Levi Perez | University of Oviedo / Universidad de Oviedo (original) (raw)

Books by Levi Perez

“Guessing who wins or predicting the exact score: Does it make any difference in terms of the dem... more “Guessing who wins or predicting the exact score: Does it make any difference in terms of the demand for football pools?”. in Andreff, W. (Editor) Contemporary issues in Sports economics: Participation and professional team sports (New Horizons in the economics of sport), Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK. Northampton, MA, USA.

“El mercado de apuestas deportivas”, en Palomar, A. (Director) Las apuestas deportivas (pp. 13-33... more “El mercado de apuestas deportivas”, en Palomar, A. (Director) Las apuestas deportivas (pp. 13-33) Thomson Reuters Aranzadi: Navarra.

Papers by Levi Perez

Journal of demographic economics, Mar 19, 2024

Economia Politica

Multi-country (state) lottery markets have emerged worldwide as an attempt to revert the decline ... more Multi-country (state) lottery markets have emerged worldwide as an attempt to revert the decline in lottery sales. These markets allow operators to offer appealing large prizes by combining the markets of separate lottery jurisdictions. An analysis of EuroMillions’ jackpot sharing among countries of different market size shows that some countries tend to claim higher jackpots and achieve higher payout rates, while others seem to be systematically disadvantaged. This paper elaborates on whether this unequal jackpot distribution is caused by different demand behavior and market share trends in the market for EuroMillions. Evidence shows that such distribution of the jackpot is explained by differences in jackpot elasticity of the demand among countries, which causes, at the same time, variations in the market share and draw winning odds per country. As a result, some countries may then benefit from the funds that have been contributed to the prize pool by the rest, raising some implic...

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Journal of Gambling Studies

Gambling opportunities have greatly expanded in recent years leading to an alternative form of le... more Gambling opportunities have greatly expanded in recent years leading to an alternative form of leisure but also raising social concerns. Participation in such activities may be conditioned by individual characteristics affecting the willingness of individuals to gamble, including gender, but also by time effects linked to the availability and exposure of gambling. Using data from Spain, estimates from a time-varying split population duration model show significant gender differences in the propensity to start gambling (men’s episodes as non-gamblers were observed to be shorter than women’s). Additionally, expansion of gambling opportunities over time is found to be correlated with an increase in the propensity to start gambling. Both men and women are clearly more likely to start gambling at earlier ages than before. These results are expected to improve knowledge of gender differences in terms of consumer decision making about gambling and to be helpful in designing public policies...

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2021

Cities are certainly a key factor in the location of gambling facilities. This paper aims to map ... more Cities are certainly a key factor in the location of gambling facilities. This paper aims to map the location of gambling outlets in urban areas and to examine potential links between neighborhoods socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and gambling supply, taking into account spatial dependencies of neighboring areas. This correlation is of interest because neighborhood characteristics may attract sellers, and because the presence of gambling sellers may cause changes in neighborhood demographics. Using detailed official data from the city of Madrid for the year 2017, three spatial econometric approaches are considered: spatial autoregressive (SAR) model, spatial error model (SEM) and spatial lag of X (explicative variables) model (SLX). Empirical analysis finds a strong correlation between neighborhoods characteristics and co-location of gambling outlets, highlighting a specific geographic patterning of distribution within more disadvantaged urban areas. This may have inter...

espanolLa tecnologia online ha disparado el volumen de apuestas deportivas en todo el mundo y ha ... more espanolLa tecnologia online ha disparado el volumen de apuestas deportivas en todo el mundo y ha popularizado las apuestas in-play o en directo (es decir, mientras el partido esta en juego) en detrimento de las realizadas antes del evento. Estos acontecimientos implican beneficios y costes para el deporte. Las apuestas in-play son fuertemente complementarias del consumo de deporte y ofrecen nuevas oportunidades de generacion de ingresos a partir de la venta de datos. Al mismo tiempo, la elevada liquidez en los mercados de apuestas deportivas y el aumento de oportunidades para obtener ganancias amanando la competicion durante el partido aumentan el riesgo de integridad. Este articulo analiza no solo las nuevas oportunidades que las apuestas representan para el deporte, sino tambien los riesgos asociados al amano de partidos y el porque de los mismos, planteandose cual deberia ser la respuesta desde el ambito del deporte. EnglishOnline technology has facilitated a huge growth in the s...

The Economics of Sports Betting

Journal of physical education and sport, 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse the trend and distribution of sales among different horse-bet... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the trend and distribution of sales among different horse-betting products and to test whether some complementary and substitution effects exist. The International Official Horse Show of Gijón's betting portfolio includes five different betting products and provides a good opportunity to analyse the aforementioned effects as well as the portfolio design itself. A correlation analysis is performed to test for the complementarity or substitutability among bets by examining Pearson correlation coefficients.

espanolLos estudios previos acerca de los determinantes de la demanda televisiva del Campeonato M... more espanolLos estudios previos acerca de los determinantes de la demanda televisiva del Campeonato Mundial de Formula 1 se han preocupado basicamente por los efectos que tiene la incertidumbre en el resultado final de los grandes premios sobre la audiencia. En este trabajo, se consideran aspectos relacionados con los efectos generados sobre esta demanda por la dinamica de la competencia entre canales de television que retransmiten el mismo evento (gran premio) simultaneamente, y para un cierto ambito territorial. Las conclusiones alcanzadas muestran un resultado incierto acerca del predominio en terminos de audiencia de un canal sobre otro y cuestionan las posibles estrategias de compra-venta de derechos televisivos entre canales. La existencia de factores inherentes a un determinado canal de television o propios de un territorio concreto deberian ser ademas considerados en el marco de estos estudios. EnglishPrevious studies on the determinants of television demand for the Formula 1 Wo...

Los estudios previos acerca de los determinantes de la demanda televisiva del Campeonato Mundial ... more Los estudios previos acerca de los determinantes de la demanda televisiva del Campeonato Mundial de Formula 1 se han preocupado basicamente por los efectos que tiene la incertidumbre en el resultado final de los grandes premios sobre la audiencia. En este trabajo, se consideran aspectos relacionados con los efectos generados sobre esta demanda por la dinamica de la competencia entre canales de television que retransmiten el mismo evento (gran premio) simultaneamente, y para un cierto ambito territorial. Las conclusiones alcanzadas muestran un resultado incierto acerca del predominio en terminos de audiencia de un canal sobre otro y cuestionan las posibles estrategias de compra-venta de derechos televisivos entre canales. La existencia de factores inherentes a un determinado canal de television o propios de un territorio concreto deberian ser ademas considerados en el marco de estos estudios

The study of productive efficiency has not been a traditional field of research in fisheries econ... more The study of productive efficiency has not been a traditional field of research in fisheries economics. However, recent papers have dealt with testing what it is known as “the good captain hypothesis”, according to which differences in catches among vessels can be explained in terms of skipper skill (efficiency). These papers introduce an interesting research issue: the distinction between luck and efficiency. In this paper we try to shed more light on this topic using a panel dataset on the hake fishery in Northern Spain. In particular, we are interested in separating efficiency not only from luck but also from other time invariant variables, such as vessel characteristics, which sometimes are confounded with efficiency. In contrast to the other papers that deal with this topic, we find that luck is more important than technical efficiency in explaining catches. We argue this can be explained by the fact that other papers use data at a higher level of temporal aggregation. Over lon...

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2020

Studies of Applied Economics, 2020

Currently, several proposed changes in sports betting laws are being debated in the United States... more Currently, several proposed changes in sports betting laws are being debated in the United States and the European Union. This article examines the characteristics of sports bettors in three countries, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom, to determine who bets on sports in environments where this activity is both legal and popular. Unconditional and conditional analyses find that annual participation rates in sport betting are low, and that sport bettors tend to be young males with relatively high incomes. Sports bettors stand to gain the most from an expansion of legal sports betting opportunities, while the negative impacts of increased access to sports betting are expected to be minimal in the United States and difficult to assess in the European Union.

The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics, Jan 2, 2013

In February, 2005 the Spanish National Lottery Agency (LAE) made several modifications to the des... more In February, 2005 the Spanish National Lottery Agency (LAE) made several modifications to the design of one of its lotto games. The entry fee was not changed but the familiar 6/49 format was replaced by 5/54 + 1/10. This considerably lengthened the odds against winning a share of the grand prize. However, extra lower tiers of prizes were added and a guaranteed jackpot of €5m introduced. The change in rules provides an unusual opportunity to study the effect on sales of features of lotto games other than entry fee and pay-back rate. The changes in design appear in this case to have allowed the operator to achieve higher and more stable sales. Reasons for this are explored through estimation of demand models. Results indicate that gains to the operator had been achieved by better satisfying players’ preference for skewness in the distribution of returns.

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics, 2016

SummaryEuromillions is a lotto game played across nine countries. We examine more than 8 years of... more SummaryEuromillions is a lotto game played across nine countries. We examine more than 8 years of sales data for individual states to assess whether a jackpot win in a country increases subsequent sales in that country. We propose a novel test for the presence of such a ‘compatriot win effect’ that has as its only assumption that the lottery draw is random. Results suggest elevated sales over 12 draws following a national win. When we model the size of the effect, it proves to be modest in size for average jackpot wins but much larger and longer lasting for the highest pay-outs.

Journal of demographic economics, Mar 19, 2024

Economia Politica

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Journal of Gambling Studies

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2021

The Economics of Sports Betting

Journal of physical education and sport, 2018

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2020

Studies of Applied Economics, 2020

The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics, Jan 2, 2013

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics, 2016

Journal of Media Economics, 2015

ABSTRACT In 1997, a law was passed in Spain that mandated that “broadcastings of general interest... more ABSTRACT In 1997, a law was passed in Spain that mandated that “broadcastings of general interest” be free-to-air rather than pay-per-view. Since that time, a soccer match of the Spanish First Division—considered a public benefit activity—can be viewed on a weekly basis for free throughout the regular season. The aim of this article is to determine whether a “general interest” for these free-to-air broadcastings exists. To perform the empirical analysis, a demand equation for a TV audience is estimated using a unique panel data set on a regional level, in which the dependent variable is the number of viewers of free-to-air matches in each Spanish region during the period 2008–2012. The model specifications consider whether a particular region has a team competing in the First Division and other socioeconomical and sporting variables. The results conclude that a nationwide “general interest” in free-to-air broadcasting of soccer matches, which would support Spanish law, does not exist, with the exception of matches played by Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, Fútbol Club Barcelona, and local teams.

This paper examines the factors motivating people to join social networks. In particular, use of ... more This paper examines the factors motivating people to join social networks. In particular, use of Twitter as a medium to get live feeds from sports organizations is analyzed. The focus is on the relationship between the success of professional soccer teams and the number of new Twitter users following teams. Results show that the most successful teams have the highest rates of recruitment of new Twitter followers. This can be explained in terms of the increasing utility received by followers from their favorite team winnings.