Enema OJ | University Of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Of Nigeria (original) (raw)

Papers by Enema OJ

$Research paper thumbnail of GC-MS chemical profiling and anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane fractions from Dracaena arborea (Willd.) Link Asparagaceae in mice$

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied ScienceResearch, 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory p... more Background: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory properties of dichloromethane fractions derived from the leaf, stem, and root of Dracaena arborea. Methods: Plant materials were collected, dried at 40ºC, and powdered. The powders were macerated with 70% ethanol for 72 hours, and the extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. After defatting with n-hexane, the extracts were partitioned with dichloromethane, yielding fractions for leaf (Dal), stem (Das), and root (Dar). Phytochemical analysis was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using egg albumin-and xylene-induced oedema models in mice. Results: The fractions significantly reduced topical oedema (p≤0.05) in mice compared to dexamethasone (4 mg/kg), a standard anti-inflammatory drug. GC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds with known anti-inflammatory properties, including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, oleic acid, and gamma-sitosterol. Conclusion: The presence of these lipophilic compounds in the leaf, stem, and root of D. arborea may account for the observed anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting the plant's potential therapeutic value.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2024

Inflammatory and pain-related disorders constitute a significant global health burden, often trea... more Inflammatory and pain-related disorders constitute a significant global health burden, often treated with synthetic drugs that can elicit adverse side effects. The Annonaceae family, a botanical group traditionally employed in various cultures for its therapeutic properties, has shown potential as a source of natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. This review paper aims to critically evaluate the scientific literature on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the Annonaceae family to consolidate current knowledge, highlight research gaps, and suggest directions for future research. The methodology of this review involved a systematic search of databases for studies on Annonaceae species, focusing on their reported uses in traditional medicine and the scientific validation of these uses. Studies were included if they provided data on the phytochemical content, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action related to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The results indicate that several species within the Annonaceae family contain bioactive compounds, such as acetogenins, alkaloids, and essential oils, which exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Some notable examples include Annona muricata, Annona senegalensis, and Annona squamosa, which have been documented for their potential in treating a variety of inflammatory and painful conditions. Pharmacological screenings have provided evidence supporting the traditional uses of these plants, demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing inflammation and pain in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The Annonaceae family shows great promise as a natural source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds. However, more rigorous scientific studies, including clinical trials, are essential to fully understand the therapeutic potential and safety profile of these plant species. This review underscores the need for further exploration of Annonaceae species, to develop safer, natural alternatives to synthetic drugs for the management of pain and inflammation.

European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2024

Plants have played a significant role in preventing degenerative diseases and maintaining good he... more Plants have played a significant role in preventing degenerative diseases and maintaining good health. Dennettia tripetala is used for the treatment of pains and inflammations, as an antimicrobial agent, relief of respiratory disorders and for the treatment of fever. This study aims to evaluate the chemical profile and antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Dennettia tripetala. The stem bark was collected, air-dried, and extracted with 70% methanol. Quantitative phytochemical screening of the methanol extract was performed to determine the concentrations of tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids using in vitro techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions was evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays and determination of total phenolic content. The IC50 values were determined using GraphPad Prism 9. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including phenol, eugenol, caryophyllene, naphthalene, trimethyl arsenate, and other phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The methanol extract and its fractions demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with high concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids contributing to their potency. The FRAP, DPPH, and NO scavenging assays confirmed the extract's ability to neutralize free radicals. The study concludes that the stem bark of D. tripetala possesses substantial antioxidant properties, which supports its traditional use in managing oxidative stress-related ailments.

IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy, 2024

Dennetia tripetala BAK. F. is a plant traditionally used in Nigeria for its therapeutic propertie... more Dennetia tripetala BAK. F. is a plant traditionally used in Nigeria for its therapeutic properties including the treatment of inflammations. This study aims to investigate the biochemical profile and in vitro antioxidant properties of the root of D. tripetala. The research utilized Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify bioactive compounds and employed quantitative phytochemical screening to measure the concentrations of key phytochemicals. The antioxidant activity of the root of D. tripetala and their fractions was determined using methods such as total phenolic content determination, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed a total phenolic content of 231 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 313.8 µg QE/g. Among the fractions tested, the dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest free radical inhibition. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the methanol extract of the root. These findings suggest that the root of D. tripetala has substantial antioxidant potential due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content, supporting its traditional medicinal use and indicating its potential for developing natural antioxidant therapies.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thon) Taubert (Mimosaceae) has numerous e... more ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thon) Taubert (Mimosaceae) has numerous ethnopharmacological relevance, the plant has played significant roles in the management of numerous health conditions including ulcer, inflammations, arthritis, malaria and even as molluscicidal agent. This research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of both fractions and volatile oil of leaf of T. tetraptera. Soxhlet apparatus was used in extraction of the leaves into fractions of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Determination of total phenolic content, ferric reducing powers (FRAP) assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, were used to determine the antioxidant power. Isolation and purification of volatile oils of n-hexane fraction involved chromatographic techniques. Results of total phenolic content showed that methanol fraction had highest phenolic content of 16.66±0.0012 mg, and 4.165 mg GAE/g, and this is statistically significance at p<0.001. DPPH radical scavenging activity assay also showed an increase in percentage inhibition with a corresponding increase in concentration, sample NH1 (volatile oil) showed greater percentage inhibition of 80 %, and was statistically significant at p<0.001. The FRAP assay also showed an increase in percentage inhibition with a corresponding increase in concentration, this is also significant at p<0.001. The GC-MS of the volatile oil showed the presence of 25 compounds which are basically esters, terpenoids, alkenes, alkanes and fatty acids. From the results of this study, it can be inferred that various fractions and volatile oil of leaf of T. tetraptera may be used as antioxidant agents. Br J Phar Med Res Copyright©2019 OJ Enema et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taubert (Mimosaceae) also known as Aridan in Yoruba (Nig... more Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taubert (Mimosaceae) also known as Aridan in Yoruba (Nigeria) has been used as an Ethno Pharmacological agent for the treatment of numerous diseases including inflammation, arthritis, hypertension and even as an antioxidant agent. The present study is aimed at investigating the bioactive components of fixed oil of leaf of T. tetraptera. Extraction of plant material was carried out using soxhlet apparatus to obtain fraction of n-hexane, isolation of fixed oil was carried out by open column chromatography and analysis of bioactive components of fixed oil was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The result of this study showed the presence of thirty one (31) compounds which are basically esters, alkanes, alkenes, terpenoids, fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds have reported pharmacological activities and thus can be used as pharmacological agent.

Studies were conducted to ascertain the effects of various pre-sowing treatments and nut orientat... more Studies were conducted to ascertain the effects of various pre-sowing treatments and nut orientation on emergence and seedling growth of seeds of Tectona grandis. Results showed that of the pre-sowing treatments, SDSA, TR, SHW, 30 minutes and TC followed by IN performed generally in terms of rate and percentage emergence as well as seedling vigour compared with the other treatments. SDSA however, manifested to do better in many aspects considered. Of the different nut orientations, BEU gave higher percentage emergence. It also emerged faster than other categories. BEU showed better seedling vigour and growth than seedling from nut planted in other orientations. These results which were obtained after statistical analysis of data using ANOVA and DNMRT showed that pre-treatments and positions of placement of nuts of Tectona grandis could enhance early emergence better performance of seedlings. This study revealed and also placed Tectona grandis alongside cashew-Anarcadium occidentale and shea butter-Vitellaria paradoxa in which nut orientation determine the rate and amount of emergence.

Poor sexual performance is a major factor that affects the quality of life. Sexual health require... more Poor sexual performance is a major factor that affects the quality of life. Sexual health requires a positive approach to human sexuality. Cardiovascular leakages and diabetes are the major factors that are responsible for poor sexual performance and reproductive health. This review is aimed at reviewing the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of various medicinal plants used for the improvement of sexual performance and virility. Psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and traditional methods have been used in the management of poor sexual performance and virility. Drugs such as papaverin, alprostaldin and stimulants like apomorphine have been used to improve sexual health. The use of plant such as Panax ginseng C. Jack (Simaroubaceae) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) have been established in the management of sexual dysfunction. The aphrodisiac activities of plants may be as result of their bioactive constituents. This research has therefore shown that the reviewed plants can be used for the management of poor sexual performance and virility. _____________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Sound sexual and reproductive health is one of the major factors that contribute to happy family and good self-esteem among several men and women. Infertility has also played a major role in the disintegration of many families. Sexual health requires a positive approach to human sexuality and an understanding of the complex factors that shape human sexual behaviour [1]. Whether the expression of sexuality leads to sexual health and well-being or to sexual behaviour that put people at risk; it is determined by these factors which could also result to sexual and reproductive ill health [2]. Sexual performance anxiety is a cisgender and very real, upsetting, legitimate health and significant issue. It is no secret that our patriarchal culture at large does not understand women sexuality. Because of all the unnecessary and damaging "mystery'' surrounding female sexual desire, performance anxiety for women is not often discussed because we don't really know how to discuss it. For men, sexual performance is an ability to maintain an erection throughout the period of sexual intercourse and this ability of men's penis to stay erected hard for the duration of sex is a guarantee for a climax. For women, when sexual act creates fear, stress and worry, the

Inflammation is seen as a protective response of tissues to harmful stimuli and inflammatory diso... more Inflammation is seen as a protective response of tissues to harmful stimuli and inflammatory disorders are synonymous to man's existence owing to lifestyle changes, environmental hazards and genealogical influences. In many folk medicines, crude drugs are the first line treatment in these conditions. The aim of this review was to survey some anti-inflammatory constituents from plant sources, their mechanism(s) of actions and their structural types using some published academic articles. The survey revealed many chemical moieties as anti-inflammatory agents and also implicated alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, coumarin and anthraquinone as the major chemical classes of compounds with various mechanisms of actions that are associated with anti-inflammatory processes. This study lends credence to the fact that there are many chemical entities in plants that could serve as anti-inflammatory agents and also concludes the involvement of many chemical classes of compounds as anti-inflammatory in activity.

Books by Enema OJ

BP International , 2024

these findings. The IC50 values confirmed the potency of the extract as an antioxidant agent, wit... more these findings. The IC50 values confirmed the potency of the extract as an antioxidant agent, with the methanol extract at 0.03187 µM and the dichloromethane fraction showing the best performance at 0.02021 µM. These results back up the traditional use of D. tripetala in managing oxidative stressrelated ailments, suggesting that its bioactive compounds have potential pharmaceutical applications.