Pedro Caraballo | Universidad de Sucre (Sincelejo. Sucre) (original) (raw)

Papers by Pedro Caraballo

Pastos y Forrajes, 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue definir las relaciones tróficas existentes en el agroecosistema d... more El objetivo de este estudio fue definir las relaciones tróficas existentes en el agroecosistema de una granja en la región Sabanas, Sucre, Colombia. Se partió de estudios anteriores en la granja y de observaciones de campo entre los años 2014-2017. Se recopiló información de las especies, la cual permitió agruparlas según su hábito alimenticio en trofoespecies. El flujo de energía se demostró mediante una matriz binaria de interrelaciones, y se analizaron los datos diseñando una red trófica. Se identificaron seis órdenes, dos familias, ocho géneros y 166 especies. De estos grupos se establecieron 11 categorías tróficas: productores, herbívoros, nectarívoros, granívoros, insectívoros, carnívoros, omnívoros, descomponedores, hematófagos, frugívoros y carroñeros, distribuidas en 48 trofoespecies. La red trófica presentó densidad de conexiones de 3,25 y un valor de conectancia de 0,13. Se concluye que la red trófica de los agroecosistemas permitió diferenciar los patrones fundamentales ...

In the limnetic region of the Yahuarcaca and Zapatero floodplains lakes, in the Colombian Amazon,... more In the limnetic region of the Yahuarcaca and Zapatero floodplains lakes, in the Colombian Amazon, monthly measurements were conducted during one year with the goal of evaluating the limnological phases known as high, receding, low, and rising waters for the variables: maximum depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. Significant differences were found among parameters during the four phases, as follows: during the high water period dissolved oxygen and temperature were lower while transparency was higher. During the rising period at the lake Yahuarcaca, pH and conductivity were lower and a different hydrological dynamic was found in contrast to previous studies. Results also indicated that the two lakes had different limnological characteristics, due to the stronger connectivity of the lake Yahuarcaca with the Amazon river.

Acta Scientiarum : Biological Sciences, 2011

Resumen Con el propósito de ampliar el conocimiento de la riqueza íctica del departamento de Sucr... more Resumen Con el propósito de ampliar el conocimiento de la riqueza íctica del departamento de Sucre, durante los meses de Febrero y Junio de 2013, se hicieron recolectas de la fauna íctica en el tramo bajo del Arroyo Grande de Corozal. Se establecieron 10 estaciones de muestreo distribuidas a lo largo de 20 Km, cuatro muestreos en cada una de ellas, con atarraya y red tipo colador. Se registraron 43 especies de peces distribuidas en 7 Órdenes y 23 familias. Las especies con mayor abundancia relativa fueron Cyphocharax magdalenae (41,69%), Astyanax magdalenae (13,39%), Trachelyopterus insignis (4,91%), Nanocheirodon insignis (4,86%) y Triportheus magdalenae (4,74%). De las 43 especies reportadas, 12 son nuevos registros para el departamento de Sucre. Al agrupar las estaciones en dos zonas con cinco estaciones cada una, se encontraron 43 y 28 especies en las zonas cercana y lejana de la ciénaga respectivamente, con 28 especies en común y 15 exclusivas de la zona baja, distribución que ...

Una vez asumida la tarea de estudiar las relaciones troficas en una comunidad, es necesario estab... more Una vez asumida la tarea de estudiar las relaciones troficas en una comunidad, es necesario establecer la estrategia basica de estudio, que puede ser el analisis del contenido estomacal o de las abundancias naturales de isotopos estables en los organismos estudiados. La primera de ellas permite definir que ha ingerido el organismo, siempre y cuando pueda ser identificado, lo que no es tarea facil. Una dificultad adicional viene del hecho que algunos items alimenticios son asimilados mas rapidamente que otros, por lo que pueden ser subestimados en los analisis.

Sustancias como la ivermectina son utilizadas para el control de parasitos internos y externos de... more Sustancias como la ivermectina son utilizadas para el control de parasitos internos y externos del ganado, sin que se haya determinado el efecto sobre la estructura, distribucion y comportamiento de otros organismos, entre ellos los escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera). En ese sentido, no se sabe como influye su uso sobre las pasturas dedicadas a la alimentacion, al disminuir las especies de escarabajos en periodos de sequia, cuando el efecto diluyente de la lluvia no existe. Para estimar este efecto se realizaron recolectas durante tres dias, en cuatro periodos, entre enero y marzo del 2014, en una finca ganadera en las sabanas de la region Caribe colombiana (Sucre). Se tomaron dos parcelas, una con animales tratados con ivermectina (CIv) y otra con animales sin tratamiento (SIv). Los escarabajos se recolectaron utilizando 20 trampas de caida y se revisaron 144 bostas directamente. Se estimo el efecto de la ivermectina y se analizo la relacion entrela precipitacion y el numero de in...

The objective of this study was to define the existing trophic relations in the agroecosystem of ... more The objective of this study was to define the existing trophic relations in the agroecosystem of a farm in the Sabanas region, Sucre, Colombia. The research started from previous studies in the farm and from field observations between 2014 and 2017. Information of the species was compiled, which allowed to group them according to their feeding habits into trophospecies. The energy flow was shown through a binary matrix of interrelations, and the data were analyzed by designing a trophic network. Six orders, two families, eight genera and one 166 six species were identified. From these groups 11 trophic categories were established: producers, herbivores, nectarivores, granivores, insectivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers, hematophages, frugivores and scavengers, distributed in 48 trophospecies. The trophic network showed connection density of 3,25 and a connectance value of 0,13. It is concluded that the trophic network of the agroecosystems allowed to differentiate the fundam...

Resumen El flujo de carbono hasta los niveles superiores en las redes tróficas acuáticas, se pres... more Resumen El flujo de carbono hasta los niveles superiores en las redes tróficas acuáticas, se presenta de dos formas básicas: una corta, basada en la producción fitoplanctónica, conocida como planctónica, y otra más larga, que incluye además las bacterias, protozoarios y el proceso denominado microbial loop (cíclico), llamada red trófica microbiana. Incluir esta otra cadena en los estudios de redes tróficas, complementa la visión general de las redes tróficas acuáticas, hoy limitada en ese aspecto. En ese sentido, el análisis de la abundancia natural de los isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno, es una técnica que permite definir el papel de los grupos tróficos que integran las redes tróficas acuáticas. La proporción de isótopos de carbono define la fuente autótrofa y la proporción de isótopos de nitrógeno permite inferir, basados en el proceso de fraccionamiento trófico, el nivel trófico de los organismos estudiados. Palabras claves: Isótopos estables, ecología acuática, redes tr...

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o papel a alca microbiana no fluxo de carbono de um lago... more O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o papel a alca microbiana no fluxo de carbono de um lago de varzea na Amazonia Central, durante o periodo de novembro de 2007 ate dezembro de 2008. O lago Catalao, localizado na area de confluencia dos rios Negro e Solimoes, frente da cidade de Manaus, foi pesquisado na dinâmica da coluna de agua e a estrutura da rede trofica microbiana. O lago e influenciado pelo rio Negro no inicio da inundacao e pelo Solimoes no final da enchente e a cheia, pelo que o lago e caracterizado como sendo de aguas mistas. A condutividade eletrica, temperatura e oxigenio dissolvido na coluna de agua foram monitorizados metro a metro a cada seis horas em periodos de 24 horas, no intuito de ter um referente abiotico na analise dos dados biologicos. Atraves da analise de isotopos estaveis de carbono e nitrogenio (δ13C e δ15N) foram analisadas a distribuicao sazonal e espacial do fitoplâncton, zooplâncton, larvas de peixes, insetos e detritos nas regioes litorânea, p...

espanolCon el proposito de determinar si existe una periodicidad en la deriva de la entomofauna e... more espanolCon el proposito de determinar si existe una periodicidad en la deriva de la entomofauna en una quebrada de aguas limnologicamente clasificadas como de tipo negras en la Amazonia Central, un muestreo intensivo fue realizado en el Igarape de la Onca, en el kilometro 20 de la carretera que comunica los municipios de Presidente Figuereido y Balbina (Amazonas). Las colectas fueron realizadas con redes fijas de 300 micrometros de malla, en periodos de dos horas de duracion y a intervalos de seis horas, siendo las muestras fijadas en alcohol. La velocidad media de la corriente en la quebrada fue medida en tres sustratos diferentes (rugoso, liso y pedregoso), obteniendo una media de 10 m/seg. La abundancia de individuos no presento diferencia entre los dos puntos de colecta establecidos. En terminos de la periodicidad, se observo una mayor densidad de organismos y riqueza biologica durante el crepusculo (horario de las 18:00-20:00 horas), lo que sugiere una estrategia de respuesta a...

Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA, Jul 12, 2010

Caldasia, 2016

During the hydrological year from December 2007 to November 2008, monthly samplings in the pelagi... more During the hydrological year from December 2007 to November 2008, monthly samplings in the pelagic, littoral and macrophytes zones were conducted in the Lago Catalão, a floodplain lake receiving a mixture of water from Negro and Solimões Rivers, in front of Manaus city. Taxonomic composition and their relative abundance of the planktonic microcrustaceans community was studied. Natural abundances of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes were measured to indicate energy sources. Cladocerans were the most abundant, with a relative abundance of 60%, followed by the calanoid and cyclopoid copepods with relative abundances of 29% and 11%, respectively. Diaphanosoma spp. was the dominant cladoceran group during all the sampling periods. Cladocerans were also represented by Moina spp., Ceriodaphnia spp. and Daphnia gessneri. Three genera of calanoid copepods were found: Notodiaptomus spp, Rhacodiaptomus spp., and Argyrodiaptomus spp. The genus Mesocyclops spp. was identified among the cyclopoid copepods. Zooplankton δ 13 C values indicated that the aquatic macrophyte zone was distinct, with a mean of-27.31‰, which was more enriched than zooplankton in the pelagic and littoral zones, where they had mean δ 13 C values of-33.11 and-34.66‰, respectively. Overall, analysis of stable isotopes showed that regardless of the pathways, the initial source of carbon for the zooplankton was phytoplankton, with a minimal participation of heterotrophic bacteria.

Revista Colombiana De Entomologia, Dec 1, 2013

To characterize foraging activity of the social wasp Polybia emaciata nests were installed in thr... more To characterize foraging activity of the social wasp Polybia emaciata nests were installed in three commercial monocultures (4 nests/culture) in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Observations were made for 36 days between 06:00 and 18:30 hours, with an average of 20 hours of observation per nest and 80 hours per crop. Foragers returned with liquid in 53.2% of the cases, with solid prey in 27.2%, and with building materials in 9.1%; the remaining 11.4% did not carry identifiable loads. The solid diet included prey from the orders Diptera (32.2%), Coleoptera (31%), Hemiptera (13.4%), Lepidoptera (8.8%), Hymenoptera (5.4), Neuroptera (0.8%), Orthoptera (1.1%), Araneae (1.9%), and Isopoda (0.4%); the remaining 5% was no identifiable. Adult insects from families Tephritidae, Chrysomelidae and Lonchaeidae were the most common prey. High temperatures and low relative humidity positively influenced foraging activity. A projection of the data suggests that a nest of P. emaciata may receive 78 prey per day. These results allows quantitative estimates for the use of P. emaciata as an alternative biological control tool for agroecosystems in this region.

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2014

AIM: The aim of this work was to study the diel stratification parameters temperature, dissolved ... more AIM: The aim of this work was to study the diel stratification parameters temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity, providing a more detailed description of a friagem event. METHODS: the mixing behavior of the limnetic water column in Lago Catalão, an Amazon floodplain lake flooded by two of the world’s largest rivers (Solimões and Negro), was studied through diel profiling of temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen, between 2006 and 2007. Measurements were made every four hours at 1m depth intervals to the lake bottom. RESULTS: The water column remained stratified during most of the year with the exception of one month with low water level, when nocturnal mixing occurred and one friagem event during high water (May 2007) when an isothermal temperature profile and an atypical orthograde oxygen profile were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The friagem event, a large drop in air temperatures due to the intrusion of a polar air mass in the Amazon, constitutes an important force in t...

Acta Biológica Colombiana, 2014

To evaluate the seasonal variation and isotopic composition of phytoplankton, water samples were ... more To evaluate the seasonal variation and isotopic composition of phytoplankton, water samples were collected monthly between October 2007 and November 2008 in Lake Catalão, a floodplain lake at the confluence between rivers Negro and Amazon. Analyses of total chlorophyll concentration and δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotopic abundances were made from particulate size fractions of 30-60, 10-30 and <10 µm in the littoral, pelagic, and floating meadows regions. Chlorophyll concentration was found to be inversely associated to lake depth, and high concentrations of chlorophyll in the floating meadows zone were significant. The fraction <10 µm was the most abundant representing in average more than 40 % of the particulate matter. The δ 13 C values were relatively constant during the study (-25.1 ‰ ~-34.0 ‰), whereas the δ 15 N values showed strong variability (15.6 ‰ 2 .4 ‰), which has been attributed to the resuspension of sediments during mixing of the water column. Mixing associated to the sudden drop in temperature during the rising water period was an important event in the trophic and isotopic dynamics of the lake. Variations in chlorophyll content were generally associated with the dilution process, in which concentration was inversely correlated to the water level, whereas abundance was directly correlated to the water level.

Revista MVZ Córdoba, 2009

Objective. To evaluate the effect of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, over the fisheries in the El... more Objective. To evaluate the effect of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, over the fisheries in the El Guájaro reservoir, located in the Atlantico state, north of Colombia. Materials and methods. The reservoir has approximately 14.000 ha, and support the daily effort of 2.500 fisherman, coming from the eight Municipalities around. Through landing samplings carried out during 48 hours and a monthly frequency in all the ports, the abundance and composition of the captures were evaluated during 2002 and compared with the production during 1988 in the same ecosystem. Results. 38 fish species, belonging to 14 families, were identified. It was found that the production in 2002 was 431 ton/month, against 84 ton/month in 1988. During 2002, the composition of the captures was dominated by Oreochromis niloticus (53%) and Triportheus magdalenae (36%) this means a variation in the composition of the captures that during 1988 were respectively of 13% and 73%. This data however, did not affect the proportion of herbivores - carnivorous that stayed constant in 90-10 percent in the two periods of study. Conclusions. The changes in composition and abundance of the whole production suggest a displacement of a native species (Triportheus magdalenae) by an exotic (Oreochromis niloticus), which is being observed throughout the Magdalena river basin in this decade.

Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 2011

Para definir o efeito do seston como fonte de alimento para Ceriodaphnia cornuta e Diaphanosoma s... more Para definir o efeito do seston como fonte de alimento para Ceriodaphnia cornuta e Diaphanosoma spinolosum durante a enchente no lago Catalão (Amazônia Central) foram desenvolvidos experimentos "in situ", utilizando a variação natural de δ 13 C e δ 15 N como traçadores de alimento. As duas espécies tiveram acesso a três diferentes frações de seston (< 10, < 30 e < 60 μm) sendo mantidas em garrafas plásticas de 1,1 L submersas, durante nove dias. As atividades foram iniciadas com uma população de dez indivíduos em cada frasco, com três frascos por cada fração e quatro intervalos de tempo, para um total de 27 frascos por espécie. A cada três dias, foram coletados três frascos e os organismos foram fixados para contagem e observação de parâmetros populacionais. Os organismos nos últimos três frascos de cada fração foram fixados com formalina e usados para análise de isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio. As duas espécies cresceram em todas as frações de alimento, sendo melhor seu desempenho populacional na fração < 30 μm. D. spinolosum e C. cornuta apresentaram enriquecimento nos valores de δ 13 C e δ 15 N, sendo maior na fração < 10 μm. Estes resultados sugerem que as frações do seston testadas produzem diferentes taxas de crescimento populacional e assinaturas isotópicas nos cladóceros. Palavras-chave: dinâmica populacional; cladóceros; ecologia isotópica. ABSTRACT. Population growth and stable isotope analyses of Diaphanosoma spinolosum and Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Crustacea: Cladocera) fed with different seston size fractions. In order to define the effect of seston size fraction as a food source for Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Diaphanosoma spinolosum, in situ experiments using natural abundance of δ 13 C and δ 15 N were carried out during the rising water period in Catalão Lake. Both species were fed with three different fractions of seston from the lake (< 10, < 30 and < 60 μm) and maintained in submerged 1.1 L plastic bottles for nine days. Ten individuals were put in each flask, maintaining three flasks for each fraction, for a total of 27 flasks per species. Every three days we collected three flasks and fixed the individuals for subsequent counting and observation of demographic population parameters. The organisms in the last three flasks of each fraction were fixed for stable isotope analysis of δ 13 C and δ 15 N. Both species grew in all of the food fractions, with the best the performance coming in the < 30 μm fraction. D. spinolosum and C. cornuta showed enrichment in δ 13 C and δ 15 N, which was highest in the < 10 μm fraction for both species. These results show that the seston size fractions tested produce different population growth rates and isotopic signatures in cladocerans.

La ecología como una ciencia experimental y teórica se inicia el siglo pasado, en un proceso vert... more La ecología como una ciencia experimental y teórica se inicia el siglo pasado, en un proceso vertiginoso, definido por la necesidad que la sociedad humana tiene de sus aplicaciones. Esta situación, que guardando las proporciones, asemeja las establecidas en la producción por demanda, genera en muchos casos desinformación general en la medida en que se quiera utilizar la naturaleza de una forma inadecuada. Existe una campaña mediática muy bien estructurada para banalizar la ecología, adjetivando algunos conceptos importantes y complejos en expresiones del tipo "comportamiento ecológico", que es un sinsentido por decir lo menos. Cualquier comportamiento, por nefasto que sea, hace parte de las relaciones entre ese organismo y su ambiente y su estudio es la base de la ecología. En ese contexto presentamos a continuación nuestra opinión científica y académica sobre la ecología, en contraste con la enorme cantidad de información que circula a diario en todos los medios de comuni...

Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA, Jan 11, 2011