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Papers by Paola Vitaglione

British Journal of Nutrition, 2016

Mounting evidence showed that bitter-tasting compounds modulate eating behaviour through bitter t... more Mounting evidence showed that bitter-tasting compounds modulate eating behaviour through bitter taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of microencapsulated bitter compounds on human appetite and energy intakes. A microencapsulated bitter ingredient (EBI) with a core of bitter Gentiana lutea root extract and a coating of ethylcellulose–stearate was developed and included in a vanilla microencapsulated bitter ingredient-enriched pudding (EBIP). The coating masked bitterness in the mouth, allowing the release of bitter secoiridoids in the gastrointestinal tract. A cross-over randomised study was performed: twenty healthy subjects consumed at breakfast EBIP (providing 100 mg of secoiridoids) or the control pudding (CP) on two different occasions. Blood samples, glycaemia and appetite ratings were collected at baseline and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after breakfast. Gastrointestinal peptides, endocannabinoids (EC) and N-acylethanolamines ...

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2014

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2011

Translational Research, 2014

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 2004

The authors conducted a study to verify whether supplementation with an antioxidant-rich tomato-b... more The authors conducted a study to verify whether supplementation with an antioxidant-rich tomato-based functional food reduces anemia during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the physiopathology of hemolytic anemia during ribavirin therapy. The efficacy of antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C and E as pure compounds, is still controversial. A functional food with a high content of natural antioxidants and with high carotenoid bioavailability was developed. The authors enrolled 92 patients with chronic hepatitis C, treated with standard combination therapy. Forty-six of them received a daily dose (100 g) of functional food (group 1), and 46 did not (group 2). The effect of antioxidant activity was assessed comparing compliance with the full dose of ribavirin and hemoglobin levels during the first 3 months of treatment. Only 8.7% of patients in group 1 had to reduce their daily ribavirin dose, whereas ribavirin reduction was necessary for 30.4% of patients in group 2 (P = 0.09). Hemoglobin levels showed significant differences at 15, 30, and 90 days during the observation time. Results demonstrated that the authors' functional food reduces the severity of ribavirin-related anemia and improves the tolerance to the full dose of ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 07315724 2010 10719824, Jun 8, 2013

Increasing viscous dietary fiber in snacks may have several nutritional advantages, especially fo... more Increasing viscous dietary fiber in snacks may have several nutritional advantages, especially for adolescents. Having a snack that may exert direct health benefits and that may, at the same time, contribute to the voluntary reduction of energy intake through modulation of appetite may be a useful dietary strategy for energy control in adolescence. In this short-term study, a new type of biscuit containing 5.2% barley beta-glucan was produced and its effect on appetite moods and food intake was investigated. Twenty healthy adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to receive, as a midmorning snack, a 628 kJ (SP) or 1884 kJ (LP) preload of barley beta-glucan-enriched (BB) or control (CB) biscuits. Appetite ratings before and within 2 hours following the snack, as well as the energy intake at lunch, were recorded. For all sensations, a peak at 15 minutes post-snack and a subsequent return to baseline value were shown. A decrease of the area under the curve (AUC) of the desire to eat and an increase of the AUC of fullness and satiety were recorded with SP-BB compared to SP-CB. The energy intake recorded at the lunch test was always significantly lower than that at the control lunch only in females (3048 kJ vs. 3890 kJ) independently from the type of snack consumed. Total energy intake significantly correlated with preload values both in females and in males, but not with the type of biscuit. Nutritional composition of meals consumed ad libitum did not vary significantly from those with different preloads. The BB, consumed as a midmorning snack, although able to influence appetite ratings, did not modify food intake in a short time period.

Microencapsulation and Microspheres for Food Applications, 2015

Journal of Nutrition, 2015

Food palatability increases food intake and may lead to overeating. The mechanisms behind this ob... more Food palatability increases food intake and may lead to overeating. The mechanisms behind this observation are still largely unknown. The aims of this study were the following: 1) to elucidate the plasma responses of endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and gastrointestinal peptides to a palatable (sweet), unpalatable (bitter), and sensory-acceptable (tasteless control) food, and 2) to verify whether some of these bioactive compounds can serve as plasma biomarkers of food liking in humans. Three puddings providing 60 kcal (35% from proteins, 62% from carbohydrates, and 3% from fats) but with different taste were developed. Twenty healthy subjects (11 women and 9 men; mean age 28 y and BMI 22.7 kg/m(2)), selected because they liked the puddings in the order sweet > control > bitter, participated in a randomized crossover study based on a modified sham feeding (MSF) protocol. Blood samples at baseline and every 5 min up to 20 min after the MSF were analyzed for gastrointestinal peptides, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines. Thirty minutes after the MSF, energy intake at an ad libitum breakfast was measured. After the MSF, no response was observed in 7 of 9 gastrointestinal peptides measured. The plasma ghrelin concentration at 20 min after the sweet and bitter puddings was 25% lower than after the control pudding (P = 0.04), and the pancreatic polypeptide response after the sweet pudding was 23% greater than after the bitter pudding (P = 0.02). The plasma response of 2-arachidonoylglycerol after the sweet pudding was 37% and 15% higher than after the bitter (P < 0.001) and control (P = 0.03) puddings, respectively. Trends for greater responses of anandamide (P = 0.06), linoleoylethanolamide (P = 0.07), palmitoylethanolamide (P = 0.06), and oleoylethanolamide (P = 0.09) were found after the sweet pudding than after the bitter pudding. No differences in subsequent energy intake were recorded. The data demonstrated that food palatability influenced some plasma endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine concentrations during the cephalic phase response and indicated that 2-arachidonoylglycerol and pancreatic polypeptide can be used as biomarkers of food liking in humans.

Gut

INTRODUCTION: Being rapid and non-invasive, breath analysis is a promising diagnostic tool althou... more INTRODUCTION: Being rapid and non-invasive, breath analysis is a promising diagnostic tool although difficulties related to data interpretation, reproducibility and sensibility have limited its application. AIMS & METHODS: The aim of the present work was to investigate whether a recently realized direct injection mass spectrometric technique (Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, PTR-ToF-MS) allows the direct and noninvasive diagnosis of cirrhosis as well as the assessment of the disease severity by direct analysis of exhaled breath. Twelve patients (M/F 8/4, mean age 70.5, range 42−80 years) with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies and status and 14 healthy subjects (M/F 5/9, mean age 52.3, range 35−77 years) were enrolled in the study. The etiology of cirrhosis was viral in 9 (8 HCV and 1 HBV) and metabolic in 3. The Child-Pugh class was A in 6 patients, B in 3, and C in the remaining 3 patients. Real time breath analysis was performed using a buffered end...

The Journal of nutrition, 2007

The metabolic fate of dietary anthocyanins (ACN) has not been fully clarified in humans. In all p... more The metabolic fate of dietary anthocyanins (ACN) has not been fully clarified in humans. In all previous studies, the proportion of total ACN absorbed and excreted in urine was <1% intake. This study aimed to elucidate the human metabolism of cyanidin-glucosides (CyG) contained in blood orange juice (BOJ). One liter of BOJ, containing 71 mg CyG, was consumed by 6 healthy, fasting volunteers. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected at baseline and at different times up to 24 h after juice consumption. The content of native CyG, glucuronidated/methylated derivatives, and various phenolic acids was determined by HPLC/MS/MS. The serum maximal concentration of cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc) was 1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/L and that of protocatechuic acid (PCA) was 492 +/- 62 nmol/L at 0.5 h and 2 h after juice consumption, respectively. The calculated total amounts in plasma corresponded for Cy-3-glc to 0.02% and for PCA to 44% of CyG ingested. CyG and glucuronidated/methylated metaboli...

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 2007

Cyanidin and its glycosides (Cy and Cyg) have been indicated as promising candidates as dietary c... more Cyanidin and its glycosides (Cy and Cyg) have been indicated as promising candidates as dietary compounds with a potential role in human health. They are the largest class of water-soluble compounds in plants, where they are responsible for the brilliant color (red, orange, blue) of fruits and flowers. As natural compounds of several foods such as vegetables, fruits and red wines, they are estimated to be widely ingested by humans. This paper, basing on the data previously reviewed in 2002, focuses on the findings regarding human and animal studies on Cy and Cyg absorption and metabolism, antioxidant activity and biological properties, with particular attention to anticarcinogenic activity, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. It is concluded that although Cy and Cyg bioavailability is low, further investigations are necessary because some important metabolites may still not have been identified. Literature data on antioxidant activity and biolo...

Translational Research, 2014

British Journal of Nutrition, 2016

Mounting evidence showed that bitter-tasting compounds modulate eating behaviour through bitter t... more Mounting evidence showed that bitter-tasting compounds modulate eating behaviour through bitter taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of microencapsulated bitter compounds on human appetite and energy intakes. A microencapsulated bitter ingredient (EBI) with a core of bitter Gentiana lutea root extract and a coating of ethylcellulose–stearate was developed and included in a vanilla microencapsulated bitter ingredient-enriched pudding (EBIP). The coating masked bitterness in the mouth, allowing the release of bitter secoiridoids in the gastrointestinal tract. A cross-over randomised study was performed: twenty healthy subjects consumed at breakfast EBIP (providing 100 mg of secoiridoids) or the control pudding (CP) on two different occasions. Blood samples, glycaemia and appetite ratings were collected at baseline and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after breakfast. Gastrointestinal peptides, endocannabinoids (EC) and N-acylethanolamines ...

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2014

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2011

Translational Research, 2014

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 2004

The authors conducted a study to verify whether supplementation with an antioxidant-rich tomato-b... more The authors conducted a study to verify whether supplementation with an antioxidant-rich tomato-based functional food reduces anemia during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the physiopathology of hemolytic anemia during ribavirin therapy. The efficacy of antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C and E as pure compounds, is still controversial. A functional food with a high content of natural antioxidants and with high carotenoid bioavailability was developed. The authors enrolled 92 patients with chronic hepatitis C, treated with standard combination therapy. Forty-six of them received a daily dose (100 g) of functional food (group 1), and 46 did not (group 2). The effect of antioxidant activity was assessed comparing compliance with the full dose of ribavirin and hemoglobin levels during the first 3 months of treatment. Only 8.7% of patients in group 1 had to reduce their daily ribavirin dose, whereas ribavirin reduction was necessary for 30.4% of patients in group 2 (P = 0.09). Hemoglobin levels showed significant differences at 15, 30, and 90 days during the observation time. Results demonstrated that the authors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; functional food reduces the severity of ribavirin-related anemia and improves the tolerance to the full dose of ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 07315724 2010 10719824, Jun 8, 2013

Increasing viscous dietary fiber in snacks may have several nutritional advantages, especially fo... more Increasing viscous dietary fiber in snacks may have several nutritional advantages, especially for adolescents. Having a snack that may exert direct health benefits and that may, at the same time, contribute to the voluntary reduction of energy intake through modulation of appetite may be a useful dietary strategy for energy control in adolescence. In this short-term study, a new type of biscuit containing 5.2% barley beta-glucan was produced and its effect on appetite moods and food intake was investigated. Twenty healthy adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to receive, as a midmorning snack, a 628 kJ (SP) or 1884 kJ (LP) preload of barley beta-glucan-enriched (BB) or control (CB) biscuits. Appetite ratings before and within 2 hours following the snack, as well as the energy intake at lunch, were recorded. For all sensations, a peak at 15 minutes post-snack and a subsequent return to baseline value were shown. A decrease of the area under the curve (AUC) of the desire to eat and an increase of the AUC of fullness and satiety were recorded with SP-BB compared to SP-CB. The energy intake recorded at the lunch test was always significantly lower than that at the control lunch only in females (3048 kJ vs. 3890 kJ) independently from the type of snack consumed. Total energy intake significantly correlated with preload values both in females and in males, but not with the type of biscuit. Nutritional composition of meals consumed ad libitum did not vary significantly from those with different preloads. The BB, consumed as a midmorning snack, although able to influence appetite ratings, did not modify food intake in a short time period.

Microencapsulation and Microspheres for Food Applications, 2015

Journal of Nutrition, 2015

Food palatability increases food intake and may lead to overeating. The mechanisms behind this ob... more Food palatability increases food intake and may lead to overeating. The mechanisms behind this observation are still largely unknown. The aims of this study were the following: 1) to elucidate the plasma responses of endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and gastrointestinal peptides to a palatable (sweet), unpalatable (bitter), and sensory-acceptable (tasteless control) food, and 2) to verify whether some of these bioactive compounds can serve as plasma biomarkers of food liking in humans. Three puddings providing 60 kcal (35% from proteins, 62% from carbohydrates, and 3% from fats) but with different taste were developed. Twenty healthy subjects (11 women and 9 men; mean age 28 y and BMI 22.7 kg/m(2)), selected because they liked the puddings in the order sweet &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; control &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; bitter, participated in a randomized crossover study based on a modified sham feeding (MSF) protocol. Blood samples at baseline and every 5 min up to 20 min after the MSF were analyzed for gastrointestinal peptides, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines. Thirty minutes after the MSF, energy intake at an ad libitum breakfast was measured. After the MSF, no response was observed in 7 of 9 gastrointestinal peptides measured. The plasma ghrelin concentration at 20 min after the sweet and bitter puddings was 25% lower than after the control pudding (P = 0.04), and the pancreatic polypeptide response after the sweet pudding was 23% greater than after the bitter pudding (P = 0.02). The plasma response of 2-arachidonoylglycerol after the sweet pudding was 37% and 15% higher than after the bitter (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and control (P = 0.03) puddings, respectively. Trends for greater responses of anandamide (P = 0.06), linoleoylethanolamide (P = 0.07), palmitoylethanolamide (P = 0.06), and oleoylethanolamide (P = 0.09) were found after the sweet pudding than after the bitter pudding. No differences in subsequent energy intake were recorded. The data demonstrated that food palatability influenced some plasma endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine concentrations during the cephalic phase response and indicated that 2-arachidonoylglycerol and pancreatic polypeptide can be used as biomarkers of food liking in humans.

Gut

INTRODUCTION: Being rapid and non-invasive, breath analysis is a promising diagnostic tool althou... more INTRODUCTION: Being rapid and non-invasive, breath analysis is a promising diagnostic tool although difficulties related to data interpretation, reproducibility and sensibility have limited its application. AIMS & METHODS: The aim of the present work was to investigate whether a recently realized direct injection mass spectrometric technique (Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, PTR-ToF-MS) allows the direct and noninvasive diagnosis of cirrhosis as well as the assessment of the disease severity by direct analysis of exhaled breath. Twelve patients (M/F 8/4, mean age 70.5, range 42−80 years) with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies and status and 14 healthy subjects (M/F 5/9, mean age 52.3, range 35−77 years) were enrolled in the study. The etiology of cirrhosis was viral in 9 (8 HCV and 1 HBV) and metabolic in 3. The Child-Pugh class was A in 6 patients, B in 3, and C in the remaining 3 patients. Real time breath analysis was performed using a buffered end...

The Journal of nutrition, 2007

The metabolic fate of dietary anthocyanins (ACN) has not been fully clarified in humans. In all p... more The metabolic fate of dietary anthocyanins (ACN) has not been fully clarified in humans. In all previous studies, the proportion of total ACN absorbed and excreted in urine was <1% intake. This study aimed to elucidate the human metabolism of cyanidin-glucosides (CyG) contained in blood orange juice (BOJ). One liter of BOJ, containing 71 mg CyG, was consumed by 6 healthy, fasting volunteers. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected at baseline and at different times up to 24 h after juice consumption. The content of native CyG, glucuronidated/methylated derivatives, and various phenolic acids was determined by HPLC/MS/MS. The serum maximal concentration of cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc) was 1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/L and that of protocatechuic acid (PCA) was 492 +/- 62 nmol/L at 0.5 h and 2 h after juice consumption, respectively. The calculated total amounts in plasma corresponded for Cy-3-glc to 0.02% and for PCA to 44% of CyG ingested. CyG and glucuronidated/methylated metaboli...

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 2007

Cyanidin and its glycosides (Cy and Cyg) have been indicated as promising candidates as dietary c... more Cyanidin and its glycosides (Cy and Cyg) have been indicated as promising candidates as dietary compounds with a potential role in human health. They are the largest class of water-soluble compounds in plants, where they are responsible for the brilliant color (red, orange, blue) of fruits and flowers. As natural compounds of several foods such as vegetables, fruits and red wines, they are estimated to be widely ingested by humans. This paper, basing on the data previously reviewed in 2002, focuses on the findings regarding human and animal studies on Cy and Cyg absorption and metabolism, antioxidant activity and biological properties, with particular attention to anticarcinogenic activity, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. It is concluded that although Cy and Cyg bioavailability is low, further investigations are necessary because some important metabolites may still not have been identified. Literature data on antioxidant activity and biolo...

Translational Research, 2014