Augusto Andreana | Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (original) (raw)
Papers by Augusto Andreana
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society
Giornale italiano di chemioterapia
Ann Ital Med …, 2005
da virus dell'epatite C (HCV) è la più frequente nel mondo ed è la principale causa di carcinoma ... more da virus dell'epatite C (HCV) è la più frequente nel mondo ed è la principale causa di carcinoma epatocellulare e di cirrosi in lista d'attesa per trapianto di fegato 7 . Diversamente da quanto osservato nell'infezione cronica da virus dell'epatite B e nelle epatopatie autoimmuni, l'infezione da HCV si associa a steatosi epatica in una percentuale significativamente più elevata di casi 8-10 ed è in questi un importante cofattore di malattia che promuove la progressione del danno epatico 11-13 . La steatosi osservata in corso di infezione da HCV è considerata un'entità nosografica autonoma 14,15 .
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese
Infection and Immunity
The effects of tolerance to Escherichia coli endotoxin on the phagocytic and bactericidal activit... more The effects of tolerance to Escherichia coli endotoxin on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable E. coli were examined using ex vivo perfused rat livers. Livers were isolated from control and endotoxin-tolerant rats and perfused with a medium containing 5% homologous serum from either control or tolerant rats. After the addition of the E. coli (2 x 107 cells per ml) to the perfusate, the hepatic clearance of the bacteria was followed for 30 min. The highest activation of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system was observed when serum from tolerant animals was added to the perfusate. Under these conditions phagocytosis was 47% (12% in controls), and 37 to 38% of the bacteria were killed (5% in controls). This activation was less when livers obtained from tolerant rats were perfused with serum from controls or with saline only. The data suggests that, during endotoxin tolerance, humoral factors play an important role in the activation of the hepatic reticulendothelial system, although a direct stimulation of Kupffer cells also occurs. The enhancement of phagocytosis by tolerant serum did not require the presence of homologous antibodies and involved the activation of the alternative complement pathway, since it was lost after removal of factor B activity. On the other hand, stimulation of intracellular killing required both complement and specific antibodies. The data suggest a role of endotoxin in the activation of humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in the host resistance to gram-negative bacterial infection.
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie
Of 173 patients, mostly suffering from collagen diseases and rheumatoid disease, the HBs antigen ... more Of 173 patients, mostly suffering from collagen diseases and rheumatoid disease, the HBs antigen (HBsAg) was present in 1.73%. This figure is no higher than that observed among blood donors from the same area (Naples and surroundings). One HBsAg positive patient suffered from chronic active hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis; another from chronic active hepatitis and a secondary type of reticuloendotheliosis; the third was one of seven patients with psoriatic arthritis. HBsAg was not found in any of 48 patients with other collagen diseases, including 22 patients with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. These data do not support the hypothesis based on observations of polyarteritis nodosa that HBsAg plays an ethiopathogenetic role in collagen diseases with serious vasculitis.
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese
The clearance of S. typhi Ty 2 and of a S. aureus strain by the isolated rat liver perfused in vi... more The clearance of S. typhi Ty 2 and of a S. aureus strain by the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro with a synthetic serum free perfusate was studied. Bacteria were added to the perfusate at the initial concentration of 1x10(8) cells/ml. During perfusions the perfusate was sampled; after 30 min bile and liver samples were obtained and used for viable bacterial counts. After 30 min the amount of bacteria phagocytized greatly differed from one strain to the other: 30% for S. typhi Ty 2 and 100% for S. aureus. The end amount of viable bacteria recovered in the isolated liver was 7% for S. typhi Ty 2 and 80% for S. Aureus, thus indicating that for the latter strain greater clearance was not associated with an equally fast intracellular death.
Acta hepato-gastroenterologica
Liver efficiency in clearing circulating BCG (Clamette-Guèrin bacillus) was studied using the iso... more Liver efficiency in clearing circulating BCG (Clamette-Guèrin bacillus) was studied using the isolated rat liver. Bacteria were added to the perfusate at a concentration of 1 X 10(6) cells/ml, and the medium was then sampled at subsequent intervals for 6 hours in 2 perfusions and for 1 hour in 7 perfusions. At the end of all perfusions, liver and bile samples were obtained and used for viable bacterial counts. For each perfusion the bactericidal activity which might have been exerted by serum present in the perfusate was also investigated. About 95% of BCG disappeared from the perfusate after 6 hours of perfusions, and 90% after 1 hour. Recovery of viable bacteria in the liver at 60 minutes averaged 80% of the inoculum. Recovery in bile was negligible. Control experiments indicated that extrahepatic factors in possible reduction of bacterial concentration in the perfusate did not interfere with hepatic removal, per se.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
The uptake of labeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by isolated and perfused rat liver has been comp... more The uptake of labeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by isolated and perfused rat liver has been compared to that of methionine: the rate of incorporation of the amino acid exceeds by about three times that of the sulfonium compound. S-Adenosylmethionine transport system shows saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 59,5 microM and is energy-dependent, as demonstrated by the inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Growth of S. aureus in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole alone (at 1/5 ... more Growth of S. aureus in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole alone (at 1/5 the MIC) or with gentamicin (both at 1/5 the MIC) produced large, globular cells with reduced viability (50%) as compared to untreated bacteria. Gentamicin (1/5 the MIC) did not modify bacteria and also reduced viability of inoculum (57% vs. controls). Cefamandole treated bacteria were more susceptible to the rat serum bactericidal activity then control bacteria. The growth of S. aureus in the presence of cefamandole plus gentamicin did not modify further bacterial susceptibility to serum opsonins. The data suggest that even at subinhibitory concentrations cefamandole may exert an antibacterial effect by acting in cooperation with serum factors.
Chemioterapia: international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy
We evaluated whether the exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to a subinhibitory concentration of pe... more We evaluated whether the exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to a subinhibitory concentration of penicillin and cefamandole could modify its susceptibility to rat serum factors and to the phagocytic activity of the isolated and perfused rat liver. Control or sub-MIC treated bacteria were added to the circulating medium which contained homologous serum, and the disappearance of bacteria from the perfusate and their recovery in the liver was determined during the 10 min experimental time. Sub-MIC treated bacteria were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of serum present in the perfusate. However, the clearance rate of bacteria by the liver was decreased for penicillin-treated organisms and unchanged for cefamandole-treated bacteria. The data suggest that beta-lactam antibiotics at sub-MIC levels may modify S. aureus susceptibility to host defense mechanisms.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Ionophore A23187, an agent that promoves Ca2+ influx into cells, significantly increases enzymati... more Ionophore A23187, an agent that promoves Ca2+ influx into cells, significantly increases enzymatic leakage of AST and LDH into the medium by perfused rat livers. This work provides evidence that Ca2+ dependent hepatotoxicity can be studied conveniently in vitro whit isolated and perfused rat livers, since this model respects integrity of organ and duplicates many its in vivo functions.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Hepatic RES is depressed in chronic alcholic intoxication and we have previously observed a signi... more Hepatic RES is depressed in chronic alcholic intoxication and we have previously observed a significant reduction of killing of E.coli by the Kupffer cells of the isolated rat liver. In the present study rats treated with ethanol for 3 weeks, were given levamisole and then the clearance of E. coli, by the isolated liver, was followed. Levamisole 10mg/kg i.p. for 3 days, restored the depression of intracellular killing induced by ethanol. At the dosage of 2,5 mg/kg of levamisole this effect was not present. Changes of humoral factors were not involved in the phenomenon because sera from untreated anaimals were present in the perfusate for all sets of experiments.
Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society
The effect of chronic ethanol feeding (3 weeks) on the phagocytic and the bactericidal activity o... more The effect of chronic ethanol feeding (3 weeks) on the phagocytic and the bactericidal activity of hepatic RES versus viable Escherichia coli was studied using the isolated rat liver perfused with a serum-containing medium. Controls or ethanol-fed animals were used as liver or serum donors. The bactericidal activity of serum from ethanol-fed rats was similar to controls and accounted for the disappearance of nearly one-tenth of the bacterial inoculum from the system. When control livers were perfused with a medium containing serum from ethanol-fed animals, phagocytosis was comparable to controls while intracellular killing was greatly reduced. When livers were isolated from ethanol-fed rats, phagocytosis was significantly depressed and no killing occurred, irrespective of the source of serum. Levamisole was able to restore the macrophage activity depressed by ethanol. Our data indicate that the direct effect of ethanol on hepatic macrophages plays a major role in reducing the bactericidal activity of hepatic RES, although alterations of serum factors may contribute to an ineffective preparation of bacteria for intracellular killing.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Incubation of E.coli and S. aureus with subinhibitory concentration (1/5 MIC) of cefamandole modi... more Incubation of E.coli and S. aureus with subinhibitory concentration (1/5 MIC) of cefamandole modified bacterial morphology and resistance to host defence mechanisms. In fact, cefamandole induced filamentous forms of E. coli, when added to the perfusing medium of the isolated rat liver system, were phagocytized at a much fortes rate then control bacteria, but appeared less sensitive to serum bactericidal activity. In contrast, S.aureus, after exposure to the antibiotic, was more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of serum then controls, while treated and untreated cells were phagocytized at the some rate. The data suggest that even at low doses some antibiotics may alter bacterial structure and increase their susceptibility to host factors.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
The effects of chronic ethanolic intoxication on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the ... more The effects of chronic ethanolic intoxication on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable Escherichia coli were examined using be in vitro perfused at liver system. Livers were isolated from control and ethanol treated animals (3 week) and perfused with a red cell-free medium containing 4% homologous serum from control rats. After addition of E. coli (2 X 10(7) cell/ml) to the perfusing medium hepatic clearance of bacteria was measured by determining the recovery of viable cells in the perfusate, liver and bile after 30 min experimental time. Livers from ethanol treated animal showed a slightly lower phagocytic activity respect control animals, but were not able to kill phagocytized bacteria (20% intraphagocytic killing occurred in control livers). Our date suggest that the higher susceptibility toward infections with gram negative bacteria during chronic ethanol intoxication might be mediated by a impairment of functional activity of hepatic macrophages which may be independent of changes in serum opsonins.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
1. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;250:229-38. Studies on human serum 5'-deoxy-5'- methylthioade... more 1. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;250:229-38. Studies on human serum 5'-deoxy-5'- methylthioadenosine phosphorylase: molecular properties and clinical perspectives. Russo GL, Della Ragione F, Utili R, Andreana A, Ruggiero G, Zappia V. ...
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society
Giornale italiano di chemioterapia
Ann Ital Med …, 2005
da virus dell'epatite C (HCV) è la più frequente nel mondo ed è la principale causa di carcinoma ... more da virus dell'epatite C (HCV) è la più frequente nel mondo ed è la principale causa di carcinoma epatocellulare e di cirrosi in lista d'attesa per trapianto di fegato 7 . Diversamente da quanto osservato nell'infezione cronica da virus dell'epatite B e nelle epatopatie autoimmuni, l'infezione da HCV si associa a steatosi epatica in una percentuale significativamente più elevata di casi 8-10 ed è in questi un importante cofattore di malattia che promuove la progressione del danno epatico 11-13 . La steatosi osservata in corso di infezione da HCV è considerata un'entità nosografica autonoma 14,15 .
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese
Infection and Immunity
The effects of tolerance to Escherichia coli endotoxin on the phagocytic and bactericidal activit... more The effects of tolerance to Escherichia coli endotoxin on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable E. coli were examined using ex vivo perfused rat livers. Livers were isolated from control and endotoxin-tolerant rats and perfused with a medium containing 5% homologous serum from either control or tolerant rats. After the addition of the E. coli (2 x 107 cells per ml) to the perfusate, the hepatic clearance of the bacteria was followed for 30 min. The highest activation of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system was observed when serum from tolerant animals was added to the perfusate. Under these conditions phagocytosis was 47% (12% in controls), and 37 to 38% of the bacteria were killed (5% in controls). This activation was less when livers obtained from tolerant rats were perfused with serum from controls or with saline only. The data suggests that, during endotoxin tolerance, humoral factors play an important role in the activation of the hepatic reticulendothelial system, although a direct stimulation of Kupffer cells also occurs. The enhancement of phagocytosis by tolerant serum did not require the presence of homologous antibodies and involved the activation of the alternative complement pathway, since it was lost after removal of factor B activity. On the other hand, stimulation of intracellular killing required both complement and specific antibodies. The data suggest a role of endotoxin in the activation of humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in the host resistance to gram-negative bacterial infection.
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie
Of 173 patients, mostly suffering from collagen diseases and rheumatoid disease, the HBs antigen ... more Of 173 patients, mostly suffering from collagen diseases and rheumatoid disease, the HBs antigen (HBsAg) was present in 1.73%. This figure is no higher than that observed among blood donors from the same area (Naples and surroundings). One HBsAg positive patient suffered from chronic active hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis; another from chronic active hepatitis and a secondary type of reticuloendotheliosis; the third was one of seven patients with psoriatic arthritis. HBsAg was not found in any of 48 patients with other collagen diseases, including 22 patients with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. These data do not support the hypothesis based on observations of polyarteritis nodosa that HBsAg plays an ethiopathogenetic role in collagen diseases with serious vasculitis.
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese
The clearance of S. typhi Ty 2 and of a S. aureus strain by the isolated rat liver perfused in vi... more The clearance of S. typhi Ty 2 and of a S. aureus strain by the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro with a synthetic serum free perfusate was studied. Bacteria were added to the perfusate at the initial concentration of 1x10(8) cells/ml. During perfusions the perfusate was sampled; after 30 min bile and liver samples were obtained and used for viable bacterial counts. After 30 min the amount of bacteria phagocytized greatly differed from one strain to the other: 30% for S. typhi Ty 2 and 100% for S. aureus. The end amount of viable bacteria recovered in the isolated liver was 7% for S. typhi Ty 2 and 80% for S. Aureus, thus indicating that for the latter strain greater clearance was not associated with an equally fast intracellular death.
Acta hepato-gastroenterologica
Liver efficiency in clearing circulating BCG (Clamette-Guèrin bacillus) was studied using the iso... more Liver efficiency in clearing circulating BCG (Clamette-Guèrin bacillus) was studied using the isolated rat liver. Bacteria were added to the perfusate at a concentration of 1 X 10(6) cells/ml, and the medium was then sampled at subsequent intervals for 6 hours in 2 perfusions and for 1 hour in 7 perfusions. At the end of all perfusions, liver and bile samples were obtained and used for viable bacterial counts. For each perfusion the bactericidal activity which might have been exerted by serum present in the perfusate was also investigated. About 95% of BCG disappeared from the perfusate after 6 hours of perfusions, and 90% after 1 hour. Recovery of viable bacteria in the liver at 60 minutes averaged 80% of the inoculum. Recovery in bile was negligible. Control experiments indicated that extrahepatic factors in possible reduction of bacterial concentration in the perfusate did not interfere with hepatic removal, per se.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
The uptake of labeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by isolated and perfused rat liver has been comp... more The uptake of labeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by isolated and perfused rat liver has been compared to that of methionine: the rate of incorporation of the amino acid exceeds by about three times that of the sulfonium compound. S-Adenosylmethionine transport system shows saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 59,5 microM and is energy-dependent, as demonstrated by the inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Growth of S. aureus in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole alone (at 1/5 ... more Growth of S. aureus in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole alone (at 1/5 the MIC) or with gentamicin (both at 1/5 the MIC) produced large, globular cells with reduced viability (50%) as compared to untreated bacteria. Gentamicin (1/5 the MIC) did not modify bacteria and also reduced viability of inoculum (57% vs. controls). Cefamandole treated bacteria were more susceptible to the rat serum bactericidal activity then control bacteria. The growth of S. aureus in the presence of cefamandole plus gentamicin did not modify further bacterial susceptibility to serum opsonins. The data suggest that even at subinhibitory concentrations cefamandole may exert an antibacterial effect by acting in cooperation with serum factors.
Chemioterapia: international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy
We evaluated whether the exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to a subinhibitory concentration of pe... more We evaluated whether the exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to a subinhibitory concentration of penicillin and cefamandole could modify its susceptibility to rat serum factors and to the phagocytic activity of the isolated and perfused rat liver. Control or sub-MIC treated bacteria were added to the circulating medium which contained homologous serum, and the disappearance of bacteria from the perfusate and their recovery in the liver was determined during the 10 min experimental time. Sub-MIC treated bacteria were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of serum present in the perfusate. However, the clearance rate of bacteria by the liver was decreased for penicillin-treated organisms and unchanged for cefamandole-treated bacteria. The data suggest that beta-lactam antibiotics at sub-MIC levels may modify S. aureus susceptibility to host defense mechanisms.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Ionophore A23187, an agent that promoves Ca2+ influx into cells, significantly increases enzymati... more Ionophore A23187, an agent that promoves Ca2+ influx into cells, significantly increases enzymatic leakage of AST and LDH into the medium by perfused rat livers. This work provides evidence that Ca2+ dependent hepatotoxicity can be studied conveniently in vitro whit isolated and perfused rat livers, since this model respects integrity of organ and duplicates many its in vivo functions.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Hepatic RES is depressed in chronic alcholic intoxication and we have previously observed a signi... more Hepatic RES is depressed in chronic alcholic intoxication and we have previously observed a significant reduction of killing of E.coli by the Kupffer cells of the isolated rat liver. In the present study rats treated with ethanol for 3 weeks, were given levamisole and then the clearance of E. coli, by the isolated liver, was followed. Levamisole 10mg/kg i.p. for 3 days, restored the depression of intracellular killing induced by ethanol. At the dosage of 2,5 mg/kg of levamisole this effect was not present. Changes of humoral factors were not involved in the phenomenon because sera from untreated anaimals were present in the perfusate for all sets of experiments.
Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society
The effect of chronic ethanol feeding (3 weeks) on the phagocytic and the bactericidal activity o... more The effect of chronic ethanol feeding (3 weeks) on the phagocytic and the bactericidal activity of hepatic RES versus viable Escherichia coli was studied using the isolated rat liver perfused with a serum-containing medium. Controls or ethanol-fed animals were used as liver or serum donors. The bactericidal activity of serum from ethanol-fed rats was similar to controls and accounted for the disappearance of nearly one-tenth of the bacterial inoculum from the system. When control livers were perfused with a medium containing serum from ethanol-fed animals, phagocytosis was comparable to controls while intracellular killing was greatly reduced. When livers were isolated from ethanol-fed rats, phagocytosis was significantly depressed and no killing occurred, irrespective of the source of serum. Levamisole was able to restore the macrophage activity depressed by ethanol. Our data indicate that the direct effect of ethanol on hepatic macrophages plays a major role in reducing the bactericidal activity of hepatic RES, although alterations of serum factors may contribute to an ineffective preparation of bacteria for intracellular killing.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
Incubation of E.coli and S. aureus with subinhibitory concentration (1/5 MIC) of cefamandole modi... more Incubation of E.coli and S. aureus with subinhibitory concentration (1/5 MIC) of cefamandole modified bacterial morphology and resistance to host defence mechanisms. In fact, cefamandole induced filamentous forms of E. coli, when added to the perfusing medium of the isolated rat liver system, were phagocytized at a much fortes rate then control bacteria, but appeared less sensitive to serum bactericidal activity. In contrast, S.aureus, after exposure to the antibiotic, was more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of serum then controls, while treated and untreated cells were phagocytized at the some rate. The data suggest that even at low doses some antibiotics may alter bacterial structure and increase their susceptibility to host factors.
Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale
The effects of chronic ethanolic intoxication on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the ... more The effects of chronic ethanolic intoxication on the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system against viable Escherichia coli were examined using be in vitro perfused at liver system. Livers were isolated from control and ethanol treated animals (3 week) and perfused with a red cell-free medium containing 4% homologous serum from control rats. After addition of E. coli (2 X 10(7) cell/ml) to the perfusing medium hepatic clearance of bacteria was measured by determining the recovery of viable cells in the perfusate, liver and bile after 30 min experimental time. Livers from ethanol treated animal showed a slightly lower phagocytic activity respect control animals, but were not able to kill phagocytized bacteria (20% intraphagocytic killing occurred in control livers). Our date suggest that the higher susceptibility toward infections with gram negative bacteria during chronic ethanol intoxication might be mediated by a impairment of functional activity of hepatic macrophages which may be independent of changes in serum opsonins.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
1. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;250:229-38. Studies on human serum 5'-deoxy-5'- methylthioade... more 1. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;250:229-38. Studies on human serum 5'-deoxy-5'- methylthioadenosine phosphorylase: molecular properties and clinical perspectives. Russo GL, Della Ragione F, Utili R, Andreana A, Ruggiero G, Zappia V. ...