Henry Jackson | University of Melbourne (original) (raw)

Papers by Henry Jackson

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, Dec 1, 2006

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 2022

Aims A disproportionate number of people with mental ill-health experience social exclusion. Appr... more Aims A disproportionate number of people with mental ill-health experience social exclusion. Appropriate measurement tools are required to progress opportunities to improve social inclusion. We have developed a novel measure, the Filia Social Inclusion Measure (F-SIM). Here we aimed to present a more concise, easy-to-use form, while retaining its measurement integrity by (i) refining the F-SIM using traditional and contemporary item-reduction techniques; and (ii) testing the psychometric properties of the reduced measure. Methods Five hundred and six participants completed the F-SIM, younger and older groups of people with serious mental illness (including psychosis, mood, anxiety disorders) and same-aged community counterparts. The F-SIM was completed at baseline and 2-week follow-up, alongside other measures (including social inclusion, loneliness). The F-SIM was refined using multidimensional scaling network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. The psy...

JAMA Psychiatry, 2021

IMPORTANCE Clinical trials have neither focused on early intervention for psychosocial impairment... more IMPORTANCE Clinical trials have neither focused on early intervention for psychosocial impairment nor on the contribution of components of borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatment beyond individual psychotherapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 early interventions for BPD of differing complexity. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS This single-blinded randomized clinical trial recruited young people between March 17, 2011, and September 30, 2015, into parallel groups. The study took place at 2 government-funded mental health services for young people in Melbourne, Australia. Inclusion criteria were age 15 to 25 years (inclusive), recent DSM-IV-TR BPD diagnosis, and never receiving evidence-based BPD treatment. A total of 139 participants were randomized (pool of 876; 70 declined, 667 excluded), balanced for sex, age, and depressive symptomatology. Data analysis completed May 2020. INTERVENTIONS (1) The Helping Young People Early (HYPE) dedicated BPD service model for young people, combined with weekly cognitive analytic therapy (CAT); (2) HYPE combined with a weekly befriending psychotherapy control condition; and (3) a general youth mental health service (YMHS) model, combined with befriending. Therefore, the 3 treatment arms were HYPE + CAT, HYPE + befriending, and YMHS + befriending. Participants were randomly assigned both to 1 treatment arm (in a 1:1:1 ratio) and to a clinician. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Psychosocial functioning, measured with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Version and the Social Adjustment Scale Self-report. RESULTS One hundred twenty-eight participants (104 [81.3%] were female; mean [SD] age, 19.1 [2.8] years; HYPE + CAT: 40 [31.3%]; HYPE + befriending: 45 [35.2%]; YMHS + befriending: 43 [33.6%]) who provided postbaseline data were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Regardless of group, from baseline to 12 months, there was a mean of 19.3% to 23.8% improvement in the primary outcomes and 40.7% to 52.7% for all secondary outcomes, except severity of substance use and client satisfaction. The latter remained high across all time points. Planned comparisons (YMHS + befriending vs HYPE; HYPE + CAT vs befriending) showed that neither the service model nor the psychotherapy intervention was associated with a superior rate of change in psychosocial functioning by the 12-month primary end point. The HYPE service model was superior to YMHS + befriending for treatment attendance (median [IQR], 22 [19] vs 3 [16] contacts; median duration, 200 [139.5] vs 94 [125] days) and treatment completion (44 of 92 [47.8%] vs 9 of 47 [19.2%]). HYPE + CAT was superior to befriending for treatment attendance (median [IQR], 12 [16.5] vs 3 [9.8] sessions) and treatment completion (24 of 46 [52.2%] vs 29 of 93 [31.2%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial of 3 interventions for young people with BPD, effective early intervention was not reliant on availability of specialist psychotherapy but did require youth-oriented clinical case management and psychiatric care. A dedicated early intervention BPD service model (HYPE), with or without individual psychotherapy, achieved greater treatment attendance and completion, making it more likely to meet service user, family, and community expectations of care.

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021

Objective: The increasing focus on adolescent personality disorder has tended to ignore evidence ... more Objective: The increasing focus on adolescent personality disorder has tended to ignore evidence of the developmental continuity of the period from puberty to young adulthood. This study aims to: (1) describe the characteristics of a sample of young people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who had no previous history of evidence-based treatment for the disorder and (2) compare their characteristics by participant age group. Methods: One hundred and thirty-nine young people (15 to 25 years) with BPD, newly enrolled in the Monitoring Outcomes of BPD in Youth randomized controlled trial, completed semi-structured interview and self-report measures assessing demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics. Younger (aged 15 to 17 years; n = 64) and older (aged 18 to 25 years; n = 75) participants were compared on these same variables using t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: Young outpatients with BPD had extensive and severe psychopathology and we...

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Aug 1, 2004

Objective: The absence of an agreed definition of ‘rural’ limits the utility of existing research... more Objective: The absence of an agreed definition of ‘rural’ limits the utility of existing research into a possible relationship between rurality of residence and mental health. The present study investigates the bipolar dimension accessibility/remoteness as a possible correlate of mental health. Method: A continuous area of non-metropolitan Australia was selected to provide a range of scores on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA). A questionnaire measuring demographics, the five-factor model of personality and three aspects of mental health (distress, disability and wellbeing) was mailed to 20 000 adults selected randomly from electoral rolls. Results: Responses were received from 7615 individuals (response rate = 40.5%; 57.1% female). ARIA was not associated with either distress or disability measures, but a small negative association was found between accessibility and two measures of wellbeing. Individuals residing in locales with better access to services and opportunities for interaction reported higher levels of satisfaction with life (SWL) and positive affect (PA). Adjusting statistically for a range of demographic and personality correlates did not alter the effect of ARIA on SWL. The effect on PA remained significant after adjusting for demographics, but not once personality correlates entered the model. Conclusions: By sampling across a single proposed parameter of rurality, a novel profile of correlations was identified. In accord with existing data, accessibility was not associated with distress or disability. In contrast, accessibility was positively associated with the wellbeing aspect of mental health. Further attention to the measurement of rural place and the exploration of accessibility as a parameter with mental health relevance, is warranted.

Schizophrenia Research, 1997

Background The present study describes the results ofthe pilottesting of a therapy we have develo... more Background The present study describes the results ofthe pilottesting of a therapy we have developed for people with first-episode psychosis.Cognitivelyoriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) isaimed atfacilitating the adjustmentofthe person, and at preventing or alleviating secondary morbidity inthe wake ofthe first psychoticepisode.

A Preventive Approach, 2009

Psychological Reports, 1993

The present study examined the DSM-III antisocial personality disorder by examining endorsements ... more The present study examined the DSM-III antisocial personality disorder by examining endorsements of each of the DSM-III criteria to obtain various indices, including interrater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive power, alpha levels, and item (criterion)-total correlations. 112 psychiatric inpatients were rated on the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality. 11 patients were accorded a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, 65 had other forms of personality disorders, and 36 received no personality disorder diagnosis. The antisocial criteria successfully discriminated patients with antisocial personality disorder from those without the diagnosis. Strong interrater reliability and reasonable alpha levels were achieved. Although some criteria were successful in identifying patients with and without a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, the criteria were generally better at predicting the absence of antisocial personality disorder.

Behaviour Change, 1984

In this article we address the relationship between behavioural assessment and psychiatric diagno... more In this article we address the relationship between behavioural assessment and psychiatric diagnosis. We argue that a diagnostic formulation should be made prior to behavioural assessment but consider diagnosis as complementary to traditional behavioural assessment. Implicit in our proposal, is the notion that behavioural practitioners should be thoroughly conversant with the various forms of psychopathology, and be able to identify the signs and symptoms that cluster together to constitute a clinical syndrome or disorder. The same practitioners should be able to differentiate the signs and symptoms of one syndrome or disorder from another. It is further proposed that behavioural practitioners need to be aware of the limitations and boundaries of their particular approaches and concede the value of other treatment approaches (especially chemotherapy) derived from different theoretical perspectives (Hersen 1979, 1981; Kazdin and Hersen, 1980). Such approaches may assume priority in t...

Personality and Individual Differences, 1994

Abstract The present investigation utilizes some of the measures currently being used by the DSM-... more Abstract The present investigation utilizes some of the measures currently being used by the DSM-IV Field Trial work group in their effort to simplify the criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder and at the same time include more traditional items, typical of psychopathy. One ...

Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2003

JAR, an open access journals Volume 5 • Issue 12 • 1000e116 J o ur nal o f A ID S & Cli n ic a l ... more JAR, an open access journals Volume 5 • Issue 12 • 1000e116 J o ur nal o f A ID S & Cli n ic a l R es earc h

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1983

The stereotypic screaming of a 4.2 yr old severely retarded boy was successfully reduced with a v... more The stereotypic screaming of a 4.2 yr old severely retarded boy was successfully reduced with a visual screening procedure in both school and home settings. Treatment gains were maintained over time and there was some evidence of treatment generalizing across time and persons. Social validation ratings confirmed the effectiveness of the program.

Clinical Psychology Review, 2004

There are a number of theoretical frameworks that attempt to explain how individuals may adjust t... more There are a number of theoretical frameworks that attempt to explain how individuals may adjust to threats to health and serious physical illness. The three major paradigms that attempt to organize key components of health and adaptation to illness include the following: the biomedical model which emphasizes disease; psychological models of adaptation to illness; and biopsychosocial models with the latter two emphasizing health, functioning, and well-being. Each of these three major paradigms, including biomedical, psychosocial, and biopsychosocial frameworks, is discussed and critiqued in turn, and contributions and theoretical issues in terms of adjustment to chronic illness, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are highlighted. Furthermore, a biopsychosocial framework for conceptualizing adjustment to physical illness is proposed that incorporates elements from key existing biomedical and psychosocial models of adaptation to chronic physical health issues.