Tasiu Mallam Hamisu | University of Maiduguri (original) (raw)

Papers by Tasiu Mallam Hamisu

Research paper thumbnail of Immunity Evaluation of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Inoculated at Different Doses in Day-old Specific-Pathogen-Free Chicks

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science

This research aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of different doses of HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 inactivat... more This research aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of different doses of HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine. Specific-pathogen-free day-old chicks were divided into 3 different groups, and each group was vaccinated subcutaneously with the vaccine dose of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 ml, respectively. Blood samples were collected to measure NDV-specific antibody titers using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HI result showed that birds vaccinated with 0.5 ml HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 vaccine showed an increased statistically significant antibody titer compared to the other doses. Similarly, the ELISA result corroborated the HI finding. No significant difference between the results was detected when the antibody titers were measured using two ELISA kits, Biocheck CK116, and CIVTEST® AVI NDV. The percentage antibody-positive test based on HI amongst the different days post-vaccination showed that all the birds wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative pathogenicity of Malaysian variant and very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses in chickens

Avian Pathology, 2022

ABSTRACT Variant infectious bursal disease virus (vaIBDV) has been identified in various countrie... more ABSTRACT Variant infectious bursal disease virus (vaIBDV) has been identified in various countries with significant economic losses. Recently, the first identification of a variant strain in Malaysia was reported. The pathogenicities of the Malaysian variant, UPM1432/2019, and very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV), UPM1056/2018 strains were comparatively evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens based on gross and histopathological examinations and viral load. Four-week-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into three groups; group 1 served as the control, while groups 2 and 3 birds were challenged with the vaIBDV and vvIBDV, respectively. Three birds from each group were weighed, euthanized and necropsied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 21 days post-challenge (dpc). Unlike UPM1056/2018 group, birds from UPM1432/2019 group did not show clinical signs or death. UPM1056/2018 strain caused 11% mortality rate in the infected chickens. The bursal body index (BBIX) for UPM1432/2019- and UPM1056/2018-infected groups was <0.7 from 2 dpc and continued to decrease to 0.49 and 0.45, respectively, at 21 dpc. UPM1432/2019 strain was more persistent in the bursa than UPM1056/2018 strain. Both strains induced similar pathological lesions in SPF chicks. These results indicate that the Malaysian vaIBDV severely damaged the immune organs of chickens and was more persistent in bursal tissue than vvIBDV. The study provides insight into the pathogenicity of the variant strain as further study may be required to evaluate the efficacy of the currently available IBD vaccines in Malaysia against the strain. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Emerging Malaysian variant IBDV caused severe bursal damage without mortality. Atypical vvIBDV induced bursal atrophy with inflammatory response and caused low mortality. Malaysian variant IBDV was more persistent in bursal tissue than vvIBDV.

Research paper thumbnail of Expression Profiles of Immune-Related Genes and Apoptosis Study of Avian Intraepithelial-Natural Killer Cells in Chickens Inoculated with Vaccine Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Challenged with Virulent NDV

Research paper thumbnail of Expression Profiles of Immune-Related Genes and Apoptosis Study of Avian Intraepithelial-Natural Killer Cells in Chickens Inoculated with Vaccine Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Challenged with Virulent NDV

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Egg Drop Syndrom 1976 in Some Avian Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

International Journal of Livestock Research, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Alteration in the Population of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Virus Shedding in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens Following Inoculation with Lentogenic and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strains

Viral Immunology

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide the first line of immunological defense after the inva... more Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide the first line of immunological defense after the invasion of the intestine by a pathogen. To understand the changes of IEL response in chickens, we measured the population of different subsets of avian IELs at different time points after primary inoculation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) lentogenic strain (LaSota) and subsequent challenge with NDV velogenic strain-genotypes VII and VIII. Furthermore, NDV shed after each treatment was quantified. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into six groups of chickens, one to six, inoculated with phosphate buffered saline; NDV lentogenic strain (LaSota); genotype VII (GVII); LaSota and challenged with GVII (LSGVII); genotype VIII (GVIII); and group of LaSota and challenged with GVIII (LSGVIII). The chickens were euthanized at 12, 36, and 60 h postchallenge. Immunophenotyping of CD25 + IEL, CD3 + cells, CD4 + cells, and CD8 + cells was conducted using flow cytometer. Furthermore, virus shedding was measured using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the percentage population of IEL subsets was generally lower in the chickens inoculated with GVII or GVIII when compared with LaSota, LSGVII and LSGVIII inoculated groups. The NDV copy number was significantly higher in chickens challenged with NDV GVII or GVIII when compared with chickens inoculated with LaSota, LSGVII or LSGVIII. Taking together, NDV velogenic strain caused decrease in the population of subsets of chickens' IEL. However, inoculation of NDV LaSota may increase the population of avian IEL subsets and decrease shedding of virulent NDV.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological detection of avian influenza virus ( H 5 N 2 ) antibody among domestic avian species in Maiduguri Metropolis , Nigeria

Article Type: Full Length Research Article Avian influenza virus (H5N2) is one of the biggest thr... more Article Type: Full Length Research Article Avian influenza virus (H5N2) is one of the biggest threats for human and animal health worldwide. A seroprevalence study was conducted to investigate and determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus antibodies in some selected species of birds viz: broilers, layers, village chicken, geese and ducks in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State. A total of 284 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy birds from two different poultry slaughter slabs and various household within the metropolis. An indirect commercial ELISA kit was used to detect antibody against H5N2 among the selected birds species. The results obtained show an overall prevalence rate of (3.5%). Layers had the highest rate with (6.3%) followed by ducks (5.0%), village chicken (4.3%) and broilers (3.8%), respectively. In terms of sex distribution, females had relatively slightly higher prevalence rate (3.6%) than males (3.4%). While in terms age distributio...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecularcharacterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Chickensin Zaria and Its Environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria

.................................................................................................... more ....................................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.1Background of the Study............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................................................. 4 1.3 Justification of the Study.............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Aim of the Study ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Objectives of the Study................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 7

Research paper thumbnail of Screening for viral proteins to some emerging viruses in African straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon Helvum) captured in Zaria, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Foot and MouthDisease in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State Nigeria

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic ... more Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals. It has low mortality rate in adult but with morbidity rate of up to 100% in susceptible animal populations. This research work was designed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and risk factors associated with it in four districts of Bauchi local government, Bauchi State Nigeriausing ELISA kit and a structured questionnaire survey. Blood samples were collected froma total of 270 cattle (56 males and 214 females). The data generated were analysed using SPSS and chi-square test was used for comparison of variables. The result showed that out of the 270 serum samples tested, 171 (63.3%) were found to be positive for FMDV antibodies.Individual district prevalence rates were Bauchi (79.4%), Galambi (50%), Miri (61.1%) and Zungur (64.3%). No statistical difference (P>0.0001) was noted in the distribution of the positive samples among the four districts stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Egg Drop Syndrom 1976 in Some Avian Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

International Journal of Livestock Research

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis among cattle herds from nomadic peri-urban settlements and cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir of Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2018

Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at th... more Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at the municipal abattoir and cattle herds in peri-urban nomadic settlements of Bauchi state of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 2440 cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir from June to September were examined for lesions characteristic of bTB and eighty-six (n=86) cows selected from two cattle herds located at temporary nomadic settlements in Bauchi metropolis were also screened for bTB using purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test. During the study period, total of 2,440 cattle were slaughtered comprising majority of females (n=1656) and males (n=784) as well as of different breeds including majority of White Fulani (n=1864) followed by Red Bororo (n=508) and Sokoto Gudali (n=68). Results: The results revealed that out of the 2,440 slaughtered cattle inspected for tuberculous-like lesions, 51 had lesions suspected to be lesions characteristic of tuberculosis, while 48 were positive for Ziehl-Neelsen. Prevalence rate of 1.96% based on microscopic examination and 2.0% based on suspected gross lesion were recorded. The prevalence was 0.77% for males, 1.2% females, 1.84% for adults, 0.12% for calves and 1.8% for white Fulani (Bunaji), 0.12% for Red Bororo (Rahaji) and 0.04% for Sokoto Gudali (Bokoloji). In addition, screening of 86 cows showed that 8.1% were positive for tuberculosis using tuberculin test. Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that bTB is still endemic in Bauchi state and this can pose a significant public health challenge. Thus, it is recommended that the government should intensify the test-and-slaughter policy as well as put in place an effective monitoring and surveillance control programs for bTB to mitigate the risks posed to public health by this zoonotic disease in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of chicken infectious anemia virus infection among some poultry species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dengue Virus Infection Among Febrile Outpatients Attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Borno State, Nigeria

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of t... more Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of the Genus Flavivirus and the FamilyFlaviviridaethat is endemic in Africa and beyond. The illness could be fatal especially among children and depleted patients.This study was designed to diagnose recentDengue virus infectionsamong febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital using ELISA kits for the detection of DENV IgM antibodies and NS1 antigens. Ninety one (91) venous blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital for malaria test between January and May, 2016. The samples were analysed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays for dengue virus IgM antibodies (manufactured by Inverness Innovations Australia Pty Ltd) and for Dengue virus NS1antigens (manufactured by Bio-Rad, France). The results showed a prevalence rate of 37.4% for DENV IgM antibodies and 9.9% for DENV NS1 antigens, with 3.3% of the subjects testingpositive for both IgM and NS1 antigen. Females were observed to have higher IgM prevalence rate of 41% and males showed higher NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.1%. The highest prevalence rate of 76.9% was recorded for IgM in the age bracket of 1-14 years. Samples from urban areas have the highest IgM antibodyprevalence rate of 41.4%, however, rural dwellers have the highest NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.3%. The presenting complaint with the highest IgM prevalence rate of 50% was headache + fever + nausea, while headache only had the highest NS1 antigen of 22.2%. The highest prevalence rate of 47.4% for IgM and 50% for NS1 antigen were recorded in March and May, 2016 respectively. This study therefore showed a high prevalence of IgM to Dengue fever virus indicating its circulation among febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Due to the probable misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment of dengue fever with other diseases such as malaria, dengue fever is shown to be prevalent in the study area. It is therefore recommended that febrile patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital should be tested for dengue fever virus.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular screening and isolation of Newcastle disease virus from live poultry markets and chickens from commercial poultry farms in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017

Newcastle disease is one of the major economic threats to poultry population because of its high ... more Newcastle disease is one of the major economic threats to poultry population because of its high morbidity and mortality varying from 90-100%. It is caused by Avian Paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). This research work was carried out to identify Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and further isolate the virus in embryonated chicken eggs. A total of 127 cloacal swabs were collected from local chickens in live bird market and exotic chickens in commercial poultry farms in Zaria and environs, Nigeria between November, 2014 and January, 2015. Five commercial poultry farms and four live bird markets were purposively sampled. Molecular screening of NDV Matrix-gene (M-gene) was performed on all the samples using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Newcastle disease positive samples were further inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs for isolation of Newcastle disease virus. Isolates were confirmed as Newcastle disease virus by haemaggulitination inhibition (HI) test. Newcastle disease virus Matrix-gene was detected in 16 (12.5%) out of 127 cloacal swabs; 13 (10.2%) from live bird markets and 3 (2.3%) from commercial poultry farms. However, only 10 Newcastle disease viruses were isolated in embryonated chicken eggs as confirmed by Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Due to the higher detection rate recorded by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it is therefore important that molecular technique be made easily accessible so that samples from each suspected outbreaks of NDV be screened so that rapid and confirmatory diagnosis can be achieved.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological Evidence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus among Some Poultry Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016

A sero-prevalence study of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) among some species of poultry (villa... more A sero-prevalence study of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) among some species of poultry (village chickens, broilers, layers, turkeys, ducks and geese) in Maiduguri Metropolis was conducted using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. An overall prevalence of 26.6% was observed in the study. The species distribution of the positive samples showed 5/18 (27.8%) broilers, 9/48 (18.8%) village chicken, 12/40 (30%) turkeys, 4/29 (13.8%) ducks, 6/23 (26.1%) geese and 14/30 (46.7%) layers were sero-positive for IBV antibodies. The sex distribution of the IBV positive samples revealed significant difference (p

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Free-Living Wild Birds in Japan

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Serum samples collected from 739 free-living wild birds of 44 species from Gifu, Mie and Hyogo Pr... more Serum samples collected from 739 free-living wild birds of 44 species from Gifu, Mie and Hyogo Prefectures in Japan during the period 1989 to 1997 were tested for antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) serotypes 1 and 2 by a virus neutralization test. Serological evidence of infection with serotypes 1 and 2 was found in 15 (2%) of the sera of 6 species and 36 (4.9%) of the sera of 11 species, respectively. Antibodies to IBDV were detected from both sedentary and migratory species. These findings suggest that free-living wild birds have an important role in the natural history of IBDV. These findings raise the possibility that the IBDV prevalent in the breeding grounds of these birds in other countries could be imported by the migratory species. This is the first report of an extensive serological survey of IBDV in wild birds.

Research paper thumbnail of A retrospective study of bovine tuberculosis at the municipal abattoir of Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary world, 2018

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) still remains a major zoonotic bacterial disease affecting livestock an... more Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) still remains a major zoonotic bacterial disease affecting livestock and humans worldwide. The disease remains a poorly managed tropical disease in most developing countries of the world; where in addition to productivity losses and significance in international trade, it posed a major public health threat to both humans and animals. A retrospective study was designed to investigate the occurrence of bTB lesions at Bauchi municipal abattoir. The study utilized abattoir records spanning a period of 10 years (2004-2013). The records indicated that a total of 1,08,638 heads of cattle comprising = 56,070 males and = 52,570 females were slaughtered at the municipal abattoir during the study period. Of these heads, = 1230 (1.13%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.19) had tuberculous lesions. The annual occurrence during the study period varied significantly (p<0.001) from 0.53% (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67) to 1.87% (95% CI: 1.66, 2.10) in 2010 and 2012, respectiv...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in three municipal abattoirs of Gombe state, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary World, 2016

Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis ... more Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among cattle slaughtered at three municipal abattoirs of Gombe State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 blood samples collected from slaughtered cattle of different breeds (Sokoto Gudali-50, White Fulani-102, Red bororo-34, and Crossbreeds-14), sex (males-19 and females-181), and from different locations (Billiri-30, Yamaltu Deba-50, and Gombe-120) were screened for brucellosis using rose bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and microtiter agglutination test (MAT). Results: Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 7 (3.5%), 10 (5.0%) and 18 (9.0%) were positive by RBPT, SAT and MAT, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant association between sex and seropositivity to bovine brucellosis. However, seropositivity of bovine brucellosis was higher in females than in males. Similarly, no statistically significant association was observed between breed and occurrence of bovine brucellosis. Moreover, the prevalence of brucellosis was higher in Sokoto Gudali as compared with the other breeds. Based on the study locations, higher seroprevalence was observed in animals screened from Billiri as compared with those from other locations (p<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of Brucella abortus antigen in the sera of slaughtered cattle in Gombe state poses a significant public health risk. Therefore, it is important to carry out further epidemiological studies on fulani herdsmen and cattle herds in the study area, in order to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence and perpetuation of brucellosis among cattle herds, ascertain the prevalence and status of the disease among both farms and nomadic herds.

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in three municipal abattoirs of Gombe state, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary World, 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among... more A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among cattle slaughtered at three municipal abattoirs of Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples collected from slaughtered cattle of different breeds (Sokoto Gudali - 50, White Fulani - 102, Red bororo - 34, and Crossbreeds - 14), sex (males - 19 and females - 181), and from different locations (Billiri - 30, Yamaltu Deba - 50, and Gombe - 120) were screened for brucellosis using rose bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and microtiter agglutination test (MAT). Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 7 (3.5%), 10 (5.0%) and 18 (9.0%) were positive by RBPT, SAT and MAT, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant association between sex and seropositivity to bovine brucellosis. However, seropositivity of bovine brucellosis was higher in females than in males. Similarly, no statistically significant association was observed between breed and occurre...

Research paper thumbnail of Immunity Evaluation of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Inoculated at Different Doses in Day-old Specific-Pathogen-Free Chicks

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science

This research aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of different doses of HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 inactivat... more This research aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of different doses of HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine. Specific-pathogen-free day-old chicks were divided into 3 different groups, and each group was vaccinated subcutaneously with the vaccine dose of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 ml, respectively. Blood samples were collected to measure NDV-specific antibody titers using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HI result showed that birds vaccinated with 0.5 ml HIPRAVIAR® BPL2 vaccine showed an increased statistically significant antibody titer compared to the other doses. Similarly, the ELISA result corroborated the HI finding. No significant difference between the results was detected when the antibody titers were measured using two ELISA kits, Biocheck CK116, and CIVTEST® AVI NDV. The percentage antibody-positive test based on HI amongst the different days post-vaccination showed that all the birds wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative pathogenicity of Malaysian variant and very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses in chickens

Avian Pathology, 2022

ABSTRACT Variant infectious bursal disease virus (vaIBDV) has been identified in various countrie... more ABSTRACT Variant infectious bursal disease virus (vaIBDV) has been identified in various countries with significant economic losses. Recently, the first identification of a variant strain in Malaysia was reported. The pathogenicities of the Malaysian variant, UPM1432/2019, and very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV), UPM1056/2018 strains were comparatively evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens based on gross and histopathological examinations and viral load. Four-week-old SPF chickens were randomly divided into three groups; group 1 served as the control, while groups 2 and 3 birds were challenged with the vaIBDV and vvIBDV, respectively. Three birds from each group were weighed, euthanized and necropsied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 21 days post-challenge (dpc). Unlike UPM1056/2018 group, birds from UPM1432/2019 group did not show clinical signs or death. UPM1056/2018 strain caused 11% mortality rate in the infected chickens. The bursal body index (BBIX) for UPM1432/2019- and UPM1056/2018-infected groups was <0.7 from 2 dpc and continued to decrease to 0.49 and 0.45, respectively, at 21 dpc. UPM1432/2019 strain was more persistent in the bursa than UPM1056/2018 strain. Both strains induced similar pathological lesions in SPF chicks. These results indicate that the Malaysian vaIBDV severely damaged the immune organs of chickens and was more persistent in bursal tissue than vvIBDV. The study provides insight into the pathogenicity of the variant strain as further study may be required to evaluate the efficacy of the currently available IBD vaccines in Malaysia against the strain. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Emerging Malaysian variant IBDV caused severe bursal damage without mortality. Atypical vvIBDV induced bursal atrophy with inflammatory response and caused low mortality. Malaysian variant IBDV was more persistent in bursal tissue than vvIBDV.

Research paper thumbnail of Expression Profiles of Immune-Related Genes and Apoptosis Study of Avian Intraepithelial-Natural Killer Cells in Chickens Inoculated with Vaccine Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Challenged with Virulent NDV

Research paper thumbnail of Expression Profiles of Immune-Related Genes and Apoptosis Study of Avian Intraepithelial-Natural Killer Cells in Chickens Inoculated with Vaccine Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Challenged with Virulent NDV

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Egg Drop Syndrom 1976 in Some Avian Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

International Journal of Livestock Research, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Alteration in the Population of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Virus Shedding in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens Following Inoculation with Lentogenic and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strains

Viral Immunology

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide the first line of immunological defense after the inva... more Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide the first line of immunological defense after the invasion of the intestine by a pathogen. To understand the changes of IEL response in chickens, we measured the population of different subsets of avian IELs at different time points after primary inoculation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) lentogenic strain (LaSota) and subsequent challenge with NDV velogenic strain-genotypes VII and VIII. Furthermore, NDV shed after each treatment was quantified. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into six groups of chickens, one to six, inoculated with phosphate buffered saline; NDV lentogenic strain (LaSota); genotype VII (GVII); LaSota and challenged with GVII (LSGVII); genotype VIII (GVIII); and group of LaSota and challenged with GVIII (LSGVIII). The chickens were euthanized at 12, 36, and 60 h postchallenge. Immunophenotyping of CD25 + IEL, CD3 + cells, CD4 + cells, and CD8 + cells was conducted using flow cytometer. Furthermore, virus shedding was measured using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the percentage population of IEL subsets was generally lower in the chickens inoculated with GVII or GVIII when compared with LaSota, LSGVII and LSGVIII inoculated groups. The NDV copy number was significantly higher in chickens challenged with NDV GVII or GVIII when compared with chickens inoculated with LaSota, LSGVII or LSGVIII. Taking together, NDV velogenic strain caused decrease in the population of subsets of chickens' IEL. However, inoculation of NDV LaSota may increase the population of avian IEL subsets and decrease shedding of virulent NDV.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological detection of avian influenza virus ( H 5 N 2 ) antibody among domestic avian species in Maiduguri Metropolis , Nigeria

Article Type: Full Length Research Article Avian influenza virus (H5N2) is one of the biggest thr... more Article Type: Full Length Research Article Avian influenza virus (H5N2) is one of the biggest threats for human and animal health worldwide. A seroprevalence study was conducted to investigate and determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus antibodies in some selected species of birds viz: broilers, layers, village chicken, geese and ducks in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State. A total of 284 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy birds from two different poultry slaughter slabs and various household within the metropolis. An indirect commercial ELISA kit was used to detect antibody against H5N2 among the selected birds species. The results obtained show an overall prevalence rate of (3.5%). Layers had the highest rate with (6.3%) followed by ducks (5.0%), village chicken (4.3%) and broilers (3.8%), respectively. In terms of sex distribution, females had relatively slightly higher prevalence rate (3.6%) than males (3.4%). While in terms age distributio...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecularcharacterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Chickensin Zaria and Its Environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria

.................................................................................................... more ....................................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.1Background of the Study............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................................................. 4 1.3 Justification of the Study.............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Aim of the Study ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Objectives of the Study................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 7

Research paper thumbnail of Screening for viral proteins to some emerging viruses in African straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon Helvum) captured in Zaria, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Foot and MouthDisease in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State Nigeria

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic ... more Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral transboundary disease of both domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals. It has low mortality rate in adult but with morbidity rate of up to 100% in susceptible animal populations. This research work was designed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and risk factors associated with it in four districts of Bauchi local government, Bauchi State Nigeriausing ELISA kit and a structured questionnaire survey. Blood samples were collected froma total of 270 cattle (56 males and 214 females). The data generated were analysed using SPSS and chi-square test was used for comparison of variables. The result showed that out of the 270 serum samples tested, 171 (63.3%) were found to be positive for FMDV antibodies.Individual district prevalence rates were Bauchi (79.4%), Galambi (50%), Miri (61.1%) and Zungur (64.3%). No statistical difference (P>0.0001) was noted in the distribution of the positive samples among the four districts stud...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Egg Drop Syndrom 1976 in Some Avian Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

International Journal of Livestock Research

Research paper thumbnail of Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis among cattle herds from nomadic peri-urban settlements and cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir of Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2018

Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at th... more Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at the municipal abattoir and cattle herds in peri-urban nomadic settlements of Bauchi state of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 2440 cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir from June to September were examined for lesions characteristic of bTB and eighty-six (n=86) cows selected from two cattle herds located at temporary nomadic settlements in Bauchi metropolis were also screened for bTB using purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test. During the study period, total of 2,440 cattle were slaughtered comprising majority of females (n=1656) and males (n=784) as well as of different breeds including majority of White Fulani (n=1864) followed by Red Bororo (n=508) and Sokoto Gudali (n=68). Results: The results revealed that out of the 2,440 slaughtered cattle inspected for tuberculous-like lesions, 51 had lesions suspected to be lesions characteristic of tuberculosis, while 48 were positive for Ziehl-Neelsen. Prevalence rate of 1.96% based on microscopic examination and 2.0% based on suspected gross lesion were recorded. The prevalence was 0.77% for males, 1.2% females, 1.84% for adults, 0.12% for calves and 1.8% for white Fulani (Bunaji), 0.12% for Red Bororo (Rahaji) and 0.04% for Sokoto Gudali (Bokoloji). In addition, screening of 86 cows showed that 8.1% were positive for tuberculosis using tuberculin test. Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that bTB is still endemic in Bauchi state and this can pose a significant public health challenge. Thus, it is recommended that the government should intensify the test-and-slaughter policy as well as put in place an effective monitoring and surveillance control programs for bTB to mitigate the risks posed to public health by this zoonotic disease in the study area.

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of chicken infectious anemia virus infection among some poultry species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dengue Virus Infection Among Febrile Outpatients Attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Borno State, Nigeria

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of t... more Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of the Genus Flavivirus and the FamilyFlaviviridaethat is endemic in Africa and beyond. The illness could be fatal especially among children and depleted patients.This study was designed to diagnose recentDengue virus infectionsamong febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital using ELISA kits for the detection of DENV IgM antibodies and NS1 antigens. Ninety one (91) venous blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital for malaria test between January and May, 2016. The samples were analysed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays for dengue virus IgM antibodies (manufactured by Inverness Innovations Australia Pty Ltd) and for Dengue virus NS1antigens (manufactured by Bio-Rad, France). The results showed a prevalence rate of 37.4% for DENV IgM antibodies and 9.9% for DENV NS1 antigens, with 3.3% of the subjects testingpositive for both IgM and NS1 antigen. Females were observed to have higher IgM prevalence rate of 41% and males showed higher NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.1%. The highest prevalence rate of 76.9% was recorded for IgM in the age bracket of 1-14 years. Samples from urban areas have the highest IgM antibodyprevalence rate of 41.4%, however, rural dwellers have the highest NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.3%. The presenting complaint with the highest IgM prevalence rate of 50% was headache + fever + nausea, while headache only had the highest NS1 antigen of 22.2%. The highest prevalence rate of 47.4% for IgM and 50% for NS1 antigen were recorded in March and May, 2016 respectively. This study therefore showed a high prevalence of IgM to Dengue fever virus indicating its circulation among febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Due to the probable misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment of dengue fever with other diseases such as malaria, dengue fever is shown to be prevalent in the study area. It is therefore recommended that febrile patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital should be tested for dengue fever virus.

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular screening and isolation of Newcastle disease virus from live poultry markets and chickens from commercial poultry farms in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017

Newcastle disease is one of the major economic threats to poultry population because of its high ... more Newcastle disease is one of the major economic threats to poultry population because of its high morbidity and mortality varying from 90-100%. It is caused by Avian Paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). This research work was carried out to identify Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and further isolate the virus in embryonated chicken eggs. A total of 127 cloacal swabs were collected from local chickens in live bird market and exotic chickens in commercial poultry farms in Zaria and environs, Nigeria between November, 2014 and January, 2015. Five commercial poultry farms and four live bird markets were purposively sampled. Molecular screening of NDV Matrix-gene (M-gene) was performed on all the samples using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Newcastle disease positive samples were further inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs for isolation of Newcastle disease virus. Isolates were confirmed as Newcastle disease virus by haemaggulitination inhibition (HI) test. Newcastle disease virus Matrix-gene was detected in 16 (12.5%) out of 127 cloacal swabs; 13 (10.2%) from live bird markets and 3 (2.3%) from commercial poultry farms. However, only 10 Newcastle disease viruses were isolated in embryonated chicken eggs as confirmed by Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Due to the higher detection rate recorded by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it is therefore important that molecular technique be made easily accessible so that samples from each suspected outbreaks of NDV be screened so that rapid and confirmatory diagnosis can be achieved.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological Evidence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus among Some Poultry Species in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016

A sero-prevalence study of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) among some species of poultry (villa... more A sero-prevalence study of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) among some species of poultry (village chickens, broilers, layers, turkeys, ducks and geese) in Maiduguri Metropolis was conducted using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. An overall prevalence of 26.6% was observed in the study. The species distribution of the positive samples showed 5/18 (27.8%) broilers, 9/48 (18.8%) village chicken, 12/40 (30%) turkeys, 4/29 (13.8%) ducks, 6/23 (26.1%) geese and 14/30 (46.7%) layers were sero-positive for IBV antibodies. The sex distribution of the IBV positive samples revealed significant difference (p

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Free-Living Wild Birds in Japan

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Serum samples collected from 739 free-living wild birds of 44 species from Gifu, Mie and Hyogo Pr... more Serum samples collected from 739 free-living wild birds of 44 species from Gifu, Mie and Hyogo Prefectures in Japan during the period 1989 to 1997 were tested for antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) serotypes 1 and 2 by a virus neutralization test. Serological evidence of infection with serotypes 1 and 2 was found in 15 (2%) of the sera of 6 species and 36 (4.9%) of the sera of 11 species, respectively. Antibodies to IBDV were detected from both sedentary and migratory species. These findings suggest that free-living wild birds have an important role in the natural history of IBDV. These findings raise the possibility that the IBDV prevalent in the breeding grounds of these birds in other countries could be imported by the migratory species. This is the first report of an extensive serological survey of IBDV in wild birds.

Research paper thumbnail of A retrospective study of bovine tuberculosis at the municipal abattoir of Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary world, 2018

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) still remains a major zoonotic bacterial disease affecting livestock an... more Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) still remains a major zoonotic bacterial disease affecting livestock and humans worldwide. The disease remains a poorly managed tropical disease in most developing countries of the world; where in addition to productivity losses and significance in international trade, it posed a major public health threat to both humans and animals. A retrospective study was designed to investigate the occurrence of bTB lesions at Bauchi municipal abattoir. The study utilized abattoir records spanning a period of 10 years (2004-2013). The records indicated that a total of 1,08,638 heads of cattle comprising = 56,070 males and = 52,570 females were slaughtered at the municipal abattoir during the study period. Of these heads, = 1230 (1.13%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.19) had tuberculous lesions. The annual occurrence during the study period varied significantly (p<0.001) from 0.53% (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67) to 1.87% (95% CI: 1.66, 2.10) in 2010 and 2012, respectiv...

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in three municipal abattoirs of Gombe state, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary World, 2016

Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis ... more Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among cattle slaughtered at three municipal abattoirs of Gombe State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 blood samples collected from slaughtered cattle of different breeds (Sokoto Gudali-50, White Fulani-102, Red bororo-34, and Crossbreeds-14), sex (males-19 and females-181), and from different locations (Billiri-30, Yamaltu Deba-50, and Gombe-120) were screened for brucellosis using rose bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and microtiter agglutination test (MAT). Results: Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 7 (3.5%), 10 (5.0%) and 18 (9.0%) were positive by RBPT, SAT and MAT, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant association between sex and seropositivity to bovine brucellosis. However, seropositivity of bovine brucellosis was higher in females than in males. Similarly, no statistically significant association was observed between breed and occurrence of bovine brucellosis. Moreover, the prevalence of brucellosis was higher in Sokoto Gudali as compared with the other breeds. Based on the study locations, higher seroprevalence was observed in animals screened from Billiri as compared with those from other locations (p<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of Brucella abortus antigen in the sera of slaughtered cattle in Gombe state poses a significant public health risk. Therefore, it is important to carry out further epidemiological studies on fulani herdsmen and cattle herds in the study area, in order to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence and perpetuation of brucellosis among cattle herds, ascertain the prevalence and status of the disease among both farms and nomadic herds.

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in three municipal abattoirs of Gombe state, Northeastern Nigeria

Veterinary World, 2016

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among... more A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis among cattle slaughtered at three municipal abattoirs of Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples collected from slaughtered cattle of different breeds (Sokoto Gudali - 50, White Fulani - 102, Red bororo - 34, and Crossbreeds - 14), sex (males - 19 and females - 181), and from different locations (Billiri - 30, Yamaltu Deba - 50, and Gombe - 120) were screened for brucellosis using rose bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and microtiter agglutination test (MAT). Of the 200 serum samples analyzed, 7 (3.5%), 10 (5.0%) and 18 (9.0%) were positive by RBPT, SAT and MAT, respectively. The results showed no statistically significant association between sex and seropositivity to bovine brucellosis. However, seropositivity of bovine brucellosis was higher in females than in males. Similarly, no statistically significant association was observed between breed and occurre...