paola parravicini | Università degli Studi di Milano - State University of Milan (Italy) (original) (raw)
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Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana, Jul 1, 2018
Fieldwork and field trips have been recognized as having a crucial role in learning Geoscience. N... more Fieldwork and field trips have been recognized as having a crucial role in learning Geoscience. Nevertheless, planning and technical difficulties accompany the realization of field activities; among these are the teachers' attitudes to approaching Geoscience in the field. Here we present the results of a research carried out in the frame of the TFA 2 nd cycle (University of Milan). The main goals were to teach participants how and when to plan field trips in Earth Science secondary level year schedule and to investigate their teaching approach in the field. The results show that a traditional teachers-centered approach to field didactics dominates the data set and that their ability in field trip planning seems to depend on their previous experience as students. The sites selection confirms the great potential that the Italian territory expresses in terms of field trip variety and feasibility. KEY WORDS Geoscience, field trip, education, teaching approach, teachers' training, landscape PAROLE CHIAVE Geoscienze, escursioni sul terreno, strategie didattiche, formazione degli insegnanti, territorio.
INTRODUCTION The Field Trips are considered widely powerful methods of learning in all Natural Sc... more INTRODUCTION The Field Trips are considered widely powerful methods of learning in all Natural Science and Geography but is in the domain of EarthScience learning where they play a core role. Since field trips are a way to integrated classroom to real world, benefits from field activities are various moving from a deepest comprehension of knowledge to the acquisition of specific skills and abilities. Despite this, recent papers evidence a general decline of field activities in Earth-Science courses for primary and secondary schools. Lack of time, increasing costs, logistics and strong safety protocols are some factors which strong demotivate the teachers to plan field activities. But this could depend also because few pre-service teachers experience field trips in their previous science classes and so remain unaware of the potentiality the outdoor environment can provide. In view of the above, in this research we wanted to measure in a sample of Italian pre-service science teachers (TFA- classe A060) their attitude toward planning and scheduling geo-field trip and the potentiality of Italian territory for this purpose. In particular we tested three hypothesis: 1) Is there any correlation between preservice teachers academic background and their exam score's? 2) Is there any correlation between pre-service teacher\u2019s experience as student and their attitude in planning field trips? 3) Can we measure the educational potential the Italian territory can provide? METHODS Seventies pre-service science teachers were asked to produce a field trip lesson plan for high school class after a Earth Science Teaching Training Course (TFA) by using a fixed format (Fig.1). Location, duration, type of school and all didactic strategies were freely definable. These plans were the final course test. For the evaluation three primary indicators were considered: 1. General feasibility (logistics, safety, costs, time scheduling, location potentiality) 2. Didactic coherence (between educational goals of trips and annual scheduling) 3. Didactic feasibility (coherence between educational goals of trips and planned didactic strategies) The seventies formats constitute the analyzed dataset. RESULTS Evaluation of trainees (Fig.2) Trainees were devised in four categories in relation to their degree. The results shows an average score of 25/30 for Chemistry graduates who represent the 10% of the trainees sample; the same score 25,05/30 was reached by Biotechnology graduated (25,71%); A little better score 25,33/30 gains Biology graduated (38,57%) while 26,27/30 is the better average score reached by the category which aggregate Environmental Science and Geology graduated (25,71%). This category also shows the maximum number (5) of top scores (30/30. 30/30 cum laude). The choice of field didactic strategies (Fig.3) With reference to the didactic strategies planned by trainees, the results show that in very few case the students would gain the outdoor activities in a discovery/motivational way (2/70). In average a guided inquiry with focus generated from field experience covers a 30% of plans, while in the majorities of case, over 60%, plans were dominated by an instructional/ descriptive teacher\u2019s leading style. The educational potential of Italian territory (Fig.4/5) The sites selection shows a dominance of Lombardy\u2019s locations since the Earth Science training course was ran in the University of Milan. This would explain why Mountain and Alpine environments are prevalent but ten Italian regions were covered with seven different geomorphological environments (Fig. 4). Due to the environment variety, the trainess succeded in treating twelve different Earth-science topics relevant for the curricula. Ecology, History, Art and Architecture are also explored with significance as cross-curricula opportunities. Evaluation of trainess The first ipothesy which individuate a correlation between trainees degrees and scores seems not to be confirmed due to the very low variability between the results. So firstly we can say that the specific skills and abilities achieved during tertiary education, aren't designed in the prospective of teaching in high school. Secondarily the results suggest that teaching is not the first best choice of a Science graduated who probably presume to spend his competence in different working domains. This suggest that a more designed curricula for science teachers at academic level is needed. Lastly we can say that graduated in Environmental Science who shows an higher frequency of top scores (30/30 and 30/30 cum laude) seems to be more ductile to achieve the didactic skills requested by the teacher\u2019s profile. The choice of field didactic strategies If we compare trainees results, especially if we consider their proposals in terms of didactic feasibility (fig.3), it appears clear that the experiential learning approach is not part of \u201dcandidate's DNA\u201d. In the majority of case (60%) the planned…
Operations research proceedings, 1997
ABSTRACT
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2022
This paper aims at investing a twofold objective: on the one hand it tries to highlight the conse... more This paper aims at investing a twofold objective: on the one hand it tries to highlight the consequences of the changes in the cost-sharing amount on public drug expenditure and, on the other, to assess whether public and private expenditure may substitute each other, with particular reference to the Italian case. The analysis was carried out both nationwide and on a regional basis for the four-year period from 1997 to 2000, considered jointly, separately and by couples of years. The results of our specific investigations confirm the hypothesis that the variability of expenditure among Regions and time periods is significantly influenced by co-payment exemption
International Review of Economics, 2009
Applied Financial Economics, 1996
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the curre... more RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the current state-of-the-art and tendencies of Europeanisation of European businesses and onceptualisation of modelling the Europeanisation process of businesses and their strategies. Krzysztof Wach creative synthesis and systematics of the output of economic sciences within the scope of business Europeanisation, which includes three overlapping areas, namely the theory of the firm, the theory of internationalisation and the theory of international entrepreneurship, all of them developed both in economics and in management. On the other hand, the work is an attempt of the conceptualization of the business Europeanisation process in the holistic, inter-disciplinary representation. The search for universal determinants and mechanisms of business Europeanisation was determined by several purposes which were achieved in the course of the undertaken research works. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article proposes a conceptual framework to analyse Europeanization of a firm in its business environment, with its internal characteristics such as competitiveness and flexibility to focus on the factors, mechanisms, fields and sense of Europeanization. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the in-depth literature study and as the contribution the Author suggest that Europeanization strategies are assigned into four fields of an adapted internationalization matrix: Pan-European, Sub-European, Euromultiterritorial and Eurominimalistic strategies.
Lots of studies were produced in the past decade on the importance of the quality of the institut... more Lots of studies were produced in the past decade on the importance of the quality of the institutions for economic development. Several authors focused on the indicators provided by Doing Business (World Bank) to highlight the main factors favouring or rather limiting the economic development. But to what extent do governance, the institutions, both public and private, and the business environment actually affect economic performances? This paper is an attempt to answer this question through the analysis of panel data that contains this kind of information. The results of the analysis are statistically significant and confirm the importance of these variables as determinants of the income in the countries under study. In particular, a positive relation is observed between the income and a high degree of domestic and international confidence, ensured by qualitatively high levels of the governance, the institutions, as well as of the so-called business environment. - Come e quanto gov...
This work, consisting a part of a wider study on the determinants of the costs of the Italian cre... more This work, consisting a part of a wider study on the determinants of the costs of the Italian credit system and on any scale scale and scope economies available in the same, reviews the Italian banking system, characterized in the past few decades by deep changes, mainly due to the new applicable bank legislation, to a progressive European integration, and the natural decline of interest rates. In order to better exploit the growth of the capital market, banks undertook a significant number of mergers with other banks or brokerage companies. Thus the size of the banking institutions and their ability to diversify their offer to customers play a relevant role: a preliminary empirical review, with data referred to the year 1998 and 1999, tries to outline the scope and the consequences of this phenomenon.
This work is aimed at providing a general survey of the evolution of corporate governance in the ... more This work is aimed at providing a general survey of the evolution of corporate governance in the Italian banking system.
Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
This paper deals with the issue of the weak growth in Italian labor productivity with particular ... more This paper deals with the issue of the weak growth in Italian labor productivity with particular reference to the period between 2000 and 2016. In analyzing the data relating to labor productivity, the influence of capital productivity and multifactor productivity were also considered. The analysis shows how the weak growth in labor productivity is due to some peculiar structural aspects of the Italian production system. At the end of the paper some comments are offered on possible policy interventions.
Studi in Onore Di Mario Pisani Vol 3 2010 Pags 853 867, 2010
Economia Internazionale International Economics, 2013
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana, Jul 1, 2018
Fieldwork and field trips have been recognized as having a crucial role in learning Geoscience. N... more Fieldwork and field trips have been recognized as having a crucial role in learning Geoscience. Nevertheless, planning and technical difficulties accompany the realization of field activities; among these are the teachers' attitudes to approaching Geoscience in the field. Here we present the results of a research carried out in the frame of the TFA 2 nd cycle (University of Milan). The main goals were to teach participants how and when to plan field trips in Earth Science secondary level year schedule and to investigate their teaching approach in the field. The results show that a traditional teachers-centered approach to field didactics dominates the data set and that their ability in field trip planning seems to depend on their previous experience as students. The sites selection confirms the great potential that the Italian territory expresses in terms of field trip variety and feasibility. KEY WORDS Geoscience, field trip, education, teaching approach, teachers' training, landscape PAROLE CHIAVE Geoscienze, escursioni sul terreno, strategie didattiche, formazione degli insegnanti, territorio.
INTRODUCTION The Field Trips are considered widely powerful methods of learning in all Natural Sc... more INTRODUCTION The Field Trips are considered widely powerful methods of learning in all Natural Science and Geography but is in the domain of EarthScience learning where they play a core role. Since field trips are a way to integrated classroom to real world, benefits from field activities are various moving from a deepest comprehension of knowledge to the acquisition of specific skills and abilities. Despite this, recent papers evidence a general decline of field activities in Earth-Science courses for primary and secondary schools. Lack of time, increasing costs, logistics and strong safety protocols are some factors which strong demotivate the teachers to plan field activities. But this could depend also because few pre-service teachers experience field trips in their previous science classes and so remain unaware of the potentiality the outdoor environment can provide. In view of the above, in this research we wanted to measure in a sample of Italian pre-service science teachers (TFA- classe A060) their attitude toward planning and scheduling geo-field trip and the potentiality of Italian territory for this purpose. In particular we tested three hypothesis: 1) Is there any correlation between preservice teachers academic background and their exam score's? 2) Is there any correlation between pre-service teacher\u2019s experience as student and their attitude in planning field trips? 3) Can we measure the educational potential the Italian territory can provide? METHODS Seventies pre-service science teachers were asked to produce a field trip lesson plan for high school class after a Earth Science Teaching Training Course (TFA) by using a fixed format (Fig.1). Location, duration, type of school and all didactic strategies were freely definable. These plans were the final course test. For the evaluation three primary indicators were considered: 1. General feasibility (logistics, safety, costs, time scheduling, location potentiality) 2. Didactic coherence (between educational goals of trips and annual scheduling) 3. Didactic feasibility (coherence between educational goals of trips and planned didactic strategies) The seventies formats constitute the analyzed dataset. RESULTS Evaluation of trainees (Fig.2) Trainees were devised in four categories in relation to their degree. The results shows an average score of 25/30 for Chemistry graduates who represent the 10% of the trainees sample; the same score 25,05/30 was reached by Biotechnology graduated (25,71%); A little better score 25,33/30 gains Biology graduated (38,57%) while 26,27/30 is the better average score reached by the category which aggregate Environmental Science and Geology graduated (25,71%). This category also shows the maximum number (5) of top scores (30/30. 30/30 cum laude). The choice of field didactic strategies (Fig.3) With reference to the didactic strategies planned by trainees, the results show that in very few case the students would gain the outdoor activities in a discovery/motivational way (2/70). In average a guided inquiry with focus generated from field experience covers a 30% of plans, while in the majorities of case, over 60%, plans were dominated by an instructional/ descriptive teacher\u2019s leading style. The educational potential of Italian territory (Fig.4/5) The sites selection shows a dominance of Lombardy\u2019s locations since the Earth Science training course was ran in the University of Milan. This would explain why Mountain and Alpine environments are prevalent but ten Italian regions were covered with seven different geomorphological environments (Fig. 4). Due to the environment variety, the trainess succeded in treating twelve different Earth-science topics relevant for the curricula. Ecology, History, Art and Architecture are also explored with significance as cross-curricula opportunities. Evaluation of trainess The first ipothesy which individuate a correlation between trainees degrees and scores seems not to be confirmed due to the very low variability between the results. So firstly we can say that the specific skills and abilities achieved during tertiary education, aren't designed in the prospective of teaching in high school. Secondarily the results suggest that teaching is not the first best choice of a Science graduated who probably presume to spend his competence in different working domains. This suggest that a more designed curricula for science teachers at academic level is needed. Lastly we can say that graduated in Environmental Science who shows an higher frequency of top scores (30/30 and 30/30 cum laude) seems to be more ductile to achieve the didactic skills requested by the teacher\u2019s profile. The choice of field didactic strategies If we compare trainees results, especially if we consider their proposals in terms of didactic feasibility (fig.3), it appears clear that the experiential learning approach is not part of \u201dcandidate's DNA\u201d. In the majority of case (60%) the planned…
Operations research proceedings, 1997
ABSTRACT
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2022
This paper aims at investing a twofold objective: on the one hand it tries to highlight the conse... more This paper aims at investing a twofold objective: on the one hand it tries to highlight the consequences of the changes in the cost-sharing amount on public drug expenditure and, on the other, to assess whether public and private expenditure may substitute each other, with particular reference to the Italian case. The analysis was carried out both nationwide and on a regional basis for the four-year period from 1997 to 2000, considered jointly, separately and by couples of years. The results of our specific investigations confirm the hypothesis that the variability of expenditure among Regions and time periods is significantly influenced by co-payment exemption
International Review of Economics, 2009
Applied Financial Economics, 1996
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the curre... more RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the current state-of-the-art and tendencies of Europeanisation of European businesses and onceptualisation of modelling the Europeanisation process of businesses and their strategies. Krzysztof Wach creative synthesis and systematics of the output of economic sciences within the scope of business Europeanisation, which includes three overlapping areas, namely the theory of the firm, the theory of internationalisation and the theory of international entrepreneurship, all of them developed both in economics and in management. On the other hand, the work is an attempt of the conceptualization of the business Europeanisation process in the holistic, inter-disciplinary representation. The search for universal determinants and mechanisms of business Europeanisation was determined by several purposes which were achieved in the course of the undertaken research works. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article proposes a conceptual framework to analyse Europeanization of a firm in its business environment, with its internal characteristics such as competitiveness and flexibility to focus on the factors, mechanisms, fields and sense of Europeanization. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the in-depth literature study and as the contribution the Author suggest that Europeanization strategies are assigned into four fields of an adapted internationalization matrix: Pan-European, Sub-European, Euromultiterritorial and Eurominimalistic strategies.
Lots of studies were produced in the past decade on the importance of the quality of the institut... more Lots of studies were produced in the past decade on the importance of the quality of the institutions for economic development. Several authors focused on the indicators provided by Doing Business (World Bank) to highlight the main factors favouring or rather limiting the economic development. But to what extent do governance, the institutions, both public and private, and the business environment actually affect economic performances? This paper is an attempt to answer this question through the analysis of panel data that contains this kind of information. The results of the analysis are statistically significant and confirm the importance of these variables as determinants of the income in the countries under study. In particular, a positive relation is observed between the income and a high degree of domestic and international confidence, ensured by qualitatively high levels of the governance, the institutions, as well as of the so-called business environment. - Come e quanto gov...
This work, consisting a part of a wider study on the determinants of the costs of the Italian cre... more This work, consisting a part of a wider study on the determinants of the costs of the Italian credit system and on any scale scale and scope economies available in the same, reviews the Italian banking system, characterized in the past few decades by deep changes, mainly due to the new applicable bank legislation, to a progressive European integration, and the natural decline of interest rates. In order to better exploit the growth of the capital market, banks undertook a significant number of mergers with other banks or brokerage companies. Thus the size of the banking institutions and their ability to diversify their offer to customers play a relevant role: a preliminary empirical review, with data referred to the year 1998 and 1999, tries to outline the scope and the consequences of this phenomenon.
This work is aimed at providing a general survey of the evolution of corporate governance in the ... more This work is aimed at providing a general survey of the evolution of corporate governance in the Italian banking system.
Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
This paper deals with the issue of the weak growth in Italian labor productivity with particular ... more This paper deals with the issue of the weak growth in Italian labor productivity with particular reference to the period between 2000 and 2016. In analyzing the data relating to labor productivity, the influence of capital productivity and multifactor productivity were also considered. The analysis shows how the weak growth in labor productivity is due to some peculiar structural aspects of the Italian production system. At the end of the paper some comments are offered on possible policy interventions.
Studi in Onore Di Mario Pisani Vol 3 2010 Pags 853 867, 2010
Economia Internazionale International Economics, 2013