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Papers by francesco schettino

Cadernos do GPOSSHE On-line, 2019

O artigo está organizado da seguinte forma no primeiro parágrafo e será expresso o conflito que g... more O artigo está organizado da seguinte forma no primeiro parágrafo e será expresso o conflito que gera entre capitais em sua multiplicidade, ou seja, na luta competitiva. Posteriormente, o papel da inovação como meio de coerção da classe dominante será identificado. Finalmente, serão examinadas as razões pelas quais, na sua singularidade, o capital gera muitas das patologias que tendem a colocá-lo como um limite em si.

Patent or article citations reflect the consequences of a published idea on the discovery of new ... more Patent or article citations reflect the consequences of a published idea on the discovery of new ideas. We draw a simple theoretical model predicting that the shape of the future citations of an idea can reveal the complexity of its innovative research spillover. We apply this method to the patent forward citations in the US industries. J.E.L. Classification: O31, O33

Esse artigo aplica uma ferramenta nao parametrica, a “distribuicao relativa”, para identificar pa... more Esse artigo aplica uma ferramenta nao parametrica, a “distribuicao relativa”, para identificar padroes de mudancas na distribuicao de renda familiar durante o periodo de 2001 a 2011 no Brasil. Apesar da aguda declinacao na desigualdade da renda recentemente experimentada pelo pais, somo aptos a documentar uma elevada polarizacao da renda, que tem afetado particularmente familias abaixo da media. Os resultados nos levam a questionar a sustentabilidade e a igualdade futuras dos programas sociais existentes que lidam com a desigual distribuicao de recursos.

Typescript prepared by Judy Hartley for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financia... more Typescript prepared by Judy Hartley for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme from the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy-making. Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world.

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2021

In the remainder of this paper we will use simply the term "income distribution," implicitly refe... more In the remainder of this paper we will use simply the term "income distribution," implicitly referring both to monetary (income and expenditures) and not-monetary distribution studies.

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2020

With increasing income inequality in the US over the last few decades, what has happened to the m... more With increasing income inequality in the US over the last few decades, what has happened to the middle class? The aggregate inequality indexes don't answer this question. We employ Relative Distribution tools and use the ASEC-CPS dataset in order to provide an analysis of the US income distribution and trace the impact of inequality on the middle class. We observe confirming the Pew study of 2016a typical polarization profile has emerged during 1998-2018 with a shift of many middle class families towards the lower end of income distribution. The hypothesis of the hollowing out of the middle class in the US starting with the age of Reaganomics is also confirmed. We also find some preliminary evidence for intersectionality , i.e. race, class and gender working together in a vicious cycle for the disadvantaged. Policies to counteract these tendencies must be anti-polarization policies along with those of relatively more egalitarian growth.

Policy Research Working Papers, 2019

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encoura... more The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018

The creation of national middle classes and the changes in consumption patterns in many Sub-Sahar... more The creation of national middle classes and the changes in consumption patterns in many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries suggest reconsidering the way welfare and consequently inequality is typically measured. Using only consumption to measure welfare can lead to an important loss of information regarding the real welfare of the top 10-20 percent of the welfare distribution that is generally referred to as “middle class” in these countries. This paper proposes a method capable of correcting the middle-class part of the consumption distribution using information coming from the income distribution of the same surveys. Results from 6 SSA countries indicate an increase of about 20 percent in the Gini index.

Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2018

Recently, a trend towards increasing inequality has been detected in both developed and developin... more Recently, a trend towards increasing inequality has been detected in both developed and developing countries. Most of these studies have been focusing on formal monetary variables, since capitalism is a socioeconomic system where monetary relations play a paramount role. However, the distribution of non-monetary assets is also very important, especially so in less developed countries. This paper applies a PCA methodology to analyse the distribution of non-monetary wealth in Cuba, a socialist country where the role of monetary relations is relatively minor. Utilizing the MICS-UNICEF ‘microdata’, the paper provides for the first time an estimation of wealth distribution for three years (2006, 2011, 2014), by area and region. The main results show a non-monotonic wealth inequality reduction. The initial worsening (2006–11) is more than counterbalanced by a recent improvement (2011–14).

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2017

This paper investigates the existence and nature of knowledge-spillovers at the micro-level and, ... more This paper investigates the existence and nature of knowledge-spillovers at the micro-level and, in turn, the capacity of firms to absorb new ideas generated in R&D laboratories. It evaluates the merits for a firm of attracting or retaining "key" inventors, or assembling a wide team of inventors. First, using the EPO-OECD data, we identify "key" and "normal" inventors by means of the Hill's estimator. Then, we test the hypothesis that the presence of one "key" inventor in a firm's R&D laboratory would have a positive effect on the Italian firms output. Our results are threefold: 1) the patent portfolio positively affects the value of production; 2) the simple presence of "key" inventors in a R&D laboratory does not significantly affect the output; 3) for a given number of patent applications by firm, a less concentrated patents distribution across inventors employed in the same R&D laboratory makes a positive impact on the production.

provided useful feedback on some of the modeling in an earlier version of the report. We would al... more provided useful feedback on some of the modeling in an earlier version of the report. We would also like to thank the Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics for their collaboration and willingness to share their data and the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Economic Society for their useful feedbacks. Final editing was done by Robert Zimmermann xii country is facing. Two sets of policies are proposed: distribution-blind interventions and povertytargeted interventions. Among the distribution-blind interventions, priority should be given to those aimed at diversifying the Nigerian economy away from oil. Rapid diversification in growth and more job creation in Nigeria depend on the twin forces of industry and service-driven wages in urban areas and agricultural productivity in rural areas. Policy interventions should thus focus on increasing the number of jobs in the modern private sector, boosting the productivity of traditional economic sectors, and fostering the occupational and geographical mobility of workers. The poverty-targeted interventions could, on the other hand, directly reduce the gap between the southern and northern zones by tapping the potential of the northern zones. The first set of policy interventions pertains to the demographic dividend. Nigeria, particular the north, needs to implement policies aimed at generating the kind of demographic dividend that has played an important role in the growth of East Asia and other economies. The second set is directed toward the provision of basic services and infrastructure. Reducing the north-south divide requires a renewed effort to expand the supply of basic services, ranging from education to water and sanitation, and basic infrastructures, such as secondary roads and electricity. Finally, great emphasis should be put on constructing a social safety net system at the federal level. If well targeted, social protection can help reduce the inefficiencies in the allocation of resources and boost the productive potential of individuals and communities by breaking the vicious circle that links inequalities in income and opportunity across generations.

Revista Políticas Públicas, 2014

Este trabalho investiga as causas, a evolução e as perspectivas da crise econômica desde o colaps... more Este trabalho investiga as causas, a evolução e as perspectivas da crise econômica desde o colapso do Lehman Brothers, até a atualidade, isto é, a crise da dívida dos países do sul da União Europeia. Por meio do instrumental teórico marxista, o artigo explica as razões pelas quais tal crise pode ser considerada crise capitalista típica, uma vez que a superprodução e a queda relativa da taxa de lucro são fatores comuns na parte predominante do mundo. Desta forma excluímos drasticamente a interpretação de alguns pesquisadores que sustentam sua natureza financeira atribuindo a responsabilidade ao comportamento de um pequeno número de capitais (agências de rating etc.). Ao interpretara evolução atual da crise pela guerra intracapitalista, mostramos como o capital, atrelado ao dólar, desencadeou as principais consequências da crise – originada nos EUA na década de Setenta do séc. XX – nos países da UE.Palavras-chave: Crise capitalista, queda da taxa de lucro, dívida da EU.THE LAST CRISIS...

Policy Research Working Papers, 2016

Revista Políticas Públicas, 2016

Resumo: O artigo aborda dimensões da relação democracia burguesa e politica econômica, tendo como... more Resumo: O artigo aborda dimensões da relação democracia burguesa e politica econômica, tendo como referência privilegiada da análise a questão da dívida grega explicitada no ano de 2015. Enfatiza que o problema da dívida não se limita à experiência da Grécia ou aos outros países do sul da Europa, ao contrário, é muito mais abrangente e é da própria natureza da produção capitalista, ainda mais em fase de crise. Conclui que o caso grego evidencia que a democracia burguesa, cada vez mais, é reduzida a um ritual substancial sem sentido. Frente à população da Grécia, esmagada entre a adesão às demandas das instituições representativas do bloco de capitais do continente e o respeito à “delegação” atribuída pelo eleitorado, o governo grego vem resolvendo o conflito curvando-se a chantagens e endossando, neste momento, o regime de “suspensão” à soberania democrática. Palavras-chave: Crise capitalista, referendo grego, democracia burguesa.BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY: the tragic...

Method and Hist of Econ Thought, 2005

The aim of the paper is to find the reason of the commodoties exchange. That is why our analysis ... more The aim of the paper is to find the reason of the commodoties exchange. That is why our analysis inquires on the substance of the commodities value as Marx did on "The Capital" first pages using the dialectic method. Our different approach is analytic although we apply the fundamentals of the hegelian method. We use the concept of the labour centrality in the social production as an axiom, and we consider it as the natural starting point of the investigation. The historical materialism gives us the way to observe the conceptual dominion of the (exchange) value on the use value and then we are able to analyze its substance, our primary aim. Using the hegelian categories of quality and quantity we obtain that the only common quality of any commodity is the labour that, conseqently, is the substance of the value. This element, in fact, is basical to measure and, then, to compare any commodity. We conclude deriving that any study on the so called trasformation problem of Marx is unconsistent without a necessary deep analysis of the substance of the value.

Review of Income and Wealth, 2015

This paper advances the hypothesis that Nigeria is going through a process of economic polarizati... more This paper advances the hypothesis that Nigeria is going through a process of economic polarization. The notion of polarization is concerned with the disappearance or non-consolidation of the middle class, which occurs when there is a tendency to concentrate in the tails, rather than the middle, of the income/consumption distribution. This paper uses newly available data and the relative distribution methodology (Handcock and Morris, 1998, 1999) to present new results on polarization. The findings confirm the sharp increase of polarization. Compared to 2003, the distribution of consumption has become more concentrated in upper and lower deciles in 2013, while the middle deciles have thinned. A between-group analysis shows the emergence of a macro-regional gap: while the South-South and SouthWest regions contribute mainly to polarization in the upper tail, households in the North East and North West zones-the conflict-stricken areas-are more likely to fall in the lower national deciles.