Kariema Khan | University of South Africa (original) (raw)

Papers by Kariema Khan

Research paper thumbnail of 'Posture for Learning': meeting the postural care needs of children with physical disabilities in mainstream primary schools in England-a research into practice  …

Disability & Rehabilitation, Jan 1, 2011

To explore teachers and teaching assistants' (TAs) views of how ... more To explore teachers and teaching assistants' (TAs) views of how to manage the postural care needs of children with physical disabilities (PD) in mainstream primary schools, with the aim of developing strategies to support teachers and assistants in this role. Qualitative data were gathered from a purposive sample of four primary schools in one county in the U.K. Individual and focus group interviews with 36 teachers and TAs were carried out and used to generate an explanatory framework around their experiences of managing the postural care needs of children with PD. Teachers and TAs in schools were found to have limited understanding of postural management. Very few had personal experience of the benefits of postural care--instead, most appeared to think in terms of 'doing' rather than 'knowing' about postural care. When implementing therapy programmes, teaching staff followed therapists' instructions carefully, but did not understand the purpose of their actions. Participants described the emotional impact of caring for a child with PD and expressed anxieties about causing discomfort when using equipment such as specialist seating and standing frames. Equipment was viewed as bulky, uncomfortable and restrictive and not suited to the school environment. When asked which kinds of support would be valuable, participants identified practical solutions such as additional space or resources. Based on these findings, therapists, specialist teachers and parents developed an 'A-Z of postural care'. This information resource aimed to address the gaps in knowledge and understanding highlighted by teachers and TAs in the interviews and to acknowledge their anxieties when teaching and caring for children with PD. Stakeholder involvement in all aspects of the project from setting the research question to the development of the A-Z resource has assisted in the dissemination of the resource and its integration into the mainstream school system within the county.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion and inclusions: theories and discourses in inclusive education

Inclusive education, Jan 1, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Working towards inclusive education: Social contexts

... upon Tyne NE1 7RU Teaching Assistants: Practical Strategies for Effective Classroom Support M... more ... upon Tyne NE1 7RU Teaching Assistants: Practical Strategies for Effective Classroom Support Maggie Balshaw and Peter Farrell David Fulton, London, 2002, 136 pp., £16 (Pbk), ISBN 1 85346 828 2 The main purpose of this ...

Research paper thumbnail of Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion (Inclusive Education)

"Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion is a sophisticated, mul... more "Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion is a sophisticated, multidisciplinary critique of special education that leaves virtually no intellectual stone unturned. It is a must read for anyone interested in the role and significance of inclusive pedagogy in the new ...

Research paper thumbnail of The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective instruction

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: policy, contexts and comparative perspectives

This publication is based on materials arising out of collaborative work which addresses the ques... more This publication is based on materials arising out of collaborative work which addresses the question of 'inclusive' education in the context of policy and practice in a number of different countries including Australia, England, France, Greece, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden and the USA. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Index for Inclusion: Developing Learning and Participation In Schools.

Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), Rm 2S203 S Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour ... more Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), Rm 2S203 S Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QU, United Kingdom, England (24.50 British pounds). Tel: 0117-344-4007; Fax: 0117-344-4005; Web site: http://www.inclusion.org.uk.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: International voices on disability and justice

UK Falmer Press, 1 Gunpowder Square, London, EC4A 3DE USA Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc.... more UK Falmer Press, 1 Gunpowder Square, London, EC4A 3DE USA Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc., 325 Chestnut Street, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19106 © Keith Ballard 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: romantic, subversive or realistic?

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 1997

This paper seeks to identify some of the key issues involved in the question of inclusive educati... more This paper seeks to identify some of the key issues involved in the question of inclusive education. This includes conceptual, ideological and practical difficulties. Part of a realistic approach to the topic necessitates an understanding of the context in which the struggle for ...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of research on developments in inclusive education

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 2000

This paper begins with a brief review of the development of the concept of inclusive education an... more This paper begins with a brief review of the development of the concept of inclusive education and then discusses the case for inclusion both from a human rights and empirical perspective. This is followed by an analysis of some of the key areas for research on ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: a critical perspective

British Journal of Special Education, Jan 1, 2003

Background. Inclusive education/mainstreaming is a key policy objective for the education of chil... more Background. Inclusive education/mainstreaming is a key policy objective for the education of children and young people with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities.

Research paper thumbnail of Creating an inclusive school

... practices supportive of differentiating instruction for diverse learners, and answers to comm... more ... practices supportive of differentiating instruction for diverse learners, and answers to common questions and concerns about inclusive education. Throughout the book, you will discover moving and compelling" Voices of Inclusion" written by teachers, administrators, and parents ...

Research paper thumbnail of Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study

... Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study. Post a Comment. ... SUBJECT(S): Inc... more ... Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study. Post a Comment. ... SUBJECT(S): Inclusiveeducation; Mainstreaming in education; Ethnic attitudes; Learning disabled children; Case studies;Education (Elementary); Great Britain. DISCIPLINE: No discipline assigned. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Social justice and the changing directions in educational research: the case of inclusive education

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 2001

... to the spirit of the proposition suggests a new research and teacher education agenda that en... more ... to the spirit of the proposition suggests a new research and teacher education agenda that enlists other ... Skidmore, D. (1996) Towards an integrated theoretical framework for research into special educational needs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 11, 33±47. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education for the 21st Century: A New Introduction to Special Education

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion and school reform: Transforming America's classrooms

... VOLUME/EDITION: PAGES (INTRO/BODY): xiv, 414 p. SUBJECT(S): Inclusive education; Mainstreamin... more ... VOLUME/EDITION: PAGES (INTRO/BODY): xiv, 414 p. SUBJECT(S): Inclusive education; Mainstreaming in education; Handicapped children; Educational change; Education; United States. DISCIPLINE: No discipline assigned. LC NUMBER: LC1201 .L56 1997. HTTP: ...

Research paper thumbnail of Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusive Education.

Exceptional Children, Jan 1, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of An international conversation on inclusive education

Inclusive education: Policy contexts and comparative …, Jan 1, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring attitudes toward inclusive education

Psychology in the Schools, Jan 1, 1992

An easily administered 16-item scale was developed to measure attitudes toward inclusive educatio... more An easily administered 16-item scale was developed to measure attitudes toward inclusive education. Principal components analysis yielded four discrete dimensions of inclusive education with satisfactory internal consistency, including physical, academic, behavioral, and social dimensions. Cross-validation procedures provided further evidence of the factor structure and internal consistency of the scale.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing policies for inclusive education: a study of the role of local education authorities

… of inclusive education, Jan 1, 2000

In many parts of the world there is evidence of initiatives aimed at finding ways of creating for... more In many parts of the world there is evidence of initiatives aimed at finding ways of creating forms of mainstream schooling that can respond to pupils with disabilities and others seen as having special educational needs (UNESCO 1995). There is also a growing research literature ...

Research paper thumbnail of 'Posture for Learning': meeting the postural care needs of children with physical disabilities in mainstream primary schools in England-a research into practice  …

Disability & Rehabilitation, Jan 1, 2011

To explore teachers and teaching assistants' (TAs) views of how ... more To explore teachers and teaching assistants' (TAs) views of how to manage the postural care needs of children with physical disabilities (PD) in mainstream primary schools, with the aim of developing strategies to support teachers and assistants in this role. Qualitative data were gathered from a purposive sample of four primary schools in one county in the U.K. Individual and focus group interviews with 36 teachers and TAs were carried out and used to generate an explanatory framework around their experiences of managing the postural care needs of children with PD. Teachers and TAs in schools were found to have limited understanding of postural management. Very few had personal experience of the benefits of postural care--instead, most appeared to think in terms of 'doing' rather than 'knowing' about postural care. When implementing therapy programmes, teaching staff followed therapists' instructions carefully, but did not understand the purpose of their actions. Participants described the emotional impact of caring for a child with PD and expressed anxieties about causing discomfort when using equipment such as specialist seating and standing frames. Equipment was viewed as bulky, uncomfortable and restrictive and not suited to the school environment. When asked which kinds of support would be valuable, participants identified practical solutions such as additional space or resources. Based on these findings, therapists, specialist teachers and parents developed an 'A-Z of postural care'. This information resource aimed to address the gaps in knowledge and understanding highlighted by teachers and TAs in the interviews and to acknowledge their anxieties when teaching and caring for children with PD. Stakeholder involvement in all aspects of the project from setting the research question to the development of the A-Z resource has assisted in the dissemination of the resource and its integration into the mainstream school system within the county.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion and inclusions: theories and discourses in inclusive education

Inclusive education, Jan 1, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Working towards inclusive education: Social contexts

... upon Tyne NE1 7RU Teaching Assistants: Practical Strategies for Effective Classroom Support M... more ... upon Tyne NE1 7RU Teaching Assistants: Practical Strategies for Effective Classroom Support Maggie Balshaw and Peter Farrell David Fulton, London, 2002, 136 pp., £16 (Pbk), ISBN 1 85346 828 2 The main purpose of this ...

Research paper thumbnail of Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion (Inclusive Education)

"Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion is a sophisticated, mul... more "Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion is a sophisticated, multidisciplinary critique of special education that leaves virtually no intellectual stone unturned. It is a must read for anyone interested in the role and significance of inclusive pedagogy in the new ...

Research paper thumbnail of The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective instruction

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: policy, contexts and comparative perspectives

This publication is based on materials arising out of collaborative work which addresses the ques... more This publication is based on materials arising out of collaborative work which addresses the question of 'inclusive' education in the context of policy and practice in a number of different countries including Australia, England, France, Greece, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden and the USA. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Index for Inclusion: Developing Learning and Participation In Schools.

Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), Rm 2S203 S Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour ... more Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), Rm 2S203 S Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QU, United Kingdom, England (24.50 British pounds). Tel: 0117-344-4007; Fax: 0117-344-4005; Web site: http://www.inclusion.org.uk.

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: International voices on disability and justice

UK Falmer Press, 1 Gunpowder Square, London, EC4A 3DE USA Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc.... more UK Falmer Press, 1 Gunpowder Square, London, EC4A 3DE USA Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc., 325 Chestnut Street, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19106 © Keith Ballard 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: romantic, subversive or realistic?

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 1997

This paper seeks to identify some of the key issues involved in the question of inclusive educati... more This paper seeks to identify some of the key issues involved in the question of inclusive education. This includes conceptual, ideological and practical difficulties. Part of a realistic approach to the topic necessitates an understanding of the context in which the struggle for ...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of research on developments in inclusive education

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 2000

This paper begins with a brief review of the development of the concept of inclusive education an... more This paper begins with a brief review of the development of the concept of inclusive education and then discusses the case for inclusion both from a human rights and empirical perspective. This is followed by an analysis of some of the key areas for research on ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive education: a critical perspective

British Journal of Special Education, Jan 1, 2003

Background. Inclusive education/mainstreaming is a key policy objective for the education of chil... more Background. Inclusive education/mainstreaming is a key policy objective for the education of children and young people with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities.

Research paper thumbnail of Creating an inclusive school

... practices supportive of differentiating instruction for diverse learners, and answers to comm... more ... practices supportive of differentiating instruction for diverse learners, and answers to common questions and concerns about inclusive education. Throughout the book, you will discover moving and compelling" Voices of Inclusion" written by teachers, administrators, and parents ...

Research paper thumbnail of Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study

... Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study. Post a Comment. ... SUBJECT(S): Inc... more ... Struggles for inclusive education: An ethnographic study. Post a Comment. ... SUBJECT(S): Inclusiveeducation; Mainstreaming in education; Ethnic attitudes; Learning disabled children; Case studies;Education (Elementary); Great Britain. DISCIPLINE: No discipline assigned. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Social justice and the changing directions in educational research: the case of inclusive education

International Journal of Inclusive Education, Jan 1, 2001

... to the spirit of the proposition suggests a new research and teacher education agenda that en... more ... to the spirit of the proposition suggests a new research and teacher education agenda that enlists other ... Skidmore, D. (1996) Towards an integrated theoretical framework for research into special educational needs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 11, 33±47. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Education for the 21st Century: A New Introduction to Special Education

Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion and school reform: Transforming America's classrooms

... VOLUME/EDITION: PAGES (INTRO/BODY): xiv, 414 p. SUBJECT(S): Inclusive education; Mainstreamin... more ... VOLUME/EDITION: PAGES (INTRO/BODY): xiv, 414 p. SUBJECT(S): Inclusive education; Mainstreaming in education; Handicapped children; Educational change; Education; United States. DISCIPLINE: No discipline assigned. LC NUMBER: LC1201 .L56 1997. HTTP: ...

Research paper thumbnail of Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusive Education.

Exceptional Children, Jan 1, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of An international conversation on inclusive education

Inclusive education: Policy contexts and comparative …, Jan 1, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring attitudes toward inclusive education

Psychology in the Schools, Jan 1, 1992

An easily administered 16-item scale was developed to measure attitudes toward inclusive educatio... more An easily administered 16-item scale was developed to measure attitudes toward inclusive education. Principal components analysis yielded four discrete dimensions of inclusive education with satisfactory internal consistency, including physical, academic, behavioral, and social dimensions. Cross-validation procedures provided further evidence of the factor structure and internal consistency of the scale.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing policies for inclusive education: a study of the role of local education authorities

… of inclusive education, Jan 1, 2000

In many parts of the world there is evidence of initiatives aimed at finding ways of creating for... more In many parts of the world there is evidence of initiatives aimed at finding ways of creating forms of mainstream schooling that can respond to pupils with disabilities and others seen as having special educational needs (UNESCO 1995). There is also a growing research literature ...