latencies

Journal of Vision, Jun 30, 2007

One of the most frequent assessments of the relationship between perceptual and motor processing ... more One of the most frequent assessments of the relationship between perceptual and motor processing consists in comparing their latencies as derived from Temporal Order Judgments (TOJ) and simple Response Times (RT), respectively. Most of these studies have yielded significant differences between these latencies and concluded in favor of at least a partial perceptual-motor dissociation. The comparison of these latencies remains debatable as the two tasks make use of dual (TOJ) and single (RT) stimulations, possibly entailing ...

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Research paper thumbnail of The Perceptual-motor dissociation tested negatively with a standard 2AFC task

Journal of Vision, Jun 30, 2007

It has been repeatedly asserted that motor responses can be triggered without 'conscious&#x2... more It has been repeatedly asserted that motor responses can be triggered without 'conscious' perception. Scrutinizing such studies always reveals methodological and/or logical drawbacks. We re-examine the issue with a standard 2AFC detection task combined with a speeded simple or choice Response Time task (sRT & cRT). Observers were presented with two high contrast ('mask') annuli (S2) displayed at±6 and±2 along the horizontal and vertical meridians and with one Gaussian target blob (S1) set at its ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Human perceptual decision making: Disentangling task onset and stimulus onset

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Research paper thumbnail of Temporal order judgment and simple reaction times: Evidence for a common processing system

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Research paper thumbnail of On the Perceptual/Motor Dissociation: A Review of Concepts, Theory, Experimental Paradigms and Data Interpretations

Seeing and Perceiving, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of The influence of near threshold visual distractors on perceptual detection and reaching movements

Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of SUR LA RELATION PERCEPTION-ACTION: TEMPS DE REACTION ET JUGEMENT D’ORDRE TEMPOREL

ABSTRACT Une stimulation physique peut donner lieu à une expérience visuelle et/ou à une action m... more ABSTRACT Une stimulation physique peut donner lieu à une expérience visuelle et/ou à une action motrice. Cette relative indépendance sensorimotrice a donné lieu à l'hypothèse de deux sous-systèmes visuels distincts. La confrontation entre les jugements d'ordre temporel (JOT, tâche perceptive) et les temps de réaction simple (TR, tâche motrice) est une des nombreuses techniques utilisées dans ce contexte pour valider ou rejeter cette hypothèse. Après une brève revue de cette littérature et une taxonomie des modèles ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Time perception of near-threshold visual events

The literature suggests that processing of sensory events, perception of time and action are rela... more The literature suggests that processing of sensory events, perception of time and action are related to one another in a number of ways. Estimation of time is bounded by significant sensory (or cognitive) events, but the exact nature of these events remains unknown. Also, ...

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Research paper thumbnail of A negative test of the sensorimotor dissociation with saccades perturbed by close to threshold distractors

• The dissociation between mechanisms involved in visual perception and in visually triggered eye... more • The dissociation between mechanisms involved in visual perception and in visually triggered eye movements is still a matter of debate.• An eye movement directed to a target may be perturbed by a distractor presented nearby before saccade initiation (Walker et al., 1997).

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Research paper thumbnail of Comparaison des réponses perceptives et motrices dans les tâches psychophysiques élémentaires

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Methods to Test Visual Attention Online

Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2015

Online data collection methods have particular appeal to behavioral scientists because they offer... more Online data collection methods have particular appeal to behavioral scientists because they offer the promise of much larger and much more representative data samples than can typically be collected on college campuses. However, before such methods can be widely adopted, a number of technological challenges must be overcome - in particular in experiments where tight control over stimulus properties is necessary. Here we present methods for collecting performance data on two tests of visual attention. Both tests require control over the visual angle of the stimuli (which in turn requires knowledge of the viewing distance, monitor size, screen resolution, etc.) and the timing of the stimuli (as the tests involve either briefly flashed stimuli or stimuli that move at specific rates). Data collected on these tests from over 1,700 online participants were consistent with data collected in laboratory-based versions of the exact same tests. These results suggest that with proper care, timing/stimulus size dependent tasks can be deployed in web-based settings.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Summation versus suppression in metacontrast masking: On the potential pitfalls of using metacontrast masking to assess perceptual–motor dissociation

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2014

A briefly flashed target stimulus can become "invisible&... more A briefly flashed target stimulus can become "invisible" when immediately followed by a mask-a phenomenon known as backward masking, which constitutes a major tool in the cognitive sciences. One form of backward masking is termed metacontrast masking. It is generally assumed that in metacontrast masking, the mask suppresses activity on which the conscious perception of the target relies. This assumption biases conclusions when masking is used as a tool-for example, to study the independence between perceptual detection and motor reaction. This is because other models can account for reduced perceptual performance without requiring suppression mechanisms. In this study, we used signal detection theory to test the suppression model against an alternative view of metacontrast masking, referred to as the summation model. This model claims that target- and mask-related activations fuse and that the difficulty in detecting the target results from the difficulty to discriminate this fused response from the response produced by the mask alone. Our data support this alternative view. This study is not a thorough investigation of metacontrast masking. Instead, we wanted to point out that when a different model is used to account for the reduced perceptual performance in metacontrast masking, there is no need to postulate a dissociation between perceptual and motor responses to account for the data. Metacontrast masking, as implemented in the Fehrer-Raab situation, therefore is not a valid method to assess perceptual-motor dissociations.

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Research paper thumbnail of On the impact of new technologies on multitasking

Developmental Review, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A New Look at Sensory Attenuation: Action-Effect Anticipation Affects Sensitivity, Not Response Bias

Psychological Science, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Action effect anticipation: Neurophysiological basis and functional consequences

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Video game play, attention, and learning

Current Opinion in Neurology, 2014

The notion that play may facilitate learning has long been touted. Here, we review how video game... more The notion that play may facilitate learning has long been touted. Here, we review how video game play may be leveraged for enhancing attentional control, allowing greater cognitive flexibility and learning and in turn new routes to better address developmental disorders. Video games, initially developed for entertainment, appear to enhance the behavior in domains as varied as perception, attention, task switching, or mental rotation. This surprisingly wide transfer may be mediated by enhanced attentional control, allowing increased signal-to-noise ratio and thus more informed decisions. The possibility of enhancing attentional control through targeted interventions, be it computerized training or self-regulation techniques, is now well established. Embedding such training in video game play is appealing, given the astounding amount of time spent by children and adults worldwide with this media. It holds the promise of increasing compliance in patients and motivation in school children, and of enhancing the use of positive impact games. Yet for all the promises, existing research indicates that not all games are created equal: a better understanding of the game play elements that foster attention and learning as well as of the strategies developed by the players is needed. Computational models from machine learning or developmental robotics provide a rich theoretical framework to develop this work further and address its impact on developmental disorders.

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Research paper thumbnail of Brain Plasticity: Paradoxical Case of a Neurodegenerative Disease?

Current Biology, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Evidence against an active filling-in process through the blind spot

perceptionweb.com

Whether our lack of awareness of our blind spot (BS) is due to an active filling-in (AFI) process... more Whether our lack of awareness of our blind spot (BS) is due to an active filling-in (AFI) process or to the mere absence of its internal representation has been debated for decades. Here, we bring evidence in favour of the latter. Increasing a stimulus area proportionally increases its brightness and decreases the response time (RT) to the onset of this surface. If phenomenal completion of a surface through the BS is due to an AFI, then its brightness should increase and RT should decrease when the surface expansion occurs within the ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of New evidence against a perceptual-motor dissociation

The perceptual-motor dissociation is re-examined with a 2AFC detection task combined with a speed... more The perceptual-motor dissociation is re-examined with a 2AFC detection task combined with a speeded simple and choice response-time (sRT and cRT) task. Two supraliminal annuli (S2) displayed±6 horizontally and±2 vertically from fixation were preceded (50 ms) by one liminal Gaussian blob (S1) displayed either within (masked condition, M) or±4 below/above one of the two S2-annuli (not-masked condition, nM). Observers first reacted to the S1+ S2 complex by pressing one (sRT), or one of two button (s) contingent on S1 location (cRT), ...

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of spatial distractors on visuomotor responses depends on their detection: evidence for no dissociation between perception and action

The dominant model of dissociation between perception and action has recently been challenged by ... more The dominant model of dissociation between perception and action has recently been challenged by studies assessing both perceptual and motor responses on each trial. In this context, the present study was designed to test whether the effect of spatial distractors on visuomotor responses depends on their detection. Eight participants performed a pointing task to a target presented at 10 distance and 45 eccentricity to the left or right of the fixation point. In 75% of the trials, a 10 ms near-threshold distractor appeared 80 ms before the ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Anticipatory vs. reactive response times: A new method to compare perceptual and motor latencies

Journal of Vision, Jun 30, 2007

One of the most frequent assessments of the relationship between perceptual and motor processing ... more One of the most frequent assessments of the relationship between perceptual and motor processing consists in comparing their latencies as derived from Temporal Order Judgments (TOJ) and simple Response Times (RT), respectively. Most of these studies have yielded significant differences between these latencies and concluded in favor of at least a partial perceptual-motor dissociation. The comparison of these latencies remains debatable as the two tasks make use of dual (TOJ) and single (RT) stimulations, possibly entailing ...

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Research paper thumbnail of The Perceptual-motor dissociation tested negatively with a standard 2AFC task

Journal of Vision, Jun 30, 2007

It has been repeatedly asserted that motor responses can be triggered without 'conscious&#x2... more It has been repeatedly asserted that motor responses can be triggered without 'conscious' perception. Scrutinizing such studies always reveals methodological and/or logical drawbacks. We re-examine the issue with a standard 2AFC detection task combined with a speeded simple or choice Response Time task (sRT & cRT). Observers were presented with two high contrast ('mask') annuli (S2) displayed at±6 and±2 along the horizontal and vertical meridians and with one Gaussian target blob (S1) set at its ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Human perceptual decision making: Disentangling task onset and stimulus onset

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal order judgment and simple reaction times: Evidence for a common processing system

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of On the Perceptual/Motor Dissociation: A Review of Concepts, Theory, Experimental Paradigms and Data Interpretations

Seeing and Perceiving, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of near threshold visual distractors on perceptual detection and reaching movements

Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact