Ann Borda | University of Melbourne (original) (raw)
Papers by Ann Borda
AI Accountability in Practice aims to provide resources and training materials to help you and yo... more AI Accountability in Practice aims to provide resources and training materials to help you and your team establish an end-to-end accountability framework. This will enable you to integrate the ethical values and practical principles, which motivate and steer responsible innovation, into the actual processes that characterise your AI project lifecycle.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2024
The purpose of this workbook is to introduce participants to the principle of AI Explainability. ... more The purpose of this workbook is to introduce participants to the principle of AI Explainability. Understanding how, why, and when explanations of AI-supported or -generated outcomes need to be provided, and what impacted people’s expectations are about what these explanations should include, is crucial to fostering responsible and ethical practices within your
AI projects. To guide you through this process, we will address essential questions: What do we need to explain? And who do we need to explain this to? This workbook offers practical insights and tools to facilitate your exploration of AI Explainability. By providing actionable approaches, we aim to equip you and your team with the means to identify when and how to employ various types of explanations effectively.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2024
Project teams frequently engage in tasks pertaining to the technical safety and sustainability of... more Project teams frequently engage in tasks pertaining to the technical safety and sustainability of their AI projects. In doing so, they need to ensure that their resultant models are reproducible, robust, interpretable, reliable, performant, and secure. The issue of AI safety is of paramount importance, because possible failures have the potential to produce harmful outcomes and undermine public trust. This work of building safe AI outputs is an ongoing process requiring reflexivity and foresight. To aid teams in this, the workbook introduces the core components of AI Safety (reliability, performance, robustness, and security), and helps teams develop anticipatory and reflective skills which are needed to responsibly apply these in practice.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute. , 2024
Responsible Data Stewardship in Practice aims to provide resources and training which help you an... more Responsible Data Stewardship in Practice aims to provide resources and training which help you and your team to ethically steward the data you access and utilise by proactively initiating and facilitating responsible data practices. You will learn how to use these tools and how they may be relevant at different stages of the project lifecycle. The tools, approaches, and policies introduced should be discussed with your core team and your stakeholders, and should be clearly documented.
Data is essential in developing AI models and systems, forming the core information on which they are trained, and, as such, shaping their knowledge base and epistemic (knowledge-contributing) capacity. For this reason, responsible data stewardship is crucial for developing ethical and responsible AI.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’24), June 03–06, 2024, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2024
Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large la... more Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large language models, and generative AI, an emerging body of work is shedding light on the myriad impacts these technologies are having across society. Such research is expansive, ranging from the production of discriminatory, fake and toxic outputs, and privacy and copyright violations, to the unjust.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2024
This Research Topic of Frontiers in Public Health focuses on different innovation aspects related... more This Research Topic of Frontiers in Public Health focuses on different innovation aspects related to Living Labs in various thematic contexts, collectively addressing ways of scaling impact for human wellbeing. Living Labs are powerful instruments supporting healthy communities, cities and regions in their transition toward sustainable and resilient futures with the facilitation of open and inclusive innovation (1–4). As orchestrators of
open innovation environments, Living Labs aim to involve all relevant stakeholders to co-create concrete, long-term solutions based on real-life problems with the goal to scale-up eventually (5, 6). The Living Lab innovation model as an emerging practice centering on open innovation has particular resonance in contexts that have wellbeing and quality of
life at their heart with a focus on the role of human-centered technologies supporting this goal (7, 8). The articles in this Research Topic are best practice examples in capturing the breadth and complexity that is necessary to achieve new co-created solutions as represented by the 11 articles contributed by 72 authors.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a conti... more The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a continuous sensitivity to their potential real-world impacts and transformative effects. Stakeholder Impact Assessments (SIAs) are governance mechanisms that enable this kind of responsiveness. They are tools that create a procedure for, and a means of documenting, the collaborative evaluation and reflective anticipation of the possible harms and benefits of AI innovation projects. SIAs are not one-off governance actions. They require project teams to pay continuous attention to the dynamic and changing character of AI production and use and to the shifting conditions of the real-world environments in which AI technologies are embedded. This workbook is part two of two workbooks on AI Sustainability. It provides a template of the SIA and activities that allow a deeper dive into crucial parts of it. It discusses methods for weighing values and considering trade-offs during the SIA. And, it highlights the need to treat the SIA as an end-to-end process of responsive evaluation and re-assessment.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
Sustainable AI projects are continuously responsive to the transformative effects as well as shor... more Sustainable AI projects are continuously responsive to the transformative effects as well as short-, medium-, and long-term impacts on individuals and society that the design, development, and deployment of AI technologies may have. Projects, which centre AI Sustainability, ensure that values-led, collaborative, and anticipatory reflection both guides the assessment of potential social and ethical impacts and steers responsible innovation practices.
This workbook is the first part of a pair that provides the concepts and tools needed to put AI Sustainability into practice. It introduces the SUM Values, which help AI project teams to assess the potential societal impacts and ethical permissibility of their projects. It then presents a Stakeholder Engagement Process (SEP), which provides tools to facilitate proportionate engagement of and input from stakeholders with an emphasis on equitable and meaningful participation and positionality awareness.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central chall... more Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should best be put to practice. In this workbook, we tackle this challenge by exploring how a context-based and society-centred approach to understanding AI Fairness can help project teams better identify, mitigate, and manage the many ways that unfair bias and discrimination can crop up across the AI project workflow.
We begin by exploring how, despite the plurality of understandings about the meaning of fairness, priorities of equality and non-discrimination have come to constitute the broadly accepted core of its application as a practical principle. We focus on how these priorities manifest in the form of equal protection from direct and indirect discrimination and from discriminatory harassment. These elements form ethical and legal criteria based upon which instances of unfair bias and discrimination can be identified and mitigated across the AI project workflow.
We then take a deeper dive into how the different contexts of the AI project lifecycle give rise to different fairness concerns. This allows us to identify several types of AI Fairness (Data Fairness, Application Fairness, Model Design and Development Fairness, Metric-Based Fairness, System Implementation Fairness, and Ecosystem Fairness) that form the basis of a multi-lens approach to bias identification, mitigation, and management. Building on this, we discuss how to put the principle of AI Fairness into practice across the AI project workflow through Bias Self-Assessment and Bias Risk Management as well as through the documentation of metric-based fairness criteria in a Fairness Position Statement.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage th... more AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must be a first priority.
In this workbook, we introduce and describe our PBG Framework, a multi-tiered governance model that enables project teams to integrate ethical values and practical principles into their innovation practices and to have clear mechanisms for demonstrating and documenting this.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 2024
This short communication highlights the role of digital health equity in supporting climate-resil... more This short communication highlights the role of digital health equity in supporting climate-resilient digital healthcare pathways for global communities experiencing the health crisis exacerbated by climate change and environmental degradation. Specifically, to design digital health responsibly to support climate change adaptation as an inclusive, equitable, human-centered process means acknowledging the interconnectedness of human health and the health of the natural environment. In this process, we recommend a more integrated and participatory approach to the dimensions of ecological and environmental determinants of health and ethical representation of diverse and vulnerable voices.
Obesity Reviews , 2023
Globally, the adoption and implementation of policies to improve the healthiness of food environm... more Globally, the adoption and implementation of policies to improve the healthiness of food environments and prevent population weight gain have been inadequate. This is partly because of the complexity associated with monitoring dynamic food environments.
Crowdsourcing is a citizen science approach that can increase the extent and nature of food environment data collection by engaging citizens as sensors or volunteered computing experts. There has been no literature synthesis to guide the application of crowdsourcing to food environment monitoring.We systematically conducted a scoping review to address this gap. Forty-two articles met our eligibility criteria. Photovoice techniques were the most employed methodological approaches (n = 25 studies), commonly used to understand overall access to healthy food. A small number of studies made purpose-built apps to collect price or nutritional composition data and were scaled to receive large amounts of data points. Twenty-nine studies crowdsourced food environmentdata by engaging priority populations (e.g., households receiving low incomes).
There is growing potential to develop scalable crowdsourcing platforms to understand food environments through the eyes of everyday people. Such crowdsourced data may improve public and policy engagement with equitable food policy actions.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 2023
Citizen science, though well established in Australia has not yet found wide use in tertiary scie... more Citizen science, though well established in Australia has not yet found wide use in tertiary science education. We offer case studies to illustrate that Citizen Science approaches are slowly being adopted and we highlight the spectrum of experiences in higher education from undergraduate to alumni. Courses that integrate citizen science methods tend to focus on the involvement of students in scientific research. More recently, however, citizen science theories and practice have been explicitly taught, empowering students to bring a critical lens to citizen science approaches in addition to contributing to scientific research. Integrative citizen science approaches can draw together research and teaching in higher education. When combined, these authentic learning experiences provide opportunities for students to practice contemporary science as part of new and emerging research frameworks. This article draws together citizen science initiatives from Australian universities. We discuss the benefits of immersive citizen science projects for learning, the potential of citizen science to connect campuses with community, and the importance of critical approaches to citizen science in a pedagogical setting. We consider ways to shape citizen science in higher education settings to broaden inclusion in science both on and beyond campuses.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023
As climate change drives increased intensity, duration and severity of weather-related events tha... more As climate change drives increased intensity, duration and severity of weather-related events that can lead to natural disasters and mass casualties, innovative approaches are needed to develop climate-resilient healthcare systems that can deliver safe, quality healthcare under nonoptimal conditions, especially in remote or underserved areas. Digital health technologies are touted as a potential contributor to healthcare climate change adaptation and mitigation, through improved access to healthcare, reduced inefficiencies, reduced costs, and increased portability of patient information. Under normal operating conditions, these systems are employed to deliver personalised healthcare and better patient and consumer involvement in their health and well-being.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health technologies were rapidly implemented on a mass scale in many settings to deliver healthcare in compliance with public health interventions, including lockdowns. However, the resilience and effectiveness of digital health technologies in the face of the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters remain to be determined. In this review, using the mixed-methods review methodology, we seek to map what is known about digital health resilience in the context of natural disasters using case studies to demonstrate what works and what does not and to propose future directions to build climate-resilient digital health interventions.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2023
When developing a digital health solution, product owners, healthcare professionals, researchers,... more When developing a digital health solution, product owners, healthcare professionals, researchers, IT teams, and consumers require timely, accurate contextual information to inform solution development. Insights Reporting can rapidly draw together information from literature, end users and existing technology to inform the development process. This was the case when creating an online brain cancer peer support platform where solution development was conducted in parallel with contextual information synthesis. This paper discusses the novel adaptation of an environmental scan methodology using codesign and multiple layers of qualitative rigor, to create Insights Reporting. This seven-step process can be completed in two months and results in salient points of knowledge that can rapidly inform the design of a solution, creating a shared understanding of a digital health phenomenon. Project members noted that Insights Reporting surfaces previously inaccessible knowledge, catalyzes decision-making and allows all stakeholders to influence the report agenda, affirming principles of digital health equity.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 2023
This case report is a reflective narrative, documenting the methods used to develop a policy fram... more This case report is a reflective narrative, documenting the methods used to develop a policy framework for a National Strategy on Climate, Health and Well-being for Australia. The report aims to guide advocates, communities of practice, and governments in developing a comprehensive policy response to climate change and its health impacts.
Open Science (Proceedings of EVA London 2023), 2023
This commentary focuses on a new wave of virtual reality and immersive exhibitions on climate cha... more This commentary focuses on a new wave of virtual reality and immersive exhibitions on climate change, and the opportunities of such virtual reality experiences in strengthening climate change awareness, climate literacy and more active forms of participation in climate action. In this context
is the evolving and crucial role of museums and cultural organisations in shaping and supporting our response to this urgent crisis through immersive and dynamic forms of narrative.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
Editorial on the Research Topic: Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low... more Editorial on the Research Topic: Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Medical Journal of Australia (MJA), 2023
Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon ... more Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon health care models.
AI Accountability in Practice aims to provide resources and training materials to help you and yo... more AI Accountability in Practice aims to provide resources and training materials to help you and your team establish an end-to-end accountability framework. This will enable you to integrate the ethical values and practical principles, which motivate and steer responsible innovation, into the actual processes that characterise your AI project lifecycle.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2024
The purpose of this workbook is to introduce participants to the principle of AI Explainability. ... more The purpose of this workbook is to introduce participants to the principle of AI Explainability. Understanding how, why, and when explanations of AI-supported or -generated outcomes need to be provided, and what impacted people’s expectations are about what these explanations should include, is crucial to fostering responsible and ethical practices within your
AI projects. To guide you through this process, we will address essential questions: What do we need to explain? And who do we need to explain this to? This workbook offers practical insights and tools to facilitate your exploration of AI Explainability. By providing actionable approaches, we aim to equip you and your team with the means to identify when and how to employ various types of explanations effectively.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2024
Project teams frequently engage in tasks pertaining to the technical safety and sustainability of... more Project teams frequently engage in tasks pertaining to the technical safety and sustainability of their AI projects. In doing so, they need to ensure that their resultant models are reproducible, robust, interpretable, reliable, performant, and secure. The issue of AI safety is of paramount importance, because possible failures have the potential to produce harmful outcomes and undermine public trust. This work of building safe AI outputs is an ongoing process requiring reflexivity and foresight. To aid teams in this, the workbook introduces the core components of AI Safety (reliability, performance, robustness, and security), and helps teams develop anticipatory and reflective skills which are needed to responsibly apply these in practice.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
The Alan Turing Institute. , 2024
Responsible Data Stewardship in Practice aims to provide resources and training which help you an... more Responsible Data Stewardship in Practice aims to provide resources and training which help you and your team to ethically steward the data you access and utilise by proactively initiating and facilitating responsible data practices. You will learn how to use these tools and how they may be relevant at different stages of the project lifecycle. The tools, approaches, and policies introduced should be discussed with your core team and your stakeholders, and should be clearly documented.
Data is essential in developing AI models and systems, forming the core information on which they are trained, and, as such, shaping their knowledge base and epistemic (knowledge-contributing) capacity. For this reason, responsible data stewardship is crucial for developing ethical and responsible AI.
This workbook is part of the AI Ethics and Governance in Practice series (https://aiethics.turing.ac.uk) co-developed by researchers at The Alan Turing Institute in partnership with key public sector stakeholders.
ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’24), June 03–06, 2024, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2024
Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large la... more Responding to the rapid roll-out and large-scale commercialization of foundation models, large language models, and generative AI, an emerging body of work is shedding light on the myriad impacts these technologies are having across society. Such research is expansive, ranging from the production of discriminatory, fake and toxic outputs, and privacy and copyright violations, to the unjust.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2024
This Research Topic of Frontiers in Public Health focuses on different innovation aspects related... more This Research Topic of Frontiers in Public Health focuses on different innovation aspects related to Living Labs in various thematic contexts, collectively addressing ways of scaling impact for human wellbeing. Living Labs are powerful instruments supporting healthy communities, cities and regions in their transition toward sustainable and resilient futures with the facilitation of open and inclusive innovation (1–4). As orchestrators of
open innovation environments, Living Labs aim to involve all relevant stakeholders to co-create concrete, long-term solutions based on real-life problems with the goal to scale-up eventually (5, 6). The Living Lab innovation model as an emerging practice centering on open innovation has particular resonance in contexts that have wellbeing and quality of
life at their heart with a focus on the role of human-centered technologies supporting this goal (7, 8). The articles in this Research Topic are best practice examples in capturing the breadth and complexity that is necessary to achieve new co-created solutions as represented by the 11 articles contributed by 72 authors.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a conti... more The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a continuous sensitivity to their potential real-world impacts and transformative effects. Stakeholder Impact Assessments (SIAs) are governance mechanisms that enable this kind of responsiveness. They are tools that create a procedure for, and a means of documenting, the collaborative evaluation and reflective anticipation of the possible harms and benefits of AI innovation projects. SIAs are not one-off governance actions. They require project teams to pay continuous attention to the dynamic and changing character of AI production and use and to the shifting conditions of the real-world environments in which AI technologies are embedded. This workbook is part two of two workbooks on AI Sustainability. It provides a template of the SIA and activities that allow a deeper dive into crucial parts of it. It discusses methods for weighing values and considering trade-offs during the SIA. And, it highlights the need to treat the SIA as an end-to-end process of responsive evaluation and re-assessment.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
Sustainable AI projects are continuously responsive to the transformative effects as well as shor... more Sustainable AI projects are continuously responsive to the transformative effects as well as short-, medium-, and long-term impacts on individuals and society that the design, development, and deployment of AI technologies may have. Projects, which centre AI Sustainability, ensure that values-led, collaborative, and anticipatory reflection both guides the assessment of potential social and ethical impacts and steers responsible innovation practices.
This workbook is the first part of a pair that provides the concepts and tools needed to put AI Sustainability into practice. It introduces the SUM Values, which help AI project teams to assess the potential societal impacts and ethical permissibility of their projects. It then presents a Stakeholder Engagement Process (SEP), which provides tools to facilitate proportionate engagement of and input from stakeholders with an emphasis on equitable and meaningful participation and positionality awareness.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central chall... more Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should best be put to practice. In this workbook, we tackle this challenge by exploring how a context-based and society-centred approach to understanding AI Fairness can help project teams better identify, mitigate, and manage the many ways that unfair bias and discrimination can crop up across the AI project workflow.
We begin by exploring how, despite the plurality of understandings about the meaning of fairness, priorities of equality and non-discrimination have come to constitute the broadly accepted core of its application as a practical principle. We focus on how these priorities manifest in the form of equal protection from direct and indirect discrimination and from discriminatory harassment. These elements form ethical and legal criteria based upon which instances of unfair bias and discrimination can be identified and mitigated across the AI project workflow.
We then take a deeper dive into how the different contexts of the AI project lifecycle give rise to different fairness concerns. This allows us to identify several types of AI Fairness (Data Fairness, Application Fairness, Model Design and Development Fairness, Metric-Based Fairness, System Implementation Fairness, and Ecosystem Fairness) that form the basis of a multi-lens approach to bias identification, mitigation, and management. Building on this, we discuss how to put the principle of AI Fairness into practice across the AI project workflow through Bias Self-Assessment and Bias Risk Management as well as through the documentation of metric-based fairness criteria in a Fairness Position Statement.
The Alan Turing Institute, 2023
AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage th... more AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must be a first priority.
In this workbook, we introduce and describe our PBG Framework, a multi-tiered governance model that enables project teams to integrate ethical values and practical principles into their innovation practices and to have clear mechanisms for demonstrating and documenting this.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 2024
This short communication highlights the role of digital health equity in supporting climate-resil... more This short communication highlights the role of digital health equity in supporting climate-resilient digital healthcare pathways for global communities experiencing the health crisis exacerbated by climate change and environmental degradation. Specifically, to design digital health responsibly to support climate change adaptation as an inclusive, equitable, human-centered process means acknowledging the interconnectedness of human health and the health of the natural environment. In this process, we recommend a more integrated and participatory approach to the dimensions of ecological and environmental determinants of health and ethical representation of diverse and vulnerable voices.
Obesity Reviews , 2023
Globally, the adoption and implementation of policies to improve the healthiness of food environm... more Globally, the adoption and implementation of policies to improve the healthiness of food environments and prevent population weight gain have been inadequate. This is partly because of the complexity associated with monitoring dynamic food environments.
Crowdsourcing is a citizen science approach that can increase the extent and nature of food environment data collection by engaging citizens as sensors or volunteered computing experts. There has been no literature synthesis to guide the application of crowdsourcing to food environment monitoring.We systematically conducted a scoping review to address this gap. Forty-two articles met our eligibility criteria. Photovoice techniques were the most employed methodological approaches (n = 25 studies), commonly used to understand overall access to healthy food. A small number of studies made purpose-built apps to collect price or nutritional composition data and were scaled to receive large amounts of data points. Twenty-nine studies crowdsourced food environmentdata by engaging priority populations (e.g., households receiving low incomes).
There is growing potential to develop scalable crowdsourcing platforms to understand food environments through the eyes of everyday people. Such crowdsourced data may improve public and policy engagement with equitable food policy actions.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 2023
Citizen science, though well established in Australia has not yet found wide use in tertiary scie... more Citizen science, though well established in Australia has not yet found wide use in tertiary science education. We offer case studies to illustrate that Citizen Science approaches are slowly being adopted and we highlight the spectrum of experiences in higher education from undergraduate to alumni. Courses that integrate citizen science methods tend to focus on the involvement of students in scientific research. More recently, however, citizen science theories and practice have been explicitly taught, empowering students to bring a critical lens to citizen science approaches in addition to contributing to scientific research. Integrative citizen science approaches can draw together research and teaching in higher education. When combined, these authentic learning experiences provide opportunities for students to practice contemporary science as part of new and emerging research frameworks. This article draws together citizen science initiatives from Australian universities. We discuss the benefits of immersive citizen science projects for learning, the potential of citizen science to connect campuses with community, and the importance of critical approaches to citizen science in a pedagogical setting. We consider ways to shape citizen science in higher education settings to broaden inclusion in science both on and beyond campuses.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023
As climate change drives increased intensity, duration and severity of weather-related events tha... more As climate change drives increased intensity, duration and severity of weather-related events that can lead to natural disasters and mass casualties, innovative approaches are needed to develop climate-resilient healthcare systems that can deliver safe, quality healthcare under nonoptimal conditions, especially in remote or underserved areas. Digital health technologies are touted as a potential contributor to healthcare climate change adaptation and mitigation, through improved access to healthcare, reduced inefficiencies, reduced costs, and increased portability of patient information. Under normal operating conditions, these systems are employed to deliver personalised healthcare and better patient and consumer involvement in their health and well-being.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health technologies were rapidly implemented on a mass scale in many settings to deliver healthcare in compliance with public health interventions, including lockdowns. However, the resilience and effectiveness of digital health technologies in the face of the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters remain to be determined. In this review, using the mixed-methods review methodology, we seek to map what is known about digital health resilience in the context of natural disasters using case studies to demonstrate what works and what does not and to propose future directions to build climate-resilient digital health interventions.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 2023
When developing a digital health solution, product owners, healthcare professionals, researchers,... more When developing a digital health solution, product owners, healthcare professionals, researchers, IT teams, and consumers require timely, accurate contextual information to inform solution development. Insights Reporting can rapidly draw together information from literature, end users and existing technology to inform the development process. This was the case when creating an online brain cancer peer support platform where solution development was conducted in parallel with contextual information synthesis. This paper discusses the novel adaptation of an environmental scan methodology using codesign and multiple layers of qualitative rigor, to create Insights Reporting. This seven-step process can be completed in two months and results in salient points of knowledge that can rapidly inform the design of a solution, creating a shared understanding of a digital health phenomenon. Project members noted that Insights Reporting surfaces previously inaccessible knowledge, catalyzes decision-making and allows all stakeholders to influence the report agenda, affirming principles of digital health equity.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 2023
This case report is a reflective narrative, documenting the methods used to develop a policy fram... more This case report is a reflective narrative, documenting the methods used to develop a policy framework for a National Strategy on Climate, Health and Well-being for Australia. The report aims to guide advocates, communities of practice, and governments in developing a comprehensive policy response to climate change and its health impacts.
Open Science (Proceedings of EVA London 2023), 2023
This commentary focuses on a new wave of virtual reality and immersive exhibitions on climate cha... more This commentary focuses on a new wave of virtual reality and immersive exhibitions on climate change, and the opportunities of such virtual reality experiences in strengthening climate change awareness, climate literacy and more active forms of participation in climate action. In this context
is the evolving and crucial role of museums and cultural organisations in shaping and supporting our response to this urgent crisis through immersive and dynamic forms of narrative.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
Editorial on the Research Topic: Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low... more Editorial on the Research Topic: Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Medical Journal of Australia (MJA), 2023
Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon ... more Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon health care models.
Electronic Workshops in Computing, 2017
The imaging of cultural heritage sites and artefacts is now a highly technical process with many ... more The imaging of cultural heritage sites and artefacts is now a highly technical process with many tools and methodological approaches available to archaeologists, architects, museum curators and artefact conservators. Imaging studies at the Australian Institute of Archaeology (AIA) have been directed principally to the recording of the artefacts within the collection. Several imaging tools have been used, including optical microscopy, pseudo 3D photography using a translation rig, flatbed scanning and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). RTI is an important tool for the ongoing Cuneiform in Australian and New Zealand collections (CANZ) project, one output of which will be a web-site from which researchers will be able to load the interactive RTI files that can be viewed using Cultural Heritage Imaging (CHI) algorithmic rendering tools. Where publication of the AIA artefacts through journal articles and monographs is to be undertaken, other imaging techniques are being investigated to capture or enhance detail in a single image. In this work, we compare the outputs of RTI and ImageJ for interactive imaging and for singleimage publishing. This paper presents the results of applying ImageJ processing tools to images taken using the RTI methodology. Two types of artefact were studied in this work: (i) a clay tablet with significant relief in the incised cuneiform text and with convex surfaces and (ii) a papyrus fragment with ink script and a relatively flat surface texture. Both artefacts were imaged using the RTI illuminating dome methodology and the reflectance functions developed for algorithmic rendering. Image data for both artefacts were also processed using ImageJ enhancement tools, specifically Z-Project. The resultant images are compared with those from RTI algorithmic rendering.
Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2019
This commentary explores how established citizen science models can inform and support meaningful... more This commentary explores how established citizen science models can inform and support meaningful engagement of the public in health research in Australia. In particular, with the growth in participatory health research approaches and increasing consumer participation in contributing to this research through digital technologies, there are gaps in our understanding of best practice in health and biomedical citizen science research to address these paradigm shifts. Notable gaps are how we might more clearly define the parameters of such research and which citizen science models might best support digitally-enabled participation falling within these. Further work in this area is expected to lead to how established citizen science methods may help improve the quality of and the translation of public engagement in health research.
Big Data & Society, 2021
Engaging citizens with digital technology to co-create data, information and knowledge has widely... more Engaging citizens with digital technology to co-create data, information and knowledge has widely become an important strategy for informing the policy response to COVID-19 and the ‘infodemic’ of misinformation in cyberspace. This move towards digital citizen participation aligns well with the United Nations’ agenda to encourage the use of digital tools to enable data-driven, direct democracy. From data capture to information generation, and knowledge co-creation, every stage of the data lifecycle bears important considerations to inform policy and practice. Drawing on evidence of participatory policy and practice during COVID-19, we outline a framework for citizen ‘e-participation’ in knowledge co-creation across every stage of the policy cycle. We explore how coupling the generation of information with that of social capital can provide opportunities to collectively build trust in institutions, accelerate recovery and facilitate the ‘e-society’. We outline the key aspects of reali...
The Victorian eResearch Strategic Initiative (VeRSI) was the first State-funded initiative of its... more The Victorian eResearch Strategic Initiative (VeRSI) was the first State-funded initiative of its kind in Australia. The establishment of VeRSI follows on the heels of the former Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST) decision to commission the then Australian eResearch Coordinating Committee to undertake a comprehensive review of eResearch and to recommend how Australia, cognisant of efforts elsewhere, such as the UK eScience Programme, could coordinate a national eResearch initiative.One of the recommendations of the Committee was the foundation of an eResearch Centre consisting of a coordinating body and six state-based nodes to facilitate the transfer of eResearch methodologies to the research community.The government of the State of Victoria, through Multimedia Victoria, had been thinking along similar lines and in 2006 announced funding for VeRSI as part of its Life Science Statement. VeRSI was set up in the same year as an AU$8m-funded eResearch programme running over 5 years (2006-2011). Its primary aim is to accelerate and coordinate the uptake of eResearch in universities, government departments and research organisations within the State of Victoria and to inform, through exemplars, other programmes in Australia and abroad
This is the final version of the Recommendations and Guidelines from the RDA COVID-19 Working Gro... more This is the final version of the Recommendations and Guidelines from the RDA COVID-19 Working Group, and has been endorsed through the official RDA process. The Research Data Alliance (RDA) COVID-19 Working Group members bring various, global expertise to develop a body of work that comprises how data from multiple disciplines inform response to a pandemic combined with guidelines and recommendations on data sharing under the present COVID-19 cicumstances. This extends to research software sharing, in recognition of the key role in software in analysing data. The work has been divided into four research areas (namely, clinical, omics, epidemiology, social sciences) with four cross cutting themes (namely, community participation, indigenous data, legal and ethical considerations, research software), as a way to focus the conversations, and provide an initial set of guidelines in a tight timeframe. The detailed guidelines are aimed to help stakeholders follow best practices to maximis...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
This qualitative investigation makes suggestions about creating age-friendly cities for older adu... more This qualitative investigation makes suggestions about creating age-friendly cities for older adults focusing on three domains of the World Health Organization (WHO) age-friendly city framework namely “Communication and Information”, “Outdoor Spaces and Buildings” and “Social Participation”. The authors present two case studies, the first one focusing on older adults using activity wearables for health self-management in the neighborhood, and the second one focusing on older adults engaged in social prescribing activities in the community. The authors then reflect on the relationships of the domains and future opportunities for age-friendly cities. These case studies apply a co-design and citizen-based approach focusing within these larger frameworks on emotions, values and motivational goals of older adults. Results suggest how the convergence of the often siloed age-friendly city components based on older adults’ goals and input can lead to better social participation and longer-t...
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Digital Public Health, 2019
This survey study considers the state of the art of participatory research approaches using serio... more This survey study considers the state of the art of participatory research approaches using serious games to improve public health. It provides perspectives on existing research and future directions.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
Exploring the contribution of health informatics is an emerging topic in relation to addressing c... more Exploring the contribution of health informatics is an emerging topic in relation to addressing climate change, but less examined is a body of literature reporting on the potential and effectiveness of women participating in climate action supported by digital health. This perspective explores how empowering women through digital health literacy (DHL) can support them to be active agents in addressing climate change risk and its impacts on health and well-being. We also consider the current definitional boundary of DHL, and how this may be shaped by other competencies (eg, environmental health literacy), to strengthen this critical agenda for developed nations and lower-resource settings.
Citizen Science: Theory and Practice
The concept of One Health, a system-based approach that acknowledges the interdependence of human... more The concept of One Health, a system-based approach that acknowledges the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem health, has grown in prominence over the past few decades. This transdisciplinary concept is increasingly important as the climate crisis, directly and indirectly, impacts all aspects of the planetary web of life. In tandem with the rise of One Health has been the increasing adoption of digital technologies into healthcare practice and within methods used to research human and environmental health. Emerging at the intersection of One Health and Digital Health is the idea of One Digital Health. This syncretic concept explores the opportunities that digital health presents to further the utility and operationalisation of One Health. A notable feature of the One Digital Health model is the role of citizen engagement. This feature aligns the digital approach with many One Health interventions that use citizen science to improve human, animal, and environmental health. This paper reports the results of a rapid review followed by a deep-dive into several representative studies exploring the intersections of One Health, digital health, and citizen science to identify new domains of innovative practice that supports resilience in the face of climate change and environmental health hazards. A focus on air quality reflects its importance in the One Health literature.
The Journal of Climate Change and Health
Medical Journal of Australia
Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon ... more Environmentally sustainable equitable digital transformation is central to delivering low carbon health care models.
Frontiers in Public Health
Editorial on the Research Topic Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low-... more Editorial on the Research Topic Digital interventions and serious mobile games for health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Proceedings of DLLD 2020 p76-94. ISBN 9789464078923 (eBook). European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL)., 2020
Originating in Europe, social prescribing aims for a more holistic health approach to increase so... more Originating in Europe, social prescribing aims for a more holistic health approach to increase social integration. Through a feasibility study on introducing social prescription in Australia we demonstrate that a bottom-up approach is necessary to understand how to involve healthcare providers, staff, and service users in designing a social prescribing service. We framed the involvement of the multiple stakeholder groups as one informed by citizen science to understand how to overcome organisational barriers. The result is a concept proposal that suggests service pathways for a social prescription based on the healthcare providers’ and their stakeholders’ values and needs. We suggest that citizen science needs to support evaluation of service impact and sustainability as part of a complex learning system. Our approach can inform other health related services giving future stakeholders a stronger voice in the design, implementation and maintenance of health services that extend the traditional medical model of health.
Electronic Workshops in Computing, 2021
In this paper, we analyse trends of the first wave of museum websites (from the 1990s to the earl... more In this paper, we analyse trends of the first wave of museum websites (from the 1990s to the early 2000s) to understand how the characteristics of the Internet (specifically the World Wide Web), of museum staff, and museum audiences shaped the adoption of technology and new forms of participation and what they can tell us about engagement for museums of the future. The early development of online museum resources parallels the development of the EVA conference, which was establishing itself at a similar time.
Sound, Shadow and Light is a generative program that seeks to replicate the visual and aural expe... more Sound, Shadow and Light is a generative program that seeks to replicate the visual and aural experience of a natural environment in a designed space that responds to the inhabitants of that space. In a natural environment there are opposing senses of intimacy and expanse, bounded only by the horizon. While each natural environment may have different or unique elements in it, Sound, Shadow and Light explores the hypothesis that just a few of these elements may create a sense, or experience, of being in a natural environment. It will do this by defining and then distilling the prototypical elements of an environment to form an essence, a small set of events that may be influenced by the inhabitant to create a mental and emotional experience of being in a natural environment. Sound, Shadow and Light bases its approach on the assumption that the natural environment is mostly static with predictable sounds, and that this causes the inhabitant to ignore most of the events in the environme...
... Kerstin Lehnert. The second plenary talk on day two of the conference was delivered by Dr Ker... more ... Kerstin Lehnert. The second plenary talk on day two of the conference was delivered by Dr Kerstin Lehnert, Director of the Geoinformatics for Geochemistry Program at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University. ... It was presented by Kylie Pappalardo. ...