Marco Bergamin | Università degli Studi di Padova (original) (raw)

Papers by Marco Bergamin

Research paper thumbnail of Rating of perceived exertion in maximal incremental tests during head-out water-based aerobic exercises

Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and... more The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and percentage of peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during three head-out water-based aerobic exercises. In addition, the RPE at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was also compared among them. Twenty young women performed head-out water-based maximal tests for the exercises stationary running (SR), frontal kick (FK) and cross-country skiing (CCS). RPE was monitored during the tests and the values corresponding to VT2 and training zones corresponding to 50-59%, 60-69%, 70-79%, 80-89% and [Formula: see text] were determined. Regression analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA with repeated measures were used. Significant relationships were observed between the RPE and [Formula: see text] (r = 0.858-0.893; P < 0.001) for all head-out water-based aerobic exercises. Average RPE ranged from 12.1-12.7 in the training zone corresponding to 50-59%, from 13.7-14.8 to 60-69%, from 15.8-16.4 to 70-79%, from 17.3-18.1 to 80-89% and from 18.5-18.9 to [Formula: see text]. No significant differences were found among the three head-out water-based aerobic exercises at VT2 (P > 0.05; SR: 16.1 ± 0.9, FK: 16.7 ± 1.5, CCS: 15.9 ± 1.3). The results support the use of RPE to control the relative intensity of training during head-out water-based aerobic exercises and indicate values near to 16-17 when targeting VT2 intensity for young women.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of metabolic equivalents during low- and high-intensity resistance exercise in healthy young subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes

Biology of Sport, 2016

The purpose of this study was to quantify the metabolic equivalents (METs) of resistance exercise... more The purpose of this study was to quantify the metabolic equivalents (METs) of resistance exercise in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and healthy young subjects and to evaluate whether there were differences between sessions executed at low- versus high-intensity resistance exercise. Twenty obese patients with T2DM (62.9±6.1 years) and 22 young subjects (22.6±1.9 years) performed two training sessions: one at vigorous intensity (80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM)) and one at moderate intensity (60% of 1RM). Both groups carried out three strength exercises with a 2-day recovery between sessions. Oxygen consumption was continuously measured 15 min before, during and after each training session. Obese T2DM patients showed lower METs values compared with young healthy participants at the baseline phase (F= 2043.86; P<0.01), during training (F=1140.59; P<0.01) and in the post-exercise phase (F=1012.71; P<0.01). No effects were detected in the group x intensity analysis of covariance. In this study, at both light-moderate and vigorous resistance exercise intensities, the METs value that best represented both sessions was 3 METs for the obese elderly T2DM patients and 5 METs for young subjects.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a Nordic Walking program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performance and body composition in patients with Parkinson’s disease

NeuroRehabilitation, 2015

Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor sym... more Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, little is known about the effects of a Nordic Walking (NW) program in PD patients. To determine the effects of a NW program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performances and body composition in PD patients. Twenty PD patients (16M, 4F, 67.3±7.8 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to NW group (NWg, n = 10) and Control group (Cg, n = 10). The training consisted in 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Training effects were assessed by functional and instrumental tests and motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed by UPDRS-III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, PD Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Starkstein Apathy Scale, and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale. Significant changes in resting HR, in walked distance (p < 0.05), and in lower limbs muscles strength (p < 0.005) were observed in NWg. Both balance abilities and safety with mobility were increased (p < 0.005). Significant variations in some circumferences and body composition were registered. Finally, a significant improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms was detected: UPDRS-III, HY scale, PFS-16, BDI-II, SAS, NMSS. A tailored exercise program including NW proved to be an effective way to improve daily activities and both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses During Aquatic Exercise in Water at Different Temperatures in Older Adults

Research quarterly for exercise and sport, Jan 16, 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during upper-body a... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during upper-body aquatic exercises in older adults with different pool temperatures. Method: Eleven older men (aged 65 years and older) underwent 2 identical aquatic exercise sessions that consisted of 3 upper-body exercises using progressive intensities (30, 35, and 40 metronome beat · min(- 1)) on separate visits. Water temperatures for the visits were 28°C (cold water [CW]) and 36°C (hot water [HW]), and water depth ranged from 1.2 m to 1.4 m. Measurements for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were compared between the CW and HW conditions. Results: The comparison between temperatures showed a higher HR response during exercise in HW, particularly when participants exercised at the highest intensities. During a 30-min postexercise period in resting conditions, HR was statistically significantly higher for the HW condition compared with ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription

Preventive medicine, Jan 12, 2015

This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of Pilates exercise training (PET) in elderl... more This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of Pilates exercise training (PET) in elderly population on physical fitness, balance and fall prevention, and its effects on mood states, quality of life and independence in the daily living activities. Keyword "Pilates" associated with "elderly", "aging" and "old subjects" were identified as terms for the literature research in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. Only studies published in peer-reviewed journals written in English language were considered. A meta-analysis was performed and effect sizes (ES) calculated. 10 studies were identified (6 RCTs and 4 uncontrolled trials); age ranged from 60 to 80years. Overall, PET showed large ES to improve muscle strength (ES=1.23), walking and gait performances (ES=1.39), activities of daily living, mood states and quality of life (ES=0.94), moderate to high effect on dynamic balance (ES=0.77), small effects on static bala...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of age on postural sway during different dual-task conditions

Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2014

Dual-task performance assessments of competing parallel tasks and postural outcomes are growing i... more Dual-task performance assessments of competing parallel tasks and postural outcomes are growing in importance for geriatricians, as it is associated with predicting fall risk in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the postural stability during different dual-task conditions including visual (SMBT), verbal (CBAT) and cognitive (MAT) tasks in comparison with the standard Romberg's open eyes position (OE). Furthermore, these conditions were investigated in a sample of young adults and a group of older healthy subjects to examine a potential interaction between type of secondary task and age status. To compare these groups across the four conditions, a within-between mixed model ANOVA was applied. Thus, a stabilometric platform has been used to measure center of pressure velocity (CoPV), sway area (SA), antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) oscillations as extents of postural sway. Tests of within-subjects effects indicated that different four conditions influenced the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of the Mywellness Key in walking and running speeds

Journal of sports science & medicine

This study was performed to assess the validity of the MyWellness Key (MWK) accelerometer during ... more This study was performed to assess the validity of the MyWellness Key (MWK) accelerometer during a treadmill-based protocol. The identification of different exercise intensities is imperative to objectively measure time spent at a specified exercise intensity. Thirty subjects, 15 men and 15 women (age = 24.5 ± 2.6 years; body mass index = 22.5 ± 2.5 kg·m -1), participated in a 4-phase treadmill protocol (5 minutes each one) using three different walking velocities (3, 4.5, and 6 km·h -1) and run (8 km·h -1) while outfitted with a MWK uniaxial accelerometer. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC VO2). Results: The relationship between VO 2 predicted from MWK (MWK VO2) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 (IC VO2)), yielded a high and significant correlation (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) with standard error of estimate (SEE) = 2.42 mL·kg -1·min -1. The average differences between the two methods (MWK VO2 - IC VO2) were -0.79 (-8.8% at 3 km·h -1), -0.02 (-0.2% at 4.5 km·h -1)...

Research paper thumbnail of A Tailored Workplace Exercise Program for Women at Risk for Neck and Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a tailored physical activity protocol performed ... more Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a tailored physical activity protocol performed in a work environment with a group of female workers employed in manual precision tasks to reduce upper limb pain. Methods: Sixty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The IG was administered of a 6-month, twice-a-week, tailored exercise program, whereas the CG received no intervention. Results: The IG showed a reduction on shoulder pain accompanied by increases on the range of motion measures. In addition, reductions in upper limb pain and neck disability were detected with concomitant increases in grip strength.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Exercise on Dual-task and Balance on Elderly in Multiple Disease Conditions

Current Aging Science, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Tailored exercise program reduces symptoms of upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders in a group of metalworkers: A randomized controlled trial

Manual Therapy, 2015

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a leading cause of work-related disability and... more Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a leading cause of work-related disability and loss of productivity in the developed countries; these disorders may concur with the indirect costs of an illness or injury included losses of potential output. Literature on workplace physical activity program provided a mixed but positive impact on health and important worksite outcomes. Therefore, programs of physical activity organized and performed in the workplace could reveal as essential tool to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms. This investigation aimed to assess the effectiveness of a tailored physical activity program, performed in a work-environment, to reduce the symptoms in upper extremities and neck with the novelty in personalizing the approach applied to the exercise protocol, basing on pain and disability levels, to reduce the onset and symptoms in upper extremity and neck WRMDs increasing upper-limb strength and flexibility. 68 metalworkers were recruited, 34 were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG), while the other 34 to a control group. Primary outcomes concerned pain symptoms measured with visual analog scales while disability was measured by DASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), and NPDS-I (Neck Pain and Disability Scale) questionnaires. Grip strength, upper-limb mobility, neck and shoulder range of motion were also assessed. After the 9-month intervention, IG reduced pain symptoms on neck, shoulders, elbows and on wrists. Grip strength and upper-limb mobility improved as well as scores on questionnaires. This protocol suggests that performing a tailored physical activity program is beneficial to reduce pain and disability on upper-limb WRMDs.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma leptin and energy expenditure during prolonged, moderate intensity, treadmill exercise

Background: Current literature shows conflicting results regarding the possible direct role of ex... more Background: Current literature shows conflicting results regarding the possible direct role of exercise on leptin concentrations, mainly because of a non-homogeneous level of energy expenditure (EE) and the lack of standardization of energy balance. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise duration and its corresponding EE on leptin levels, during prolonged treadmill exercise, in a well-controlled laboratory setting. Materials and methods: Seven young trained males underwent a 4-h treadmill exercise. The starting intensity was set at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. At the start of the test and throughout the exercise, venous blood samples were drawn for the assays of leptin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), cortisol, epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Hourly and total EE was monitored with gas analysis. Results: Plasma leptin levels decreased from 1.10±0.15 to 0.85±0.26 µg/l (p<0.01) at the end of the exercise, reaching a significant reduction already after the second hour. FFA and cortisol showed a progressive significant increase, while glucose did not significantly change throughout the test. Plasma E and NE significantly increased at all sampling times compared to basal values (48. . The randomeffects model for panel data analysis showed negative correlation between leptin, NE and the values of progressive EE (r 2 =0.745, p<0.05). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that, during a prolonged moderate intensity exercise, leptin decrease is significantly related to the total EE. Further, NE concentrations seem to play an important role in the inhibition of leptin secretion. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 36: 396-401, 2013)

Research paper thumbnail of Coronary CT angiography in asymptomatic middle-aged athletes with ST segment anomalies during maximal exercise test

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2015

The clinical significance of ST segment anomalies occurring during exercise test in asymptomatic ... more The clinical significance of ST segment anomalies occurring during exercise test in asymptomatic subjects is still debated. We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate if the presence of these exercise test abnormalities were related with coronary CT angiography findings. Nine hundred forty athletes (range 30 to 60 years old), performed a maximal exercise test for sport eligibility. Fortysix subjects (4.9%) showing ST abnormalities during exercise and/or the recovery phase were referred to a 64-slice coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. Among 44 subjects who underwent coronary CT angiography, 23 had an equivocal while 21 had a positive exercise test. Coronary CT angiography found, six and eight subjects with significant and not significant coronary artery disease, respectively. Further, seven patients demonstrated origin and course coronary anomalies. The positive predictive value for significant coronary artery disease of the exercise test was 13.6%. Our data suggest the referral to coronary CT angiography even of patients with equivocal repolarization anomalies during exercise and its recovery phase. Although the positive predictive value of a maximal exercise test in asymptomatic athletes appears lower than what observed in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease, about half of athletes with equivocal or positive exercise test demonstrated some coronary abnormalities.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of a Strength Training Program on Affect, Mood, Anxiety, and Strength Performance in Older Individuals

International journal of sport psychology

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on anxiety, a... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on anxiety, affect, and mood in a group of older adults (= 65 years). Twenty men and women participated in a 12-week strength training program. Participants were randomized to an intervention and a waiting list control group. Results showed a significant improvement in the intervention group’s strength scores. Trait anxiety showed a decline in both groups. When mood profiles of participants were analyzed across the initial 12-week of the study, a dimension of mood called Vigor- Activity significantly decreased in the control group while the intervention group’s scores did not change. The affect data showed that negative affect decreased significantly in the intervention group following the training protocol. This study indicates that 12 weeks of strength training results in significant muscle strength increases and moderate improvements of the overall psychological profile.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness Of A 6-month Water-based Exercise In Preventing Physical Activity Decline In Elderly Subjects

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Require The Same Mets Amount With Moderate Or Vigorous Resistance Training

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiopulmonary Response and Body Composition Changes after Prolonged High Altitude Exposure in Women

High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 2011

Most of the available data on the cardiovascular screening of athletes come from Italy, with fewe... more Most of the available data on the cardiovascular screening of athletes come from Italy, with fewer records being available outside of Italy and for non-Caucasian populations. The goals of the SMILE project (Sport Medicine Intervention to save Lives through ECG) are to evaluate the usefulness of 12-lead ECGs for the detection of cardiac diseases in athletes from three European countries and one African country and to estimate how many second-level examinations are needed subsequent to the initial screening in order to classify athletes with abnormal characteristics. A digital network consisting of Sport Centres and second and third opinion centres was set up in Greece, Germany, France and Algeria. Standard digital data input was carried out through the application of 12-lead ECGs, Bethesda questionnaires and physical examinations. Two hundred ninety-three of the 6,634 consecutive athletes required further evaluation, mostly (88.4 %) as a consequence of abnormal ECGs. After careful evaluation, 237 were determined to be healthy or apparently healthy, while 56 athletes were found to have cardiac disorders and were thus disqualified from active participation in sports. There was a large difference in the prevalence of diseases detected in Europe as compared with Algeria (0.23 and 4.01 %, respectively). Our data confirmed the noteworthy value of 12-lead resting ECGs as compared with other first-level evaluations, especially in athletes with asymptomatic cardiac diseases. Its value seems to have been even higher in Algeria than in the European countries. The establishment of a digital network of Sport Centres for second/third opinions in conjunction with the use of standard digital data input seems to be a Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Research paper thumbnail of Is water-based exercise training sufficient to improve physical fitness in the elderly?

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last dec... more The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last decade. The majority of the available literature is focused on the benefits of water-based exercise programs for people with rheumatologic disease and back pain; however, there is a lack of evidence reporting the effects of exercise performed in an aquatic medium for healthy elderly adults. The purpose of this study was to critically review the existing evidence of a potential relationship between water-based exercise and improvement of physical fitness in healthy elderly subjects. A systematic database search for manuscripts and a quality control were performed. A system of rating was defined. Aerobic, muscular strength, flexibility and body composition outcomes were then extracted. Nine studies were analyzed after the screening for eligibility: five randomized controlled trials (RCT), three randomized uncontrolled trials (UT) and one controlled trial (CT). Four RCT and two randomized UT w...

Research paper thumbnail of Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subject... more Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subjects with type 2 diabetes diabetes research and clinical practice 85 (2009) e 40-e 41

Research paper thumbnail of Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition

Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out ... more The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothermal spring water to improve overall physical function and muscle mass in a group of healthy elderly subjects. A further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group. For this purpose, 59 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups: aquatic group (AG), land group (LG), and control group (CG). AG and LG followed a 6-month, twice-weekly, multimodality exercise intervention. AG underwent the protocol in hot-spring water (36°C) while LG did it in a land-based environment. After the intervention, knee-extension strength was maintained in AG and LG. The 8-foot upand-go test showed a reduction in both exercise groups (AG −19.3%, P , 0.05; LG −12.6%, P , 0.05), with a significantly greater decrease in AG. The back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in AG (25.8%; P , 0.05), while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups. Finally, AG reduced fat mass by 4% (P , 0.05), and dominant forearm fat decreased by 9.2% (P , 0.05). In addition, calf muscle density increased by 1.8% (P , 0.05). In summary, both water-and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility. Aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance. Thermal swimming pools and the use of rating of perceived exertion as a method of exercise monitoring should be considered potentially useful tools to enhance physical performance and body composition in healthy elderly.

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and validity of the Mywellness Key physical activity monitor

Clinical Epidemiology, 2013

Background: This study evaluated the reliability and criterion validity of the Mywellness Key acc... more Background: This study evaluated the reliability and criterion validity of the Mywellness Key accelerometer (MWK) using treadmill protocols and indirect calorimetry. Methods: Twenty-five participants completed two four-stage 20-minute treadmill protocols while wearing two MWK accelerometers. Reliability was assessed using raw counts. Validity was assessed by comparing the estimated VO 2 calculated from the MWK with values from respiratory gas exchange. Results: Good overall and point estimates of reliability were found for the MWK (all intraclass correlations . 0.93). Generalizability theory coefficients showed lower values for running speed (0.70) versus walking speed (all . 0.84), with the majority of the overall percentage of variability derived from the participant (68%-88% of the total 100%). Acceptable validity was found overall (Pearson's r = 0.895-0.902, P , 0.0001), with an overall mean absolute error of 16.22% and a coefficient of variance of 16.92%. Bland-Altman plots showed an overestimation of energy expenditure during the running speed, but total kilocalories were underestimated during the protocol by approximately 10%. Conclusion: Good validity was found during light and moderate walking, while running was slightly overestimated. The MWK may be useful for clinicians and researchers interested in promotion or assessment of physical activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Rating of perceived exertion in maximal incremental tests during head-out water-based aerobic exercises

Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and... more The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and percentage of peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during three head-out water-based aerobic exercises. In addition, the RPE at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was also compared among them. Twenty young women performed head-out water-based maximal tests for the exercises stationary running (SR), frontal kick (FK) and cross-country skiing (CCS). RPE was monitored during the tests and the values corresponding to VT2 and training zones corresponding to 50-59%, 60-69%, 70-79%, 80-89% and [Formula: see text] were determined. Regression analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA with repeated measures were used. Significant relationships were observed between the RPE and [Formula: see text] (r = 0.858-0.893; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) for all head-out water-based aerobic exercises. Average RPE ranged from 12.1-12.7 in the training zone corresponding to 50-59%, from 13.7-14.8 to 60-69%, from 15.8-16.4 to 70-79%, from 17.3-18.1 to 80-89% and from 18.5-18.9 to [Formula: see text]. No significant differences were found among the three head-out water-based aerobic exercises at VT2 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05; SR: 16.1 ± 0.9, FK: 16.7 ± 1.5, CCS: 15.9 ± 1.3). The results support the use of RPE to control the relative intensity of training during head-out water-based aerobic exercises and indicate values near to 16-17 when targeting VT2 intensity for young women.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of metabolic equivalents during low- and high-intensity resistance exercise in healthy young subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes

Biology of Sport, 2016

The purpose of this study was to quantify the metabolic equivalents (METs) of resistance exercise... more The purpose of this study was to quantify the metabolic equivalents (METs) of resistance exercise in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and healthy young subjects and to evaluate whether there were differences between sessions executed at low- versus high-intensity resistance exercise. Twenty obese patients with T2DM (62.9±6.1 years) and 22 young subjects (22.6±1.9 years) performed two training sessions: one at vigorous intensity (80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM)) and one at moderate intensity (60% of 1RM). Both groups carried out three strength exercises with a 2-day recovery between sessions. Oxygen consumption was continuously measured 15 min before, during and after each training session. Obese T2DM patients showed lower METs values compared with young healthy participants at the baseline phase (F= 2043.86; P&lt;0.01), during training (F=1140.59; P&lt;0.01) and in the post-exercise phase (F=1012.71; P&lt;0.01). No effects were detected in the group x intensity analysis of covariance. In this study, at both light-moderate and vigorous resistance exercise intensities, the METs value that best represented both sessions was 3 METs for the obese elderly T2DM patients and 5 METs for young subjects.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of a Nordic Walking program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performance and body composition in patients with Parkinson’s disease

NeuroRehabilitation, 2015

Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor sym... more Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Disease (PD). However, little is known about the effects of a Nordic Walking (NW) program in PD patients. To determine the effects of a NW program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performances and body composition in PD patients. Twenty PD patients (16M, 4F, 67.3±7.8 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to NW group (NWg, n = 10) and Control group (Cg, n = 10). The training consisted in 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Training effects were assessed by functional and instrumental tests and motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed by UPDRS-III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, PD Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Starkstein Apathy Scale, and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale. Significant changes in resting HR, in walked distance (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), and in lower limbs muscles strength (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.005) were observed in NWg. Both balance abilities and safety with mobility were increased (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.005). Significant variations in some circumferences and body composition were registered. Finally, a significant improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms was detected: UPDRS-III, HY scale, PFS-16, BDI-II, SAS, NMSS. A tailored exercise program including NW proved to be an effective way to improve daily activities and both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses During Aquatic Exercise in Water at Different Temperatures in Older Adults

Research quarterly for exercise and sport, Jan 16, 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during upper-body a... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during upper-body aquatic exercises in older adults with different pool temperatures. Method: Eleven older men (aged 65 years and older) underwent 2 identical aquatic exercise sessions that consisted of 3 upper-body exercises using progressive intensities (30, 35, and 40 metronome beat · min(- 1)) on separate visits. Water temperatures for the visits were 28°C (cold water [CW]) and 36°C (hot water [HW]), and water depth ranged from 1.2 m to 1.4 m. Measurements for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were compared between the CW and HW conditions. Results: The comparison between temperatures showed a higher HR response during exercise in HW, particularly when participants exercised at the highest intensities. During a 30-min postexercise period in resting conditions, HR was statistically significantly higher for the HW condition compared with ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription

Preventive medicine, Jan 12, 2015

This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of Pilates exercise training (PET) in elderl... more This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of Pilates exercise training (PET) in elderly population on physical fitness, balance and fall prevention, and its effects on mood states, quality of life and independence in the daily living activities. Keyword "Pilates" associated with "elderly", "aging" and "old subjects" were identified as terms for the literature research in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. Only studies published in peer-reviewed journals written in English language were considered. A meta-analysis was performed and effect sizes (ES) calculated. 10 studies were identified (6 RCTs and 4 uncontrolled trials); age ranged from 60 to 80years. Overall, PET showed large ES to improve muscle strength (ES=1.23), walking and gait performances (ES=1.39), activities of daily living, mood states and quality of life (ES=0.94), moderate to high effect on dynamic balance (ES=0.77), small effects on static bala...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of age on postural sway during different dual-task conditions

Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2014

Dual-task performance assessments of competing parallel tasks and postural outcomes are growing i... more Dual-task performance assessments of competing parallel tasks and postural outcomes are growing in importance for geriatricians, as it is associated with predicting fall risk in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the postural stability during different dual-task conditions including visual (SMBT), verbal (CBAT) and cognitive (MAT) tasks in comparison with the standard Romberg's open eyes position (OE). Furthermore, these conditions were investigated in a sample of young adults and a group of older healthy subjects to examine a potential interaction between type of secondary task and age status. To compare these groups across the four conditions, a within-between mixed model ANOVA was applied. Thus, a stabilometric platform has been used to measure center of pressure velocity (CoPV), sway area (SA), antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) oscillations as extents of postural sway. Tests of within-subjects effects indicated that different four conditions influenced the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of the Mywellness Key in walking and running speeds

Journal of sports science & medicine

This study was performed to assess the validity of the MyWellness Key (MWK) accelerometer during ... more This study was performed to assess the validity of the MyWellness Key (MWK) accelerometer during a treadmill-based protocol. The identification of different exercise intensities is imperative to objectively measure time spent at a specified exercise intensity. Thirty subjects, 15 men and 15 women (age = 24.5 ± 2.6 years; body mass index = 22.5 ± 2.5 kg·m -1), participated in a 4-phase treadmill protocol (5 minutes each one) using three different walking velocities (3, 4.5, and 6 km·h -1) and run (8 km·h -1) while outfitted with a MWK uniaxial accelerometer. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC VO2). Results: The relationship between VO 2 predicted from MWK (MWK VO2) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 (IC VO2)), yielded a high and significant correlation (r = 0.944; p < 0.001) with standard error of estimate (SEE) = 2.42 mL·kg -1·min -1. The average differences between the two methods (MWK VO2 - IC VO2) were -0.79 (-8.8% at 3 km·h -1), -0.02 (-0.2% at 4.5 km·h -1)...

Research paper thumbnail of A Tailored Workplace Exercise Program for Women at Risk for Neck and Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a tailored physical activity protocol performed ... more Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a tailored physical activity protocol performed in a work environment with a group of female workers employed in manual precision tasks to reduce upper limb pain. Methods: Sixty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The IG was administered of a 6-month, twice-a-week, tailored exercise program, whereas the CG received no intervention. Results: The IG showed a reduction on shoulder pain accompanied by increases on the range of motion measures. In addition, reductions in upper limb pain and neck disability were detected with concomitant increases in grip strength.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Exercise on Dual-task and Balance on Elderly in Multiple Disease Conditions

Current Aging Science, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Tailored exercise program reduces symptoms of upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders in a group of metalworkers: A randomized controlled trial

Manual Therapy, 2015

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a leading cause of work-related disability and... more Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a leading cause of work-related disability and loss of productivity in the developed countries; these disorders may concur with the indirect costs of an illness or injury included losses of potential output. Literature on workplace physical activity program provided a mixed but positive impact on health and important worksite outcomes. Therefore, programs of physical activity organized and performed in the workplace could reveal as essential tool to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms. This investigation aimed to assess the effectiveness of a tailored physical activity program, performed in a work-environment, to reduce the symptoms in upper extremities and neck with the novelty in personalizing the approach applied to the exercise protocol, basing on pain and disability levels, to reduce the onset and symptoms in upper extremity and neck WRMDs increasing upper-limb strength and flexibility. 68 metalworkers were recruited, 34 were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG), while the other 34 to a control group. Primary outcomes concerned pain symptoms measured with visual analog scales while disability was measured by DASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), and NPDS-I (Neck Pain and Disability Scale) questionnaires. Grip strength, upper-limb mobility, neck and shoulder range of motion were also assessed. After the 9-month intervention, IG reduced pain symptoms on neck, shoulders, elbows and on wrists. Grip strength and upper-limb mobility improved as well as scores on questionnaires. This protocol suggests that performing a tailored physical activity program is beneficial to reduce pain and disability on upper-limb WRMDs.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma leptin and energy expenditure during prolonged, moderate intensity, treadmill exercise

Background: Current literature shows conflicting results regarding the possible direct role of ex... more Background: Current literature shows conflicting results regarding the possible direct role of exercise on leptin concentrations, mainly because of a non-homogeneous level of energy expenditure (EE) and the lack of standardization of energy balance. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise duration and its corresponding EE on leptin levels, during prolonged treadmill exercise, in a well-controlled laboratory setting. Materials and methods: Seven young trained males underwent a 4-h treadmill exercise. The starting intensity was set at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. At the start of the test and throughout the exercise, venous blood samples were drawn for the assays of leptin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), cortisol, epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Hourly and total EE was monitored with gas analysis. Results: Plasma leptin levels decreased from 1.10±0.15 to 0.85±0.26 µg/l (p<0.01) at the end of the exercise, reaching a significant reduction already after the second hour. FFA and cortisol showed a progressive significant increase, while glucose did not significantly change throughout the test. Plasma E and NE significantly increased at all sampling times compared to basal values (48. . The randomeffects model for panel data analysis showed negative correlation between leptin, NE and the values of progressive EE (r 2 =0.745, p<0.05). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that, during a prolonged moderate intensity exercise, leptin decrease is significantly related to the total EE. Further, NE concentrations seem to play an important role in the inhibition of leptin secretion. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 36: 396-401, 2013)

Research paper thumbnail of Coronary CT angiography in asymptomatic middle-aged athletes with ST segment anomalies during maximal exercise test

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2015

The clinical significance of ST segment anomalies occurring during exercise test in asymptomatic ... more The clinical significance of ST segment anomalies occurring during exercise test in asymptomatic subjects is still debated. We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate if the presence of these exercise test abnormalities were related with coronary CT angiography findings. Nine hundred forty athletes (range 30 to 60 years old), performed a maximal exercise test for sport eligibility. Fortysix subjects (4.9%) showing ST abnormalities during exercise and/or the recovery phase were referred to a 64-slice coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. Among 44 subjects who underwent coronary CT angiography, 23 had an equivocal while 21 had a positive exercise test. Coronary CT angiography found, six and eight subjects with significant and not significant coronary artery disease, respectively. Further, seven patients demonstrated origin and course coronary anomalies. The positive predictive value for significant coronary artery disease of the exercise test was 13.6%. Our data suggest the referral to coronary CT angiography even of patients with equivocal repolarization anomalies during exercise and its recovery phase. Although the positive predictive value of a maximal exercise test in asymptomatic athletes appears lower than what observed in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease, about half of athletes with equivocal or positive exercise test demonstrated some coronary abnormalities.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of a Strength Training Program on Affect, Mood, Anxiety, and Strength Performance in Older Individuals

International journal of sport psychology

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on anxiety, a... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on anxiety, affect, and mood in a group of older adults (= 65 years). Twenty men and women participated in a 12-week strength training program. Participants were randomized to an intervention and a waiting list control group. Results showed a significant improvement in the intervention group’s strength scores. Trait anxiety showed a decline in both groups. When mood profiles of participants were analyzed across the initial 12-week of the study, a dimension of mood called Vigor- Activity significantly decreased in the control group while the intervention group’s scores did not change. The affect data showed that negative affect decreased significantly in the intervention group following the training protocol. This study indicates that 12 weeks of strength training results in significant muscle strength increases and moderate improvements of the overall psychological profile.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness Of A 6-month Water-based Exercise In Preventing Physical Activity Decline In Elderly Subjects

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Require The Same Mets Amount With Moderate Or Vigorous Resistance Training

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiopulmonary Response and Body Composition Changes after Prolonged High Altitude Exposure in Women

High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 2011

Most of the available data on the cardiovascular screening of athletes come from Italy, with fewe... more Most of the available data on the cardiovascular screening of athletes come from Italy, with fewer records being available outside of Italy and for non-Caucasian populations. The goals of the SMILE project (Sport Medicine Intervention to save Lives through ECG) are to evaluate the usefulness of 12-lead ECGs for the detection of cardiac diseases in athletes from three European countries and one African country and to estimate how many second-level examinations are needed subsequent to the initial screening in order to classify athletes with abnormal characteristics. A digital network consisting of Sport Centres and second and third opinion centres was set up in Greece, Germany, France and Algeria. Standard digital data input was carried out through the application of 12-lead ECGs, Bethesda questionnaires and physical examinations. Two hundred ninety-three of the 6,634 consecutive athletes required further evaluation, mostly (88.4 %) as a consequence of abnormal ECGs. After careful evaluation, 237 were determined to be healthy or apparently healthy, while 56 athletes were found to have cardiac disorders and were thus disqualified from active participation in sports. There was a large difference in the prevalence of diseases detected in Europe as compared with Algeria (0.23 and 4.01 %, respectively). Our data confirmed the noteworthy value of 12-lead resting ECGs as compared with other first-level evaluations, especially in athletes with asymptomatic cardiac diseases. Its value seems to have been even higher in Algeria than in the European countries. The establishment of a digital network of Sport Centres for second/third opinions in conjunction with the use of standard digital data input seems to be a Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Research paper thumbnail of Is water-based exercise training sufficient to improve physical fitness in the elderly?

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last dec... more The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last decade. The majority of the available literature is focused on the benefits of water-based exercise programs for people with rheumatologic disease and back pain; however, there is a lack of evidence reporting the effects of exercise performed in an aquatic medium for healthy elderly adults. The purpose of this study was to critically review the existing evidence of a potential relationship between water-based exercise and improvement of physical fitness in healthy elderly subjects. A systematic database search for manuscripts and a quality control were performed. A system of rating was defined. Aerobic, muscular strength, flexibility and body composition outcomes were then extracted. Nine studies were analyzed after the screening for eligibility: five randomized controlled trials (RCT), three randomized uncontrolled trials (UT) and one controlled trial (CT). Four RCT and two randomized UT w...

Research paper thumbnail of Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subject... more Similar energy expenditure from resistance training at moderate and vigorous intensity in subjects with type 2 diabetes diabetes research and clinical practice 85 (2009) e 40-e 41

Research paper thumbnail of Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition

Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out ... more The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothermal spring water to improve overall physical function and muscle mass in a group of healthy elderly subjects. A further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group. For this purpose, 59 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups: aquatic group (AG), land group (LG), and control group (CG). AG and LG followed a 6-month, twice-weekly, multimodality exercise intervention. AG underwent the protocol in hot-spring water (36°C) while LG did it in a land-based environment. After the intervention, knee-extension strength was maintained in AG and LG. The 8-foot upand-go test showed a reduction in both exercise groups (AG −19.3%, P , 0.05; LG −12.6%, P , 0.05), with a significantly greater decrease in AG. The back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in AG (25.8%; P , 0.05), while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups. Finally, AG reduced fat mass by 4% (P , 0.05), and dominant forearm fat decreased by 9.2% (P , 0.05). In addition, calf muscle density increased by 1.8% (P , 0.05). In summary, both water-and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility. Aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance. Thermal swimming pools and the use of rating of perceived exertion as a method of exercise monitoring should be considered potentially useful tools to enhance physical performance and body composition in healthy elderly.

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and validity of the Mywellness Key physical activity monitor

Clinical Epidemiology, 2013

Background: This study evaluated the reliability and criterion validity of the Mywellness Key acc... more Background: This study evaluated the reliability and criterion validity of the Mywellness Key accelerometer (MWK) using treadmill protocols and indirect calorimetry. Methods: Twenty-five participants completed two four-stage 20-minute treadmill protocols while wearing two MWK accelerometers. Reliability was assessed using raw counts. Validity was assessed by comparing the estimated VO 2 calculated from the MWK with values from respiratory gas exchange. Results: Good overall and point estimates of reliability were found for the MWK (all intraclass correlations . 0.93). Generalizability theory coefficients showed lower values for running speed (0.70) versus walking speed (all . 0.84), with the majority of the overall percentage of variability derived from the participant (68%-88% of the total 100%). Acceptable validity was found overall (Pearson's r = 0.895-0.902, P , 0.0001), with an overall mean absolute error of 16.22% and a coefficient of variance of 16.92%. Bland-Altman plots showed an overestimation of energy expenditure during the running speed, but total kilocalories were underestimated during the protocol by approximately 10%. Conclusion: Good validity was found during light and moderate walking, while running was slightly overestimated. The MWK may be useful for clinicians and researchers interested in promotion or assessment of physical activity.