Silvia Aurigi | University of Siena / Università di Siena (original) (raw)
Papers by Silvia Aurigi
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000
The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PC... more The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs (pp′-DDT and pp′-DDE) were measured in fish and bed sediments of the Po River. Three species of cyprinids, nase (Chondrostoma söetta), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), and barbel (Barbus plebejus), were captured in the major Italian river, upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Lambro River. The two carnivorous species, chub and barbel, were found to be the most contaminated, showing muscle tissue concentrations up to eightfold higher than the corresponding upstream fish. DDT concentrations were parallel to PCB changes although at lower values. Despite the increased contamination caused by the input from the Lambro tributary, when fish PCB loads are converted to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents using piscine toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), no specific hazard can be associated to the limited toxic potentials of PCBs. Although these results seem to minimise the risk for the fish community of the Po River, the presence of other organochlorines and halogenated hydrocarbons is very probable in the downstream area, and a more exhaustive hazard assessment, based on further studies, should be undertaken.
Microchemical Journal, 2000
. Human exposure to polychlorobiphenyls PCBs in humans was determined by analyzing adipose tissue... more . Human exposure to polychlorobiphenyls PCBs in humans was determined by analyzing adipose tissue samples Ž . Ž . collected in 1996᎐1997 from two different localities: Siena Italy and Concepcion Chile . ⌺PCBs was higher iń Ž . Italian samples than that from Chile 493 and 53 ngrg wet wt., respectively . Thirty-seven different PCB congeners were identified in all samples. The prevailing PCB congeners in both groups were 22Ј44Ј5 pentachlorobiphenyl Ž . Ž . Ž . Ž . IUPAC no. PCB 118 , 22Ј344Ј5Ј PCB-138 and 22Ј44Ј55Ј PCB-153 hexachlorobiphenyls and 22Ј33Ј44Ј5 PCB-170 , Ž . Ž . 22Ј344Ј55Ј PCB-180 and 22Ј34Ј55Ј6 PCB-187 heptachlorobiphenyls. PCB-153 accounted for more than 20% of the total PCB residue in both groups, while the remaining six congeners accounted for approximately 70%. Hexachlorobiphenyls were the most abundant congeners in all samples, with 42% of total residue in those from Italy and 43% in the Chilean samples, followed by heptachlorobiphenyls with 41 and 36% in Italian and Chilean samples, respectively. Average concentrations of non-ortho substituted coplanar congeners were below 1 pgrg wet wt. In the samples from Siena no noticeable differences were observed between the three average coplanar concentrations, Ž . while in those from Concepcion 33Ј44Јtetrachlorobiphenyl PCB-77 was much higher than 33Ј44Јpentachlorobi-Ž . Ž . phenyl PCB-126 and 33Ј44Ј55Јhexachlorobiphenyl PCB-169 . For each sample the contribution to the total toxic Ž . equivalent values ⌺TEQs of each non-ortho, mono-ortho and di-ortho substituted PCB congeners was assessed. The overall TEQs calculated for the monitored PCBs, were 10.16 pgrg wet wt. in Italian samples and 1.09 pgrg wet wt. in Ž Chileans ones. In both groups the main contribution to ⌺TEQs were the di-ortho substituted PCB congeners Siena:
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000
The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is a species sensitive to environmental changes caused by h... more The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is a species sensitive to environmental changes caused by human activity. Stranded specimens found along the Adriatic, Baltic and Northern coasts seem to indicate that their diet, reproduction habits and aerials are the most affected ecological aspects of these organisms. We sampled liver, muscle and fat in C. caretta to detect the presence of polychlorobiphenyls
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000
The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PC... more The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs ( ppЈ-DDT and ppЈ-DDE) were measured in fish and bed sediments of the Po River. Three species of cyprinids, nase (Chondrostoma söetta), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), and barbel (Barbus plebejus), were captured in the major Italian river, upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Lambro River. The two carnivorous species, chub and barbel, were found to be the most contaminated, showing muscle tissue concentrations up to eightfold higher than the corresponding upstream fish. DDT concentrations were parallel to PCB changes although at lower values. Despite the increased contamination caused by the input from the Lambro tributary, when fish PCB loads are converted to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents using piscine toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), no specific hazard can be associated to the limited toxic potentials of PCBs. Although these results seem to minimise the risk for the fish community of the Po River, the presence of other organochlorines and halogenated hydrocarbons is very probable in the downstream area, and a more exhaustive hazard assessment, based on further studies, should be undertaken.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2000
and dibutyltin (DBT), were determined in the liver and kidney of striped dolphins ( Stenella coer... more and dibutyltin (DBT), were determined in the liver and kidney of striped dolphins ( Stenella coeruleoalba), bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) and in a fetus of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphi) found stranded along the western Italian and Greek coasts in the period 1992-1994. Butyltin (BT) compounds were detected in almost all the samples analyzed and were higher in the kidney than in the liver. Total BT concentrations were 0.78-8.05 mg g À1 wet wt in kidney and 0.015-1.02 mg g À1 wet wt in liver of S. coeruloealba. Bottlenose dolphins had lower BT concentrations than striped dolphins. Although only one fetal sample was analyzed, it showed the highest BT concentrations of all. Unlike BT concentrations in the other adult dolphins, in the pregnant dolphin they were higher in the liver (4.35 mg g À1 wet wt), suggesting that BTs are transferred from mother to fetus. No significant differences in BT concentrations were found between sexes. Of the breakdown products, DBT was predominant in most liver samples and MBT was more abundant in kidney. Although BT concentrations are known to be found in cetaceans inhabiting waters of developed countries, our observations strongly suggest that concentrations found in S. coeruleoalba were either similar to or higher than those reported for other Stenella species collected from coastal areas close to harbors or marinas.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000
The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PC... more The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs (pp′-DDT and pp′-DDE) were measured in fish and bed sediments of the Po River. Three species of cyprinids, nase (Chondrostoma söetta), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), and barbel (Barbus plebejus), were captured in the major Italian river, upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Lambro River. The two carnivorous species, chub and barbel, were found to be the most contaminated, showing muscle tissue concentrations up to eightfold higher than the corresponding upstream fish. DDT concentrations were parallel to PCB changes although at lower values. Despite the increased contamination caused by the input from the Lambro tributary, when fish PCB loads are converted to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents using piscine toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), no specific hazard can be associated to the limited toxic potentials of PCBs. Although these results seem to minimise the risk for the fish community of the Po River, the presence of other organochlorines and halogenated hydrocarbons is very probable in the downstream area, and a more exhaustive hazard assessment, based on further studies, should be undertaken.
Microchemical Journal, 2000
. Human exposure to polychlorobiphenyls PCBs in humans was determined by analyzing adipose tissue... more . Human exposure to polychlorobiphenyls PCBs in humans was determined by analyzing adipose tissue samples Ž . Ž . collected in 1996᎐1997 from two different localities: Siena Italy and Concepcion Chile . ⌺PCBs was higher iń Ž . Italian samples than that from Chile 493 and 53 ngrg wet wt., respectively . Thirty-seven different PCB congeners were identified in all samples. The prevailing PCB congeners in both groups were 22Ј44Ј5 pentachlorobiphenyl Ž . Ž . Ž . Ž . IUPAC no. PCB 118 , 22Ј344Ј5Ј PCB-138 and 22Ј44Ј55Ј PCB-153 hexachlorobiphenyls and 22Ј33Ј44Ј5 PCB-170 , Ž . Ž . 22Ј344Ј55Ј PCB-180 and 22Ј34Ј55Ј6 PCB-187 heptachlorobiphenyls. PCB-153 accounted for more than 20% of the total PCB residue in both groups, while the remaining six congeners accounted for approximately 70%. Hexachlorobiphenyls were the most abundant congeners in all samples, with 42% of total residue in those from Italy and 43% in the Chilean samples, followed by heptachlorobiphenyls with 41 and 36% in Italian and Chilean samples, respectively. Average concentrations of non-ortho substituted coplanar congeners were below 1 pgrg wet wt. In the samples from Siena no noticeable differences were observed between the three average coplanar concentrations, Ž . while in those from Concepcion 33Ј44Јtetrachlorobiphenyl PCB-77 was much higher than 33Ј44Јpentachlorobi-Ž . Ž . phenyl PCB-126 and 33Ј44Ј55Јhexachlorobiphenyl PCB-169 . For each sample the contribution to the total toxic Ž . equivalent values ⌺TEQs of each non-ortho, mono-ortho and di-ortho substituted PCB congeners was assessed. The overall TEQs calculated for the monitored PCBs, were 10.16 pgrg wet wt. in Italian samples and 1.09 pgrg wet wt. in Ž Chileans ones. In both groups the main contribution to ⌺TEQs were the di-ortho substituted PCB congeners Siena:
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000
The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is a species sensitive to environmental changes caused by h... more The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is a species sensitive to environmental changes caused by human activity. Stranded specimens found along the Adriatic, Baltic and Northern coasts seem to indicate that their diet, reproduction habits and aerials are the most affected ecological aspects of these organisms. We sampled liver, muscle and fat in C. caretta to detect the presence of polychlorobiphenyls
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000
The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PC... more The concentrations of non-ortho-, mono-ortho-, di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs ( ppЈ-DDT and ppЈ-DDE) were measured in fish and bed sediments of the Po River. Three species of cyprinids, nase (Chondrostoma söetta), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), and barbel (Barbus plebejus), were captured in the major Italian river, upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Lambro River. The two carnivorous species, chub and barbel, were found to be the most contaminated, showing muscle tissue concentrations up to eightfold higher than the corresponding upstream fish. DDT concentrations were parallel to PCB changes although at lower values. Despite the increased contamination caused by the input from the Lambro tributary, when fish PCB loads are converted to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents using piscine toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), no specific hazard can be associated to the limited toxic potentials of PCBs. Although these results seem to minimise the risk for the fish community of the Po River, the presence of other organochlorines and halogenated hydrocarbons is very probable in the downstream area, and a more exhaustive hazard assessment, based on further studies, should be undertaken.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2000
and dibutyltin (DBT), were determined in the liver and kidney of striped dolphins ( Stenella coer... more and dibutyltin (DBT), were determined in the liver and kidney of striped dolphins ( Stenella coeruleoalba), bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) and in a fetus of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphi) found stranded along the western Italian and Greek coasts in the period 1992-1994. Butyltin (BT) compounds were detected in almost all the samples analyzed and were higher in the kidney than in the liver. Total BT concentrations were 0.78-8.05 mg g À1 wet wt in kidney and 0.015-1.02 mg g À1 wet wt in liver of S. coeruloealba. Bottlenose dolphins had lower BT concentrations than striped dolphins. Although only one fetal sample was analyzed, it showed the highest BT concentrations of all. Unlike BT concentrations in the other adult dolphins, in the pregnant dolphin they were higher in the liver (4.35 mg g À1 wet wt), suggesting that BTs are transferred from mother to fetus. No significant differences in BT concentrations were found between sexes. Of the breakdown products, DBT was predominant in most liver samples and MBT was more abundant in kidney. Although BT concentrations are known to be found in cetaceans inhabiting waters of developed countries, our observations strongly suggest that concentrations found in S. coeruleoalba were either similar to or higher than those reported for other Stenella species collected from coastal areas close to harbors or marinas.