Eliano Diana | Università degli Studi di Torino (original) (raw)

Papers by Eliano Diana

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of dyestuffs in historical textiles: Strong and weak points of a non-invasive approach

The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain cou... more The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain countless beautiful colours. It is hard to disclose which dyestuff has been used to dye a historical or an archaeological textile through non-invasive analytical techniques; therefore invasive analytical strategies, which require sampling, are generally employed to face this task. Some useful indication may nevertheless derive from the electronic transitions of dyes supported on the fibres and the signals can be easily recorded by reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The use of portable instruments equipped with fibre optics allows operation in-situ directly on the surface of the samples, through a non-invasive approach which is particularly suitable for the inspection of historical or archaeological samples. In this paper, the strong and weak points of visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy are discussed, in order to highlight its possible application as a first non-invasive step of a multi-technique analytical strategy devoted to the recognition of natural dyestuffs in ancient textile artefacts. Visible fibre optics reflectance spectra were collected from a large set of reference samples (wool and silk) coloured through various dyestuffs and dyeing procedures, in order to identify the signals of the coloured species that impregnate the fibres. The position of minimum, maximum and inflection points in the reflectance spectra was evaluated and critically discussed, in order to identify the signals which are not contingent to dyeing procedures or to the fibre typology, and that can be therefore confidently used for analytical purposes. In particular, wavelength intervals were defined, in which the characteristic signals of the investigated dyestuffs (indigo, woad, Saxon blue, logwood, cochineal, madder, brazilwood, old fustic, weld, turmeric and saffron) are expected. It emerged that visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy is poorly selective for yellow dyes based on curcumins and flavonoids, while it generally succeeds in detecting the other dyestuffs considered herein. The information obtained from the reference sample set was then exploited to analyze an embroidered cloth dated from the seventeenth century. Preliminary information obtained via visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy was confirmed, or integrated, by the results obtained through liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry on extracts obtained from some coloured threads sampled from the historical cloth.

Research paper thumbnail of Benzene and Tropilium Metal Complexes. Intra- and Intermolecular Interaction Evidenced by Vibrational Analysis:  The BlueShift Hydrogen Bond

Research paper thumbnail of Transfiguring biodegradation of frescoes in the Beata Vergine del Pilone Sanctuary (Italy): Microbial analysis and minero-chemical aspects

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the analysis of red lake pigments in painting layers mounted in cross sections

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and theoretical charge density of hydrated cupric acetate

Research paper thumbnail of Benzene and Tropilium Metal Complexes. Intra- and Intermolecular Interaction Evidenced by Vibrational Analysis:  The Blue-Shift Hydrogen Bond

Research paper thumbnail of The Vibrational Spectra of the Cyanide Ligand Revisited: Double Bridging Cyanides

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic study of the donor?acceptor complexes between fluorene and D2h cyano molecular building blocksElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The 6 model structures 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b after periodic full geometry optimisation have been submitte...

CrystEngComm, 2003

ABSTRACT Three solid molecular complexes of fluorene with electron-withdrawing tetracyanoethylene... more ABSTRACT Three solid molecular complexes of fluorene with electron-withdrawing tetracyanoethylene, 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and 7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data elucidated the order-disorder aspects of the crystal structures ascribed to the different molecular symmetries of the employed building blocks. This hypothesis was confirmed by the structural and energetic results of ab initio periodic calculations. Donor-acceptor solid state interactions between molecular counterparts have been highlighted by electron and vibrational IR and Raman solid state spectroscopy, indicating a significant extent of electron density transfer from the fluorene unit towards the cyano-molecules. The experimental evidences of donor-acceptor interactions between molecular counterparts were compared to the lattice energies and solid state band-gaps, obtained by periodic calculations, and to the cluster HOMO-LUMO differences, obtained by isolated cluster calculations. A good agreement between spectral and theoretical data was found. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2003.

Research paper thumbnail of Blue and red shift hydrogen bonds in crystalline cobaltocinium complexes

New Journal of Chemistry, 2012

... Eliano Diana*a, Michele R. Chierottia, Edoardo MC Marcheseb, Gianluca Croceb, Marco Milanesio... more ... Eliano Diana*a, Michele R. Chierottia, Edoardo MC Marcheseb, Gianluca Croceb, Marco Milanesiob and Pier Luigi Stanghellini*b. a Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of dyestuffs in historical textiles: Strong and weak points of a non-invasive approach

The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain cou... more The dyers of the past exploited a number of natural dyestuffs and dyeing procedures to obtain countless beautiful colours. It is hard to disclose which dyestuff has been used to dye a historical or an archaeological textile through non-invasive analytical techniques; therefore invasive analytical strategies, which require sampling, are generally employed to face this task. Some useful indication may nevertheless derive from the electronic transitions of dyes supported on the fibres and the signals can be easily recorded by reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The use of portable instruments equipped with fibre optics allows operation in-situ directly on the surface of the samples, through a non-invasive approach which is particularly suitable for the inspection of historical or archaeological samples. In this paper, the strong and weak points of visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy are discussed, in order to highlight its possible application as a first non-invasive step of a multi-technique analytical strategy devoted to the recognition of natural dyestuffs in ancient textile artefacts. Visible fibre optics reflectance spectra were collected from a large set of reference samples (wool and silk) coloured through various dyestuffs and dyeing procedures, in order to identify the signals of the coloured species that impregnate the fibres. The position of minimum, maximum and inflection points in the reflectance spectra was evaluated and critically discussed, in order to identify the signals which are not contingent to dyeing procedures or to the fibre typology, and that can be therefore confidently used for analytical purposes. In particular, wavelength intervals were defined, in which the characteristic signals of the investigated dyestuffs (indigo, woad, Saxon blue, logwood, cochineal, madder, brazilwood, old fustic, weld, turmeric and saffron) are expected. It emerged that visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy is poorly selective for yellow dyes based on curcumins and flavonoids, while it generally succeeds in detecting the other dyestuffs considered herein. The information obtained from the reference sample set was then exploited to analyze an embroidered cloth dated from the seventeenth century. Preliminary information obtained via visible fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy was confirmed, or integrated, by the results obtained through liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry on extracts obtained from some coloured threads sampled from the historical cloth.

Research paper thumbnail of Benzene and Tropilium Metal Complexes. Intra- and Intermolecular Interaction Evidenced by Vibrational Analysis:  The BlueShift Hydrogen Bond

Research paper thumbnail of Transfiguring biodegradation of frescoes in the Beata Vergine del Pilone Sanctuary (Italy): Microbial analysis and minero-chemical aspects

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the analysis of red lake pigments in painting layers mounted in cross sections

Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental and theoretical charge density of hydrated cupric acetate

Research paper thumbnail of Benzene and Tropilium Metal Complexes. Intra- and Intermolecular Interaction Evidenced by Vibrational Analysis:  The Blue-Shift Hydrogen Bond

Research paper thumbnail of The Vibrational Spectra of the Cyanide Ligand Revisited: Double Bridging Cyanides

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic study of the donor?acceptor complexes between fluorene and D2h cyano molecular building blocksElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The 6 model structures 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b after periodic full geometry optimisation have been submitte...

CrystEngComm, 2003

ABSTRACT Three solid molecular complexes of fluorene with electron-withdrawing tetracyanoethylene... more ABSTRACT Three solid molecular complexes of fluorene with electron-withdrawing tetracyanoethylene, 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and 7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data elucidated the order-disorder aspects of the crystal structures ascribed to the different molecular symmetries of the employed building blocks. This hypothesis was confirmed by the structural and energetic results of ab initio periodic calculations. Donor-acceptor solid state interactions between molecular counterparts have been highlighted by electron and vibrational IR and Raman solid state spectroscopy, indicating a significant extent of electron density transfer from the fluorene unit towards the cyano-molecules. The experimental evidences of donor-acceptor interactions between molecular counterparts were compared to the lattice energies and solid state band-gaps, obtained by periodic calculations, and to the cluster HOMO-LUMO differences, obtained by isolated cluster calculations. A good agreement between spectral and theoretical data was found. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2003.

Research paper thumbnail of Blue and red shift hydrogen bonds in crystalline cobaltocinium complexes

New Journal of Chemistry, 2012

... Eliano Diana*a, Michele R. Chierottia, Edoardo MC Marcheseb, Gianluca Croceb, Marco Milanesio... more ... Eliano Diana*a, Michele R. Chierottia, Edoardo MC Marcheseb, Gianluca Croceb, Marco Milanesiob and Pier Luigi Stanghellini*b. a Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy. ...