Andrea Cardoso | Universidad del Magdalena (original) (raw)
Papers by Andrea Cardoso
Ecological Economics, 2018
Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chai... more Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chain, producing environmental injustices where actors deployed values and representations of coal to either resist or legitimize its extraction and consumption. This paper analyzes those valuation languages along the coal chain and their relationships with the territory where coal is extracted and burned. The paper examines and compares the coal chains between Colombia-Netherlands and Colombia-Turkey, assessing the various dimensions of the ecological distribution conflicts. The coal chain is analyzed through different layers and scales. To identify the valuation languages along both coal chains, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis were conducted. Discourse analysis methodologies were used to determine the frequency and relevance of the valuation languages. Results show that multiple valuation languages appear, which are peculiar to each country and to the economic and political contexts in which the different stages of coal chain are embedded. Environmental justice actions taken along the coal chain with the focus on acknowledging these multiple valuation languages are also discussed. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that these actions depend on the willingness of social actors to give up or negotiate their valuation languages or on the power to impose them.
Applied Energy, 2018
• Energy injustices underlie the new geographies of coal in South-South axis. • Energyscapes prov... more • Energy injustices underlie the new geographies of coal in South-South axis. • Energyscapes provide a frame to explore connectivity in socio-political landscapes of coal. • We analyze multiscalar spatial, material and discursive sides of Colombia-Turkey coal chain. • Connected energyscapes opens possibilities for a shift towards transnational energy democracy. • In-depth studies on networked social movements could inform democratic energy decisions.
La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciend... more La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciendo a una expansión importante en el metabolismo social1 global generando transformaciones en los sistemas de extracción y suministro de recursos energéticos, así como el desarrollo de conflictos socioambientales en las fronteras de las commodities,2 es decir, la demanda acelerada de recursos primarios genera presión para explotar áreas que inicialmente estaban fuera del
Ecological Economics, 2017
A B S T R A C T Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the ... more A B S T R A C T Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chain, producing environmental injustices where actors deployed values and representations of coal to either resist or legitimize its extraction and consumption. This paper analyzes those valuation languages along the coal chain and their relationships with the territory where coal is extracted and burned. The paper examines and compares the coal chains between Colombia-Netherlands and Colombia-Turkey, assessing the various dimensions of the ecological distribution conflicts. The coal chain is analyzed through different layers and scales. To identify the valuation languages along both coal chains, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis were conducted. Discourse analysis methodologies were used to determine the frequency and relevance of the valuation languages. Results show that multiple valuation languages appear, which are peculiar to each country and to the economic and political contexts in which the different stages of coal chain are embedded. Environmental justice actions taken along the coal chain with the focus on acknowledging these multiple valuation languages are also discussed. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that these actions depend on the willingness of social actors to give up or negotiate their valuation languages or on the power to impose them.
Palabras clave: pasivos socioambientales, minería de carbón, conflictos ecológicos distributivos ... more Palabras clave: pasivos socioambientales, minería de carbón, conflictos ecológicos distributivos Introducción "¡Dejen los huesos de la madre Tierra en su lugar!" (Comunidades indígenas de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en el Caribe colombiano) La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciendo a una expansión importante en el metabolismo social 1 global generando transformaciones en los sistemas de extracción y suministro de recursos energéticos, así como el desarrollo de conflictos socioambientales en las fronteras de las commodities, 2 es decir, la demanda acelerada de recursos primarios genera presión para explotar áreas que inicialmente estaban fuera del 1. Se refiere al producto físico del sistema económico, en términos de energía y materiales asociados con las actividades económicas. Incluye tanto los inputs como los desechos directos e indirectos. Para ver la economía como un "flujo metabólico, se remonta al menos a . Véase, también, Fischer-Kowalski y Haberl, 2007. 2. El concepto de commodities hace referencia a las materias primas que han sufrido procesos de transformación muy pequeños o insignificantes, y son esenciales para la economía mundial. En los mercados financieros internacionales se clasifican en: metales, energía (petróleo, gas, carbón), alimentos, granos y ganado. alcance del mercado, como territorios indígenas y ecosistemas ambientalmente estratégicos y muy valiosos .
Open-pit coal mining in Cesar, Colombia increased by 74% between 2000 and 2012, generating enviro... more Open-pit coal mining in Cesar, Colombia increased by 74% between 2000 and 2012, generating environmental and social damages unacknowledged by companies and the state. This study aims to identify and value socio-environmental liabilities from coal mining at different stages of the coal life cycle. Environmental liabilities can be operationalized under three types of responsibilities: moral, legal, and economic. The identification of environmental liabilities allocates moral responsibility; the legal responsibility is needed for effective reparation; and the economic valuation provides arguments to claim compensation, seek remediation, and mitigation of damages. To identify socio-environmental liabilities, interviews were conducted and environmental mining conflicts were analyzed. To estimate monetary values, data were linked to existing literature on costs associated with damages. Results show that the economic values of socio-environmental liabilities per ton of extracted and exported coal are higher than the market price of coal. The main socio-environmental liabilities arise from pollution, local health deterioration, water table depletion, land and ecosystem services losses, damages from transportation and shipping, and coal reserve loss. A comparison with studies in China and the United States indicates that values increase when other health impacts and climate change on a global scale are included.
Given the mismatch between the meager financial benefits and the disproportionate liabilities tha... more Given the mismatch between the meager financial
benefits and the disproportionate liabilities that are
many times the magnitude of income, and which are
increasingly exacerbated as coal prices drop, raises
the question to both the Colombian government and
to the world, why not leave “the bones” in the hole?
The coastal areas of Colombia are highly susceptible to sea level rise (SLR) due to climate chang... more The coastal areas of Colombia are highly susceptible to sea level rise (SLR) due to climate
change. The degree of vulnerability has been determined and currently an adaptation plan is
being evaluated. This study applied a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) over a 100 years scenario to
assess the feasibility of the plan in the Colombian Caribbean Coast. A Contingent Valuation
Method was used to estimate the market and the non-market benefits, using a random sample
of 504 respondents in Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta. The estimated benefits
are weighted against the cost of the protection strategy as estimated by the Netherlands
Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme. The CBA results indicate that carrying out the
additional measures for protecting the Colombian Caribbean Coast from SLR is an economic
and ecological feasible venture even if predictions of SLR are uncertain.
Books by Andrea Cardoso
This study identifies and explores the new geography of coal in the emerging South-South relation... more This study identifies and explores the new geography of coal in the emerging South-South relationship, that of coal extracted in Colombia and coal consumed in coal-fired power plants in Turkey. Through the analysis of the coal chain between the two countries, it is evident how the exploitation and consumption of coal for the production of electric energy are deeply interconnected by interactions in different layers (commercial, physical and socio-environmental) and scales (local, national and global). The political ecology approach allows us to address trading conditions between the two countries, as well as the asymmetries and injustices in the distribution of the costs of pollution, access to natural resources, and sacrifices made in favour of the extraction and consumption of resources, as a result of the strongly pro-coal policies of Colombia and Turkey.
Las geografías globales de la energía están cambiando, sea por la política climática o por las fu... more Las geografías globales de la energía están cambiando, sea por la política climática o por las fuerzas del mercado. Gradualmente la producción y consumo del carbón está disminuyendo en el Norte Global, entonces el futuro del carbón probablemente se decidirá en el Sur Global. En este Libro, se explora las nuevas geografías del carbón, como sitios múltiples y anidados de conectividad, y su relación con la justicia energética, los conflictos ambientales y los movimientos sociales. La reproducción de múltiples niveles de injusticias socio-ambientales relacionadas con la extracción en Colombia y el consumo de carbón en Turquía, en estos países geográficamente distantes pero cada vez más conectados por interacciones y conflictos socio-ecológicos multiescalares. Se estudia la cadena de carbón que operan en diferentes capas (el mercado, los daños físicos y socio-ambientales) entre los dos países. El análisis revela que estas nuevas geografías están ancladas en injusticias ambientales transversales y déficits democráticos, solo sostenidas con medidas de arriba hacia abajo y dependencias bilaterales emergentes. Por lo tanto, el desafío para la justicia energética que se avecina es vincular las denuncias de las comunidades locales y la democratización de las formas de energía entre la oferta y la demanda.
Ecological Economics, 2018
Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chai... more Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chain, producing environmental injustices where actors deployed values and representations of coal to either resist or legitimize its extraction and consumption. This paper analyzes those valuation languages along the coal chain and their relationships with the territory where coal is extracted and burned. The paper examines and compares the coal chains between Colombia-Netherlands and Colombia-Turkey, assessing the various dimensions of the ecological distribution conflicts. The coal chain is analyzed through different layers and scales. To identify the valuation languages along both coal chains, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis were conducted. Discourse analysis methodologies were used to determine the frequency and relevance of the valuation languages. Results show that multiple valuation languages appear, which are peculiar to each country and to the economic and political contexts in which the different stages of coal chain are embedded. Environmental justice actions taken along the coal chain with the focus on acknowledging these multiple valuation languages are also discussed. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that these actions depend on the willingness of social actors to give up or negotiate their valuation languages or on the power to impose them.
Applied Energy, 2018
• Energy injustices underlie the new geographies of coal in South-South axis. • Energyscapes prov... more • Energy injustices underlie the new geographies of coal in South-South axis. • Energyscapes provide a frame to explore connectivity in socio-political landscapes of coal. • We analyze multiscalar spatial, material and discursive sides of Colombia-Turkey coal chain. • Connected energyscapes opens possibilities for a shift towards transnational energy democracy. • In-depth studies on networked social movements could inform democratic energy decisions.
La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciend... more La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciendo a una expansión importante en el metabolismo social1 global generando transformaciones en los sistemas de extracción y suministro de recursos energéticos, así como el desarrollo de conflictos socioambientales en las fronteras de las commodities,2 es decir, la demanda acelerada de recursos primarios genera presión para explotar áreas que inicialmente estaban fuera del
Ecological Economics, 2017
A B S T R A C T Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the ... more A B S T R A C T Environmental goods and bads are accumulated and unequally distributed along the coal supply chain, producing environmental injustices where actors deployed values and representations of coal to either resist or legitimize its extraction and consumption. This paper analyzes those valuation languages along the coal chain and their relationships with the territory where coal is extracted and burned. The paper examines and compares the coal chains between Colombia-Netherlands and Colombia-Turkey, assessing the various dimensions of the ecological distribution conflicts. The coal chain is analyzed through different layers and scales. To identify the valuation languages along both coal chains, semi-structured interviews and secondary data analysis were conducted. Discourse analysis methodologies were used to determine the frequency and relevance of the valuation languages. Results show that multiple valuation languages appear, which are peculiar to each country and to the economic and political contexts in which the different stages of coal chain are embedded. Environmental justice actions taken along the coal chain with the focus on acknowledging these multiple valuation languages are also discussed. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that these actions depend on the willingness of social actors to give up or negotiate their valuation languages or on the power to impose them.
Palabras clave: pasivos socioambientales, minería de carbón, conflictos ecológicos distributivos ... more Palabras clave: pasivos socioambientales, minería de carbón, conflictos ecológicos distributivos Introducción "¡Dejen los huesos de la madre Tierra en su lugar!" (Comunidades indígenas de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en el Caribe colombiano) La aparición de nuevas economías emergentes y el crecimiento de la economía global está induciendo a una expansión importante en el metabolismo social 1 global generando transformaciones en los sistemas de extracción y suministro de recursos energéticos, así como el desarrollo de conflictos socioambientales en las fronteras de las commodities, 2 es decir, la demanda acelerada de recursos primarios genera presión para explotar áreas que inicialmente estaban fuera del 1. Se refiere al producto físico del sistema económico, en términos de energía y materiales asociados con las actividades económicas. Incluye tanto los inputs como los desechos directos e indirectos. Para ver la economía como un "flujo metabólico, se remonta al menos a . Véase, también, Fischer-Kowalski y Haberl, 2007. 2. El concepto de commodities hace referencia a las materias primas que han sufrido procesos de transformación muy pequeños o insignificantes, y son esenciales para la economía mundial. En los mercados financieros internacionales se clasifican en: metales, energía (petróleo, gas, carbón), alimentos, granos y ganado. alcance del mercado, como territorios indígenas y ecosistemas ambientalmente estratégicos y muy valiosos .
Open-pit coal mining in Cesar, Colombia increased by 74% between 2000 and 2012, generating enviro... more Open-pit coal mining in Cesar, Colombia increased by 74% between 2000 and 2012, generating environmental and social damages unacknowledged by companies and the state. This study aims to identify and value socio-environmental liabilities from coal mining at different stages of the coal life cycle. Environmental liabilities can be operationalized under three types of responsibilities: moral, legal, and economic. The identification of environmental liabilities allocates moral responsibility; the legal responsibility is needed for effective reparation; and the economic valuation provides arguments to claim compensation, seek remediation, and mitigation of damages. To identify socio-environmental liabilities, interviews were conducted and environmental mining conflicts were analyzed. To estimate monetary values, data were linked to existing literature on costs associated with damages. Results show that the economic values of socio-environmental liabilities per ton of extracted and exported coal are higher than the market price of coal. The main socio-environmental liabilities arise from pollution, local health deterioration, water table depletion, land and ecosystem services losses, damages from transportation and shipping, and coal reserve loss. A comparison with studies in China and the United States indicates that values increase when other health impacts and climate change on a global scale are included.
Given the mismatch between the meager financial benefits and the disproportionate liabilities tha... more Given the mismatch between the meager financial
benefits and the disproportionate liabilities that are
many times the magnitude of income, and which are
increasingly exacerbated as coal prices drop, raises
the question to both the Colombian government and
to the world, why not leave “the bones” in the hole?
The coastal areas of Colombia are highly susceptible to sea level rise (SLR) due to climate chang... more The coastal areas of Colombia are highly susceptible to sea level rise (SLR) due to climate
change. The degree of vulnerability has been determined and currently an adaptation plan is
being evaluated. This study applied a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) over a 100 years scenario to
assess the feasibility of the plan in the Colombian Caribbean Coast. A Contingent Valuation
Method was used to estimate the market and the non-market benefits, using a random sample
of 504 respondents in Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta. The estimated benefits
are weighted against the cost of the protection strategy as estimated by the Netherlands
Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme. The CBA results indicate that carrying out the
additional measures for protecting the Colombian Caribbean Coast from SLR is an economic
and ecological feasible venture even if predictions of SLR are uncertain.
This study identifies and explores the new geography of coal in the emerging South-South relation... more This study identifies and explores the new geography of coal in the emerging South-South relationship, that of coal extracted in Colombia and coal consumed in coal-fired power plants in Turkey. Through the analysis of the coal chain between the two countries, it is evident how the exploitation and consumption of coal for the production of electric energy are deeply interconnected by interactions in different layers (commercial, physical and socio-environmental) and scales (local, national and global). The political ecology approach allows us to address trading conditions between the two countries, as well as the asymmetries and injustices in the distribution of the costs of pollution, access to natural resources, and sacrifices made in favour of the extraction and consumption of resources, as a result of the strongly pro-coal policies of Colombia and Turkey.
Las geografías globales de la energía están cambiando, sea por la política climática o por las fu... more Las geografías globales de la energía están cambiando, sea por la política climática o por las fuerzas del mercado. Gradualmente la producción y consumo del carbón está disminuyendo en el Norte Global, entonces el futuro del carbón probablemente se decidirá en el Sur Global. En este Libro, se explora las nuevas geografías del carbón, como sitios múltiples y anidados de conectividad, y su relación con la justicia energética, los conflictos ambientales y los movimientos sociales. La reproducción de múltiples niveles de injusticias socio-ambientales relacionadas con la extracción en Colombia y el consumo de carbón en Turquía, en estos países geográficamente distantes pero cada vez más conectados por interacciones y conflictos socio-ecológicos multiescalares. Se estudia la cadena de carbón que operan en diferentes capas (el mercado, los daños físicos y socio-ambientales) entre los dos países. El análisis revela que estas nuevas geografías están ancladas en injusticias ambientales transversales y déficits democráticos, solo sostenidas con medidas de arriba hacia abajo y dependencias bilaterales emergentes. Por lo tanto, el desafío para la justicia energética que se avecina es vincular las denuncias de las comunidades locales y la democratización de las formas de energía entre la oferta y la demanda.