Devagi Kanakaraju | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) (original) (raw)

Papers by Devagi Kanakaraju

Research paper thumbnail of Accumulation and Depuration of Lead and Chromium Using Nerita lineata

This study aimed to examine the usefulness of locally found gastropod snail, Nerita lineata as su... more This study aimed to examine the usefulness of locally found gastropod snail, Nerita lineata as suitable biomonitor for metal pollution. The accumulation and elimination of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) was examined by exposing N. Lineata to different concentrations of Pb (1-4ppm) and Cr (12-15 ppm) under controlled laboratory conditions. The experiments were allowed for four days of accumulation (24-96 hr) and four days of depuration (120-196 hr). The samples were taken out every 24 hour for metal analysis. There was gradual increase with exposure time for Pb indicating higher retention of Pb in tissues of N. Lineata and the concentration decreased over time during depuration. However, the accumulation and depuration trends of Cr were not consistent. The findings obtained suggest that N. Lineata showed ability to stand high Pb exposure and can be considered as suitable species for biological monitoring in aquatic environments.

Research paper thumbnail of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE RAZOR CLAMS (SOLEN SPP) FROM MUARA TEBAS, SARAWAK

... The levels of heavy metals in the filtrate were determined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spect... more ... The levels of heavy metals in the filtrate were determined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ... Acid blank for every batch was analyzed to evaluate any contamination. ... One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to study differences in metal concentrations at ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Razor Clam (Solen regularis) in Moyan and Serpan, Sarawak

Heavy metal levels were investigated in different tissues of razor clam (Solen regularis) and sed... more Heavy metal levels were investigated in different tissues of razor clam (Solen regularis) and sediments collected from Moyan and Serpan, Sarawak. Analysis of elements, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr and Cu were carried out in soft tissues, gills, siphon, foot and whole tissues of razor clams (Solen regularis) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Accumulation pattern in different organs varied with metals and sampling sites. Fe occurred in elevated concentration in sediments (741.8-989.0 mg/kg) and this was also reflected in razor clams (Solen regularis). Siphon and foot recorded highest Fe at Moyan and Serpan respectively. Concentration of Mn did not show no major variations in the organs analyzed at both sampling sites. It was found to be highest in gill (92.5mg/kg) at Moyan and siphon (77.3 mg/kg) at Serpan. The levels of Cr in razor clams (Solen regularis) ranged between 22.4 and 36.7 mg/kg and 26.1 and 34.4 mg/kg at Moyan and Serpan respectively. Cu in razor clams varied from 5.2 -8.1 mg/kg at Moyan and 5.6 -12.4 mg/kg at Serpan. Cd was found to be in the least concentration both in sediments (0.7-3.0 mg/kg) and razor clams (0.5-1.2 mg/kg). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in metal concentrations in razor clams between Moyan and Serpan. The bioaccumulation factor (BAFs) of Cd, Fe, Cr Cu and Mn in whole tissue of razor clam in relative to mean metal concentrations in sediments was measured. The BAFs results revealed the following descending orders: Cr > Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu. The discrepancy in heavy metal concentrations found in razor clam could be due to the environmental conditions and biological cycle.

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide/zeolite integrated photocatalytic adsorbents for the degradation of amoxicillin

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide photocatalysis for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2014

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has proven to be a... more Heterogeneous photocatalysis using the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has proven to be a promising treatment technology for water purification. The effectiveness of this oxidation technology for the destruction of pharmaceuticals has also been demonstrated in numerous studies. This review highlights recent research on TiO 2 photocatalytic treatment applied to the removal of selected pharmaceuticals. The discussions are tailored based on the therapeutic drug classes as the kinetics and mechanistic aspects are compound dependent. These classes of pharmaceuticals were chosen because of their environmental prevalence and potential adverse effects. Optimal operational conditions and degradation pathways vary with different pharmaceutical compounds. The main conclusion is that the use of TiO 2 photocatalysis can be considered a state-of-the-art pharmaceutical wastewater treatment methodology. Further studies are, however, required to optimize the operating conditions for maximum degradation of multiple pharmaceuticals in wastewater under realistic conditions and on an industrial scale.

Research paper thumbnail of Photolysis and TiO2-catalysed degradation of diclofenac in surface and drinking water using circulating batch photoreactors

Environmental Chemistry, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Accumulation and Depuration of Lead and Chromium Using Nerita lineata

This study aimed to examine the usefulness of locally found gastropod snail, Nerita lineata as su... more This study aimed to examine the usefulness of locally found gastropod snail, Nerita lineata as suitable biomonitor for metal pollution. The accumulation and elimination of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) was examined by exposing N. Lineata to different concentrations of Pb (1-4ppm) and Cr (12-15 ppm) under controlled laboratory conditions. The experiments were allowed for four days of accumulation (24-96 hr) and four days of depuration (120-196 hr). The samples were taken out every 24 hour for metal analysis. There was gradual increase with exposure time for Pb indicating higher retention of Pb in tissues of N. Lineata and the concentration decreased over time during depuration. However, the accumulation and depuration trends of Cr were not consistent. The findings obtained suggest that N. Lineata showed ability to stand high Pb exposure and can be considered as suitable species for biological monitoring in aquatic environments.

Research paper thumbnail of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE RAZOR CLAMS (SOLEN SPP) FROM MUARA TEBAS, SARAWAK

... The levels of heavy metals in the filtrate were determined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spect... more ... The levels of heavy metals in the filtrate were determined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ... Acid blank for every batch was analyzed to evaluate any contamination. ... One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to study differences in metal concentrations at ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Razor Clam (Solen regularis) in Moyan and Serpan, Sarawak

Heavy metal levels were investigated in different tissues of razor clam (Solen regularis) and sed... more Heavy metal levels were investigated in different tissues of razor clam (Solen regularis) and sediments collected from Moyan and Serpan, Sarawak. Analysis of elements, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr and Cu were carried out in soft tissues, gills, siphon, foot and whole tissues of razor clams (Solen regularis) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Accumulation pattern in different organs varied with metals and sampling sites. Fe occurred in elevated concentration in sediments (741.8-989.0 mg/kg) and this was also reflected in razor clams (Solen regularis). Siphon and foot recorded highest Fe at Moyan and Serpan respectively. Concentration of Mn did not show no major variations in the organs analyzed at both sampling sites. It was found to be highest in gill (92.5mg/kg) at Moyan and siphon (77.3 mg/kg) at Serpan. The levels of Cr in razor clams (Solen regularis) ranged between 22.4 and 36.7 mg/kg and 26.1 and 34.4 mg/kg at Moyan and Serpan respectively. Cu in razor clams varied from 5.2 -8.1 mg/kg at Moyan and 5.6 -12.4 mg/kg at Serpan. Cd was found to be in the least concentration both in sediments (0.7-3.0 mg/kg) and razor clams (0.5-1.2 mg/kg). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in metal concentrations in razor clams between Moyan and Serpan. The bioaccumulation factor (BAFs) of Cd, Fe, Cr Cu and Mn in whole tissue of razor clam in relative to mean metal concentrations in sediments was measured. The BAFs results revealed the following descending orders: Cr > Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu. The discrepancy in heavy metal concentrations found in razor clam could be due to the environmental conditions and biological cycle.

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide/zeolite integrated photocatalytic adsorbents for the degradation of amoxicillin

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Titanium dioxide photocatalysis for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2014

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has proven to be a... more Heterogeneous photocatalysis using the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has proven to be a promising treatment technology for water purification. The effectiveness of this oxidation technology for the destruction of pharmaceuticals has also been demonstrated in numerous studies. This review highlights recent research on TiO 2 photocatalytic treatment applied to the removal of selected pharmaceuticals. The discussions are tailored based on the therapeutic drug classes as the kinetics and mechanistic aspects are compound dependent. These classes of pharmaceuticals were chosen because of their environmental prevalence and potential adverse effects. Optimal operational conditions and degradation pathways vary with different pharmaceutical compounds. The main conclusion is that the use of TiO 2 photocatalysis can be considered a state-of-the-art pharmaceutical wastewater treatment methodology. Further studies are, however, required to optimize the operating conditions for maximum degradation of multiple pharmaceuticals in wastewater under realistic conditions and on an industrial scale.

Research paper thumbnail of Photolysis and TiO2-catalysed degradation of diclofenac in surface and drinking water using circulating batch photoreactors

Environmental Chemistry, 2014