Meike Wulf | Maastricht University (original) (raw)
Papers by Meike Wulf
Sistem komunikasi selular selain dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi suara juga untuk komunik... more Sistem komunikasi selular selain dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi suara juga untuk komunikasi data. Salah satu penerapan sistem komunikasi data tersebut adalah sistem CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) yang dibuat overlay pada sistem komunikasi selular analog, yaitu AMPS. Sistem tersebut menjadi fokus pada penelitian ini, yang melakukan simulasi secara teoritis mengenai kinerja sistem komunikasi data tersebut, yaitu meliputi pengaruh penerapan sistem ini terhadap pemakai komunikasi suara, throughput, delay rata-rata dan rugi-rugi trafik suara ternormalisasi terhadap rugi-rugi trafik tanpa penerapan CDPD. Ada 2 macam algoritma distribusi kanal yang diterapkan pada sistem CDPD ini, yaitu algoritma dedicated channel dan algoritma frequency hopping. Dari hasil simulasi terlihat bahwa penerapan sistem ini dengan algoritma dedicated channel akan mengurangi jumlah kanal yang melayani trafik suara, sehingga Pblock dari trafik suara akan naik. Penggunaan antena omnidirectional memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap kualitas trafik suara dari pada penggunaan antena sektor. Sedangkan dengan algoritma frequency hopping, terlihat bahwa karena sistem ini memanfaatkan kanal yang tidak digunakan oleh trafik suara, dan kanal yang digunakan oleh sistem ini dianggap kosong oleh trafik suara, maka penerapan sistem ini akan menaikkan penggunakan kanal sistem selular, sehingga menurunkan C/I. Penggunaan antena sektor akan menyebabkan kinerja sistem CDPD lebih baik dari pada penggunaan antena omnidirectional, tetapi akan menyebabkan rugi-rugi trafik suara ternormalisasi yang lebih buruk dari pada penggunaan antena sektor.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008
After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-... more After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two sides of the Iron Curtain equally maintaining to be the rightful bearer of a 'true' Estonianess. Based on a sample of life story interviews with 42 historians from Estonia, I identify narratives of (1) hope, betrayal and loss; (2) 'purity', 'pollution' and whitewashing; and (3) transgression and return, that at times conflict and at times converge. I argue that notions of 'authenticity' were at centre stage in these competing identity claims and that in the context of their mutual (mis-) perceptions, 'pollution' was primarily defined as 'moral degradation' and 'ideological contamination'. Overall these three sets of narratives relate closely to the process of identity re-configuration among Estonians after 1991.
Past in the Making: Recent History …, 2008
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Journal of Baltic Studies, 2010
Our interest lies in processes of official history-making in Estonia during the Soviet period and... more Our interest lies in processes of official history-making in Estonia during the Soviet period and after national independence was regained. Special attention is given to the historians themselves, their personal strategies and self-understanding of their role as codifiers and ...
This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, an... more This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, and uses life story interviews with members of the intellectual elite as the primary source. I view collective memory not as a monolithic homogenous unit, but as subdivided into various group memories that can be conflicting. The conflict line between 'Estonian victims' and 'Russian perpetrators' figures prominently in the historical culture of post-Soviet Estonia. However, by setting an ethnic Estonian memory against a 'Soviet Russian' memory, the official historical narrative fails to account for the complexity of the various counter-histories and newly emerging identities activated in times of socio-political 'transition'. Considering that any national history is above all the tale of the dominant group, a comparative analysis of the different group memories among those debating, teaching and writing Estonian history helps to discover which historical fac...
European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire, 2017
into what Isabella defined ‘Liberal international’, Mediterranean Diasporas could have acquired m... more into what Isabella defined ‘Liberal international’, Mediterranean Diasporas could have acquired more of the macro and global scope it rightly claims. In conclusion, I would like to point out the smooth narrative style and clarity of this volume, which makes it a very pleasant work to read not only for academic purposes. Overall, it successfully places the micro scale of biography and individual life in the macro scale of networks and historical context. This volume represents a good source of knowledge and inspiration for anyone interested in Mediterranean studies, intellectual history or history of nationalism in the long nineteenth century.
History of Communism in Europe, 2010
The main focus of this paper is on processes of official history making in post-Soviet Estonia. S... more The main focus of this paper is on processes of official history making in post-Soviet Estonia. Special attention is thus given to the historians, as memory agents, i.e. their self-understanding and their changing role as codifiers and mediators of social memories, and shapers of a post-Soviet Estonian identity. Overall many historians took on an active political role in the restoration of a sovereign Estonian state; the question though is: why and when did they assume a more active role in supporting the independence movement and subsequent nation building processes? Based on their post-1991 biographic accounts, various modes of talking about their past experiences, such as glorification, denial, self-justification, apologetics, distancing, resignation and destiny, are singled out, as these reveal strategies of coping with loss and of generating new meaning. The key analytical tool herein are generational group identities among post-Soviet Estonian historians, which by and large, this is the argument, inform their personal and professional outlook.
This paper presents an analytical approach to some of the changes which the times of occupation, ... more This paper presents an analytical approach to some of the changes which the times of
occupation, i.e. the ‘Years of Dependence’2 between 1939 - 91, brought upon
Estonian society and it examines the implication of long-term occupation on the (re)-
interpretation of inter-ethnic group relations and national identity in post-Soviet
Estonia.
European memory politics undeniably affects the prospects of a shared European identity. During t... more European memory politics undeniably affects the prospects of a shared European identity. During the political transition of 1989/91 East European societies needed to redefine their collective identities through reinterpreting their recent past. Consequently the historical interpretations grown out of the specific East European war experience, that is the double legacy of Nazism and Stalinist communism, began to increasingly challenge and clash with commonly held western interpretations after 1989. Pointing to the fault lines of these colliding political memories in the new Europe, this paper provides a contextual analysis of these interpretive differences. The regional focus of this paper is on the Baltic Three and Poland (with some references also to Ukraine), as these four new member states are at the forefront of a new commemorative politics in Europe. It is on the ‘level’ of political memory that memory regimes are formulated and political myth constructed, but this paper also tackles the ‘level’ of social memory and puts forward a generational explanation for the character of the new East European form of commemorative politics.
After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two s... more After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two sides of the Iron Curtain equally maintaining to be the rightful bearer of a 'true' Estonianess. Based on a sample of life story interviews with 42 historians from Estonia, I identify narratives of (1) hope, betrayal and loss; (2) 'purity', 'pollution' and whitewashing; and (3) transgression and return, that at times conflict and at times converge. I argue that notions of 'authenticity' were at centre stage in these competing identity claims and that in the context of their mutual (mis-) perceptions, 'pollution' was primarily defined as 'moral degradation' and 'ideological contamination'. Overall these three sets of narratives relate closely to the process of identity re-configuration among Estonians after 1991.
The main focus of this article is the codification of an official history in Estonia during the S... more The main focus of this article is the codification of an official history in Estonia during the Soviet period and after national independence was regained. Special attention is given to the historians themselves, i.e. their self-understanding and their changing role in creating collective identities by codifying and mediating social memory. First, the authors discuss the official functions of historical knowledge in Soviet Estonia thus laying down the conditions in which Estonian historians had to operate after 1945. Secondly, a typology of intellectual strategies frequently adopted by Soviet historians and the concomitant tools and tactics are outlined. Thirdly this is contrasted with the various ways in which Estonian historians talk about their work and life in hindsight. The key analytical tool of this article are generational group identities among historians in Estonia, which to a large extent, this is our argument, inform their personal and professional choices.
Sistem komunikasi selular selain dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi suara juga untuk komunik... more Sistem komunikasi selular selain dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi suara juga untuk komunikasi data. Salah satu penerapan sistem komunikasi data tersebut adalah sistem CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) yang dibuat overlay pada sistem komunikasi selular analog, yaitu AMPS. Sistem tersebut menjadi fokus pada penelitian ini, yang melakukan simulasi secara teoritis mengenai kinerja sistem komunikasi data tersebut, yaitu meliputi pengaruh penerapan sistem ini terhadap pemakai komunikasi suara, throughput, delay rata-rata dan rugi-rugi trafik suara ternormalisasi terhadap rugi-rugi trafik tanpa penerapan CDPD. Ada 2 macam algoritma distribusi kanal yang diterapkan pada sistem CDPD ini, yaitu algoritma dedicated channel dan algoritma frequency hopping. Dari hasil simulasi terlihat bahwa penerapan sistem ini dengan algoritma dedicated channel akan mengurangi jumlah kanal yang melayani trafik suara, sehingga Pblock dari trafik suara akan naik. Penggunaan antena omnidirectional memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap kualitas trafik suara dari pada penggunaan antena sektor. Sedangkan dengan algoritma frequency hopping, terlihat bahwa karena sistem ini memanfaatkan kanal yang tidak digunakan oleh trafik suara, dan kanal yang digunakan oleh sistem ini dianggap kosong oleh trafik suara, maka penerapan sistem ini akan menaikkan penggunakan kanal sistem selular, sehingga menurunkan C/I. Penggunaan antena sektor akan menyebabkan kinerja sistem CDPD lebih baik dari pada penggunaan antena omnidirectional, tetapi akan menyebabkan rugi-rugi trafik suara ternormalisasi yang lebih buruk dari pada penggunaan antena sektor.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008
After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-... more After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two sides of the Iron Curtain equally maintaining to be the rightful bearer of a 'true' Estonianess. Based on a sample of life story interviews with 42 historians from Estonia, I identify narratives of (1) hope, betrayal and loss; (2) 'purity', 'pollution' and whitewashing; and (3) transgression and return, that at times conflict and at times converge. I argue that notions of 'authenticity' were at centre stage in these competing identity claims and that in the context of their mutual (mis-) perceptions, 'pollution' was primarily defined as 'moral degradation' and 'ideological contamination'. Overall these three sets of narratives relate closely to the process of identity re-configuration among Estonians after 1991.
Past in the Making: Recent History …, 2008
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Journal of Baltic Studies, 2010
Our interest lies in processes of official history-making in Estonia during the Soviet period and... more Our interest lies in processes of official history-making in Estonia during the Soviet period and after national independence was regained. Special attention is given to the historians themselves, their personal strategies and self-understanding of their role as codifiers and ...
This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, an... more This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, and uses life story interviews with members of the intellectual elite as the primary source. I view collective memory not as a monolithic homogenous unit, but as subdivided into various group memories that can be conflicting. The conflict line between 'Estonian victims' and 'Russian perpetrators' figures prominently in the historical culture of post-Soviet Estonia. However, by setting an ethnic Estonian memory against a 'Soviet Russian' memory, the official historical narrative fails to account for the complexity of the various counter-histories and newly emerging identities activated in times of socio-political 'transition'. Considering that any national history is above all the tale of the dominant group, a comparative analysis of the different group memories among those debating, teaching and writing Estonian history helps to discover which historical fac...
European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire, 2017
into what Isabella defined ‘Liberal international’, Mediterranean Diasporas could have acquired m... more into what Isabella defined ‘Liberal international’, Mediterranean Diasporas could have acquired more of the macro and global scope it rightly claims. In conclusion, I would like to point out the smooth narrative style and clarity of this volume, which makes it a very pleasant work to read not only for academic purposes. Overall, it successfully places the micro scale of biography and individual life in the macro scale of networks and historical context. This volume represents a good source of knowledge and inspiration for anyone interested in Mediterranean studies, intellectual history or history of nationalism in the long nineteenth century.
History of Communism in Europe, 2010
The main focus of this paper is on processes of official history making in post-Soviet Estonia. S... more The main focus of this paper is on processes of official history making in post-Soviet Estonia. Special attention is thus given to the historians, as memory agents, i.e. their self-understanding and their changing role as codifiers and mediators of social memories, and shapers of a post-Soviet Estonian identity. Overall many historians took on an active political role in the restoration of a sovereign Estonian state; the question though is: why and when did they assume a more active role in supporting the independence movement and subsequent nation building processes? Based on their post-1991 biographic accounts, various modes of talking about their past experiences, such as glorification, denial, self-justification, apologetics, distancing, resignation and destiny, are singled out, as these reveal strategies of coping with loss and of generating new meaning. The key analytical tool herein are generational group identities among post-Soviet Estonian historians, which by and large, this is the argument, inform their personal and professional outlook.
This paper presents an analytical approach to some of the changes which the times of occupation, ... more This paper presents an analytical approach to some of the changes which the times of
occupation, i.e. the ‘Years of Dependence’2 between 1939 - 91, brought upon
Estonian society and it examines the implication of long-term occupation on the (re)-
interpretation of inter-ethnic group relations and national identity in post-Soviet
Estonia.
European memory politics undeniably affects the prospects of a shared European identity. During t... more European memory politics undeniably affects the prospects of a shared European identity. During the political transition of 1989/91 East European societies needed to redefine their collective identities through reinterpreting their recent past. Consequently the historical interpretations grown out of the specific East European war experience, that is the double legacy of Nazism and Stalinist communism, began to increasingly challenge and clash with commonly held western interpretations after 1989. Pointing to the fault lines of these colliding political memories in the new Europe, this paper provides a contextual analysis of these interpretive differences. The regional focus of this paper is on the Baltic Three and Poland (with some references also to Ukraine), as these four new member states are at the forefront of a new commemorative politics in Europe. It is on the ‘level’ of political memory that memory regimes are formulated and political myth constructed, but this paper also tackles the ‘level’ of social memory and puts forward a generational explanation for the character of the new East European form of commemorative politics.
After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two s... more After the Second World War 'homeland Estonians' and 'Estonians living abroad' co-existed on two sides of the Iron Curtain equally maintaining to be the rightful bearer of a 'true' Estonianess. Based on a sample of life story interviews with 42 historians from Estonia, I identify narratives of (1) hope, betrayal and loss; (2) 'purity', 'pollution' and whitewashing; and (3) transgression and return, that at times conflict and at times converge. I argue that notions of 'authenticity' were at centre stage in these competing identity claims and that in the context of their mutual (mis-) perceptions, 'pollution' was primarily defined as 'moral degradation' and 'ideological contamination'. Overall these three sets of narratives relate closely to the process of identity re-configuration among Estonians after 1991.
The main focus of this article is the codification of an official history in Estonia during the S... more The main focus of this article is the codification of an official history in Estonia during the Soviet period and after national independence was regained. Special attention is given to the historians themselves, i.e. their self-understanding and their changing role in creating collective identities by codifying and mediating social memory. First, the authors discuss the official functions of historical knowledge in Soviet Estonia thus laying down the conditions in which Estonian historians had to operate after 1945. Secondly, a typology of intellectual strategies frequently adopted by Soviet historians and the concomitant tools and tactics are outlined. Thirdly this is contrasted with the various ways in which Estonian historians talk about their work and life in hindsight. The key analytical tool of this article are generational group identities among historians in Estonia, which to a large extent, this is our argument, inform their personal and professional choices.