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Papers by susan eghrari
As forças globalizadoras, a intensa urbanização e os fluxos de informação, mercados e pessoas atu... more As forças globalizadoras, a intensa urbanização e os fluxos de informação, mercados e pessoas atuam dinamicamente na formação de grandes aglomerados de cidades interligadas, constituindo metrópoles. Em conjuntos metropolitanos de diferentes continentes, a amplitude de problemas e a necessidade de serviços de interesse comum requerem formas complexas de gerenciamento. No Brasil, uma fase desenvolvimentista definiu inicialmente nove regiões metropolitanas e representou décadas de institucionalização centralizada. Mesmo diante de processos estabelecidos de planejamento e disponibilidade de recursos, essas áreas apresentaram dificuldades crescentes. Uma fase de redemocratização estabeleceu tendências a um aumento das entidades metropolitanas, em um quadro de descentralização, descrédito do planejamento centralizado e reduzido apoio financeiro. Uma fase mais recente, neodesenvolvimentista, encontra mais de 50 regiões metropolitanas e mostra tendências a uma descentralização e a diferente...
In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax d... more In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax during the 1990’s. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution adopted decentralization and municipalization as a rule to its federation system and the increase of globalization forces over the country, mainly affected metropolitan regions. An overview points out a tributary competition, the so called fiscal war, which engendered competitive and predatory processes that have downgraded the importance of the Federal State. An enterprise attitude adopted by state level governments in order to attract economic activities and maximize their local taxing incomes focused in municipalities within metropolitan regions, or even the metropolises themselves. A comparative research is pursued in this paper within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. In both cases, through their different governanc...
Susan Eghrari, 2021
A invisibilidade da mulher arquiteta na história da arquitetura e urbanismo não faz justiça à gra... more A invisibilidade da mulher arquiteta na história da arquitetura e urbanismo não faz justiça à grande
produção de obras realizadas por mulheres e que sua autoria não é reconhecida. Seus trabalhos, obras
e produções devem ser apresentados e reconhecidos, bem como a narrativa de suas autoras, a fim de
que as atuais gerações de homens e mulheres possam ter um vislumbre de suas realizações e
contribuições. Neste trabalho é feito um paralelo das três ondas feministas, durante mais de um século,
as reivindicações e demandas de cada onda com os mesmos períodos da historiografia da mulher
arquiteta e suas conquistas e influências. O resultado mostra que o ocultamento da produção feminina
atrasa a implementação de soluções para a qualidade do espaço urbano.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: historiografia; feminismo; arquitetas
Palavras-chave políticas territoriais urbanas; governança local; Plano Plurianual Introdução O pr... more Palavras-chave políticas territoriais urbanas; governança local; Plano Plurianual Introdução O processo de governança implica a participação da sociedade e do poder público no planejamento e ação das políticas públicas. De acordo com Eghrari (2013) um sistema de governança abarca quatro dinâmicas: articulação governamental, arranjos institucionais, gestão dos recursos financeiros e planejamento participativo. Políticas públicas são ações planejadas do governo realizadas por diferentes organismos governamentais. As políticas públicas
Metropolitan regions in Brazil have entered a global competition and are within the competence of... more Metropolitan regions in Brazil have entered a global competition and are within the competence of the state governments, since the country's new Constitution was approved in 1988, when a retraction of the federal government on metropolitan issues occurred. This paper focuses on the institutional arrangements and innovative experiences of Brazilian metropolitan regions, which currently count over thirty, whether their management structure obey a vertical model or inter-municipal consortia. Through a comparative method research of some recent metropolitan experiences, analyzed issues include: a) representative structure, b) governance structure and c) urban planning and management competences. Providing this background, this paper addresses innovative forms of metropolitan institutional arrangements and proposals that can be constructed.
XII Seminário de História da Cidade e do Urbanismo, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Oct 6, 2010
Este trabalho visa identificar algumas abordagens de governança territorial em três metrópoles do... more Este trabalho visa identificar algumas abordagens de governança territorial em três metrópoles do Canadá: Toronto, Montreal e Vancouver. São expostos os aspectos estruturais e institucionais metropolitanos, as atribuições do planejamento nas áreas metropolitanas, a governança no governo local e as interrelações entre as esferas governamentais destas metrópoles com os governos das províncias e federal. Por meio destes quadros comparativos chega-se a interpretações e conclusões que realçam a compreensão das questões emergentes na agenda metropolitana destas regiões.
International Seminar Governing the Meteropolis, Nov 28, 2012
In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax d... more In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax during the 1990’s. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution adopted decentralization and municipalization as a rule to its federation system and the increase of globalization forces over the country, mainly affected metropolitan regions. An overview points out a tributary competition, the so called fiscal war, which engendered competitive and predatory processes that have downgraded the importance of the Federal State. An enterprise attitude adopted by state level governments in order to attract economic activities and maximize their local taxing incomes focused in municipalities within metropolitan regions, or even the metropolises themselves. A comparative research is pursued in this paper within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. In both cases, through their different governance models, identified in this study, while the first seeks to agglutinate a set of public and private actors to integrate metropolitan plans and programs and give voice to public participation, the latter, Salvador, has an incipient articulation in governmental spheres and public participation.
An exploratory investigation considers that metropolitan regions that have institutional arrangements which promote articulations in horizontal and vertical partnerships and insert public participation tools in their governance agenda are more prone than others to reap the benefits of collaborative governance. The outcome of these issues is analyzed through the application of two urban legal frameworks in Belo Horizonte and Salvador: Participatory Budgeting and Public Consortia Law. The practice of these two mechanisms, the governance structure of the metropolitan regions and the articulations within municipalities of the same metropolitan region suggest the role of metropolitan governance as a less destructive form of global insertion.
A comparative research is pursued within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. Through the application of two urban legal frameworks, Participatory Budgeting and Public Consortia Law, the outcome of this study reveals that public participation tools in a metropolitan region governance agenda is more prone to reap the benefits of collaborative governance.
Conference Presentations by susan eghrari
In the globalized age, largely populated metropolitan areas, typically bringing together a number... more In the globalized age, largely populated metropolitan areas, typically bringing together a number of different cities and extending over wide territories, face growing social, economic and environmental problems. International experience shows that, faced with resource constraints and conflicting interests, metropolitan management is, by and large, mostly ineffective while contributing to aggravate existing inequalities. Having to face rapid urban growth, housing shortages, informality and poverty, the Brazilian experience in metropolitan planning also reveals serious shortcomings. It can be argued that, since 1973, reflecting changing tendencies of the central administration, metropolitan management in Brazil underwent three stages. The first was a developmental phase, which spanned decades of centralized planning, and in which public agencies had access to a stream of financial resources. The second was a phase of neoliberal policies, which promoted decentralization and discredited centralized planning, and in which metropolitan agencies received reduced financial support. The third is a more recent, neo-developmental phase, which tends towards decentralization and social participation, and in which agencies are faced with insufficient resources and spreading problems. The lack of top-down directives and the absence of a national urban policy, as well as the 1988 National Constitution determination that the states establish metropolitan regions, gave rise to a multiplication in the number of these official agglomerations. Among various tendencies, four types of agencies and institutional provisions emerge, represented in the following metropolitan regions: Salvador, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte and the Great ABC Intercity Consortium 3. Aside from regional inequalities, each will have distinct historical paths which emerge in different social, economic and political situations and contribute to produce a setting which brings together resources and drawbacks. The assembly of institutional and political conditions that support the creation and implementation of common endeavors in a given setting can be understood as governance. One of the assumptions of this study is that qualified institutionalization, social organization and wide participation are factors in building a governance system, which occurs through the provision of public functions of common interest and the formulation of a shared metropolitan agenda. Hence, the objective of this article is to identify the scope and limits of different metropolitan governance arrangements in Brazil. An approximation to the metropolitan region of Montreal, whose regional authority dates back from the 1970s, guided an exploratory research including visits and interviews with key influential groups related to metropolitan planning. The aim was to elicit criteria expressing governance
As forças globalizadoras, a intensa urbanização e os fluxos de informação, mercados e pessoas atu... more As forças globalizadoras, a intensa urbanização e os fluxos de informação, mercados e pessoas atuam dinamicamente na formação de grandes aglomerados de cidades interligadas, constituindo metrópoles. Em conjuntos metropolitanos de diferentes continentes, a amplitude de problemas e a necessidade de serviços de interesse comum requerem formas complexas de gerenciamento. No Brasil, uma fase desenvolvimentista definiu inicialmente nove regiões metropolitanas e representou décadas de institucionalização centralizada. Mesmo diante de processos estabelecidos de planejamento e disponibilidade de recursos, essas áreas apresentaram dificuldades crescentes. Uma fase de redemocratização estabeleceu tendências a um aumento das entidades metropolitanas, em um quadro de descentralização, descrédito do planejamento centralizado e reduzido apoio financeiro. Uma fase mais recente, neodesenvolvimentista, encontra mais de 50 regiões metropolitanas e mostra tendências a uma descentralização e a diferente...
In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax d... more In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax during the 1990’s. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution adopted decentralization and municipalization as a rule to its federation system and the increase of globalization forces over the country, mainly affected metropolitan regions. An overview points out a tributary competition, the so called fiscal war, which engendered competitive and predatory processes that have downgraded the importance of the Federal State. An enterprise attitude adopted by state level governments in order to attract economic activities and maximize their local taxing incomes focused in municipalities within metropolitan regions, or even the metropolises themselves. A comparative research is pursued in this paper within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. In both cases, through their different governanc...
Susan Eghrari, 2021
A invisibilidade da mulher arquiteta na história da arquitetura e urbanismo não faz justiça à gra... more A invisibilidade da mulher arquiteta na história da arquitetura e urbanismo não faz justiça à grande
produção de obras realizadas por mulheres e que sua autoria não é reconhecida. Seus trabalhos, obras
e produções devem ser apresentados e reconhecidos, bem como a narrativa de suas autoras, a fim de
que as atuais gerações de homens e mulheres possam ter um vislumbre de suas realizações e
contribuições. Neste trabalho é feito um paralelo das três ondas feministas, durante mais de um século,
as reivindicações e demandas de cada onda com os mesmos períodos da historiografia da mulher
arquiteta e suas conquistas e influências. O resultado mostra que o ocultamento da produção feminina
atrasa a implementação de soluções para a qualidade do espaço urbano.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: historiografia; feminismo; arquitetas
Palavras-chave políticas territoriais urbanas; governança local; Plano Plurianual Introdução O pr... more Palavras-chave políticas territoriais urbanas; governança local; Plano Plurianual Introdução O processo de governança implica a participação da sociedade e do poder público no planejamento e ação das políticas públicas. De acordo com Eghrari (2013) um sistema de governança abarca quatro dinâmicas: articulação governamental, arranjos institucionais, gestão dos recursos financeiros e planejamento participativo. Políticas públicas são ações planejadas do governo realizadas por diferentes organismos governamentais. As políticas públicas
Metropolitan regions in Brazil have entered a global competition and are within the competence of... more Metropolitan regions in Brazil have entered a global competition and are within the competence of the state governments, since the country's new Constitution was approved in 1988, when a retraction of the federal government on metropolitan issues occurred. This paper focuses on the institutional arrangements and innovative experiences of Brazilian metropolitan regions, which currently count over thirty, whether their management structure obey a vertical model or inter-municipal consortia. Through a comparative method research of some recent metropolitan experiences, analyzed issues include: a) representative structure, b) governance structure and c) urban planning and management competences. Providing this background, this paper addresses innovative forms of metropolitan institutional arrangements and proposals that can be constructed.
XII Seminário de História da Cidade e do Urbanismo, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Oct 6, 2010
Este trabalho visa identificar algumas abordagens de governança territorial em três metrópoles do... more Este trabalho visa identificar algumas abordagens de governança territorial em três metrópoles do Canadá: Toronto, Montreal e Vancouver. São expostos os aspectos estruturais e institucionais metropolitanos, as atribuições do planejamento nas áreas metropolitanas, a governança no governo local e as interrelações entre as esferas governamentais destas metrópoles com os governos das províncias e federal. Por meio destes quadros comparativos chega-se a interpretações e conclusões que realçam a compreensão das questões emergentes na agenda metropolitana destas regiões.
International Seminar Governing the Meteropolis, Nov 28, 2012
In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax d... more In Brazil, the synergy of processes of decentralization and globalization have come to a climax during the 1990’s. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution adopted decentralization and municipalization as a rule to its federation system and the increase of globalization forces over the country, mainly affected metropolitan regions. An overview points out a tributary competition, the so called fiscal war, which engendered competitive and predatory processes that have downgraded the importance of the Federal State. An enterprise attitude adopted by state level governments in order to attract economic activities and maximize their local taxing incomes focused in municipalities within metropolitan regions, or even the metropolises themselves. A comparative research is pursued in this paper within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. In both cases, through their different governance models, identified in this study, while the first seeks to agglutinate a set of public and private actors to integrate metropolitan plans and programs and give voice to public participation, the latter, Salvador, has an incipient articulation in governmental spheres and public participation.
An exploratory investigation considers that metropolitan regions that have institutional arrangements which promote articulations in horizontal and vertical partnerships and insert public participation tools in their governance agenda are more prone than others to reap the benefits of collaborative governance. The outcome of these issues is analyzed through the application of two urban legal frameworks in Belo Horizonte and Salvador: Participatory Budgeting and Public Consortia Law. The practice of these two mechanisms, the governance structure of the metropolitan regions and the articulations within municipalities of the same metropolitan region suggest the role of metropolitan governance as a less destructive form of global insertion.
A comparative research is pursued within two metropolitan regions in Brazil as to their metropolitan management, facing forces of decentralization and globalization: Belo Horizonte and Salvador. Through the application of two urban legal frameworks, Participatory Budgeting and Public Consortia Law, the outcome of this study reveals that public participation tools in a metropolitan region governance agenda is more prone to reap the benefits of collaborative governance.
In the globalized age, largely populated metropolitan areas, typically bringing together a number... more In the globalized age, largely populated metropolitan areas, typically bringing together a number of different cities and extending over wide territories, face growing social, economic and environmental problems. International experience shows that, faced with resource constraints and conflicting interests, metropolitan management is, by and large, mostly ineffective while contributing to aggravate existing inequalities. Having to face rapid urban growth, housing shortages, informality and poverty, the Brazilian experience in metropolitan planning also reveals serious shortcomings. It can be argued that, since 1973, reflecting changing tendencies of the central administration, metropolitan management in Brazil underwent three stages. The first was a developmental phase, which spanned decades of centralized planning, and in which public agencies had access to a stream of financial resources. The second was a phase of neoliberal policies, which promoted decentralization and discredited centralized planning, and in which metropolitan agencies received reduced financial support. The third is a more recent, neo-developmental phase, which tends towards decentralization and social participation, and in which agencies are faced with insufficient resources and spreading problems. The lack of top-down directives and the absence of a national urban policy, as well as the 1988 National Constitution determination that the states establish metropolitan regions, gave rise to a multiplication in the number of these official agglomerations. Among various tendencies, four types of agencies and institutional provisions emerge, represented in the following metropolitan regions: Salvador, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte and the Great ABC Intercity Consortium 3. Aside from regional inequalities, each will have distinct historical paths which emerge in different social, economic and political situations and contribute to produce a setting which brings together resources and drawbacks. The assembly of institutional and political conditions that support the creation and implementation of common endeavors in a given setting can be understood as governance. One of the assumptions of this study is that qualified institutionalization, social organization and wide participation are factors in building a governance system, which occurs through the provision of public functions of common interest and the formulation of a shared metropolitan agenda. Hence, the objective of this article is to identify the scope and limits of different metropolitan governance arrangements in Brazil. An approximation to the metropolitan region of Montreal, whose regional authority dates back from the 1970s, guided an exploratory research including visits and interviews with key influential groups related to metropolitan planning. The aim was to elicit criteria expressing governance