Hubert Ripoll | Aix-Marseille University (original) (raw)

Papers by Hubert Ripoll

Research paper thumbnail of Emergence of expertise in ball sports during child development

International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1999

Abstract How expertise emerges and develops according to age is examined, drawing on different st... more Abstract How expertise emerges and develops according to age is examined, drawing on different studies of the development of young experts in fast ball sports. To explain the effects of experience-related differences, the article considers: an attentional organization ...

Research paper thumbnail of What does keeping one's eye on the ball mean?

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00140138808966814, May 31, 2007

ABSTRACT Calling players' attention to keep their eyes on the ball is a constant exhortat... more ABSTRACT Calling players' attention to keep their eyes on the ball is a constant exhortation in ball sports. Nevertheless, speeds reached by balls are generally superior to the oculo-motor capacity of pursuit. This paradox was investigated by analysing the visuo-motor behaviour of five expert table tennis players using a video-oculographic recording technique. Three different strokes were analysed- forehand (FH), forehand with top spin (TS) and backhand (BH) drives.The results indicate that it is not necessary to keep one's eye on the ball throughout the entire trajectory. At only two points in the ball's flight was the eye directed towards the ball. These points occurred during the following operations (1) the visual pursuit of the ball at the very beginning of the trajectory and (2) the visuo-motor co-ordination during the execution of the strike. The visual behaviour involved during these phases was analysed in detail. It appeared that visuo-motor behaviour is determined by the external constraints of the stroke (the eccentricity of the ball trajectory in relation to the mid-line of the body and the accuracy of the strike). It appeared that only the first part of the trajectory was visually tracked, beginning just after the opponent's strike. Nevertheless the nature of this operation corresponded to the type of stroke. The ball was visually tracked more often and for a longer period when it moved towards the body (in BH) than when it moved laterally in relation to the body (in FH and TS).During the strike, the ball was not precisely viewed. A characteristic visuo-motor behaviour was observed. Between the bounce and the strike, the eye was stable inside the orbit and aligned according to the position of the head axis. Both the eye and head together were quickly directed in advance towards the direction of the ball/bat. This mechanism occurred more frequently when the ball was projected laterally in relation to the mid-line (in FH and TS) and mainly when the strike itself was particularly accurate (in TS).The role of the head and eye orientation towards the target in the execution of fast and accurate table tennis movements is discussed in relation to specific table constraints. Pedagogical consequences of these results are presented.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of expertise on spatial and temporal representations of a choreographed dance solo

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 1612197x 2003 9671726, Feb 28, 2011

This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed... more This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed dance solo and the effect of expertise on the accuracy of this representation. Eight expert and 8 non‐expert dancers were compared using tasks that required them to represent the spatial and the temporal characteristics of a dance solo. The dance solo was created by the dancers

Research paper thumbnail of Extending the rather unnoticed Gibsonian view that ‘perception is cognitive’: Development of the enactive approach to perceptual-cognitive expertise

In this chapter, we present the foundations of an enactive approach to cognitive expertise. We fi... more In this chapter, we present the foundations of an enactive approach to cognitive expertise. We first discuss the dichotomy between classical cognitive approaches to expertise and ecological approaches to motor behaviour. The limits of classical cognitive approaches are related to the empirical study of experts on very derived tasks based on the study of memory in laboratory and to the symbols storing problem in continuous and uncertain environments. The limit of the ecological approach is related to the reduction of human complexity to the two-dimensional perception-action system. We propose an alternate framework in which basic cognitive functions such as categorization are taken into account in their links to visual search processes. We report some published experimental data which tend to show that visual perception embody higher-level demands. This shall involves redefining the role of cognition as a teleological constraint for perceptive systems rather than as a mere enrichment process of a poor stimulation, and redefining the ecology of perception as a multiform (i.e., biological, cognitive, physical) and demanding environment rather than as mere array of external light.

Research paper thumbnail of Ontogenèse des mécanismes de traitement de l'information impliqués dans le déclenchement et l'exécution d'un mouvement d'interception

Science Et Motricite, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Orienting of attention with highly skilled athletes

International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1970

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of The development of initiating and execurion of ball interception in children/Ontogenèse des mécanismes de traitement de l'information impliqués dans le déclenchement et l'exécution d'un mouvement d'interception

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of Applied Sport Psychology Developing Tactical Skills through the Use of Static and Dynamic Soccer Visualizations: An Expert–Nonexpert Differences Investigation

page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purp... more page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of expertise on spatial and temporal representations of a choreographed dance solo

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2003

This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed... more This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed dance solo and the effect of expertise on the accuracy of this representation. Eight expert and 8 non‐expert dancers were compared using tasks that required them to represent the spatial and the temporal characteristics of a dance solo. The dance solo was created by the dancers

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of low‐ and high‐level processes on decision making in soccer: A reply to Raab (2004)

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of What kind of processes underlie decision making in soccer simulation? An implicit‐memory investigation

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2003

... It consisted of planning a game sequence composed of three consecutive actions, which, starti... more ... It consisted of planning a game sequence composed of three consecutive actions, which, starting from the position of the player with the ball would permit the team to keep possession of the ball (eg, pass, dribble, and pass) or to score a goal (eg, dribble, pass, and shoot ...

Research paper thumbnail of The expertise reversal effect for sequential presentation in dynamic soccer visualizations

Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2013

Cognitive load perspective was used as a theoretical framework to investigate effects of expertis... more Cognitive load perspective was used as a theoretical framework to investigate effects of expertise and type of presentation of interacting elements of information in learning from dynamic visualizations. Soccer players (N = 48) were required to complete a recall reconstruction test and to rate their invested mental effort after studying a concurrent or sequential presentation of the elements of play. The results provided evidence for an expertise reversal effect. For novice players, the sequential presentation produced better learning outcomes. In contrast, expert players performed better after studying the concurrent presentation. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of different visual presentation formats depend on levels of learner expertise.

Research paper thumbnail of Time-to-contact estimation of accelerated stimuli is based on first-order information

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 2003

The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acce... more The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acceleration, is used (a) to estimate the time to contact (TTC) of an accelerated stimulus after the occlusion of a final part of its trajectory and (b) to indirectly intercept an accelerated stimulus with a thrown projectile. Both tasks require the production of an action on the basis of predictive information acquired before the arrival of the stimulus at the target and allow the experimenter to make quantitative predictions about the participants' use (or nonuse) of 1st-order information. The results show that participants do not use information about acceleration and that they commit errors that rely quantitatively on 1st-order information even when acceleration is psychophysically detectable. In the indirect interceptive task, action is planned about 200 ms before the initiation of the movement, at which time the 1st-order TTC attains a critical value.

Research paper thumbnail of Similarity Judgements of Basketball Game Configurations by Experts and Novices: A Model and Some Experimental Tests

This paper describes a neurocomputational model which allows for simulating responses and respons... more This paper describes a neurocomputational model which allows for simulating responses and response times in similarity judgment tasks of game configurations, while accounting for expert and novice abilities. The model was tested in two experiments using schematised basketball game configurations and provided a good account of subjects' performance.

Research paper thumbnail of Le développement du comportement moteur de l'enfant : l'exemple des saisies et des interceptions de balle

Research paper thumbnail of Do categories stored in memory of expert collective game players modulate visual information processing?

Research paper thumbnail of What is the influence of knowledge on player's behaviour?

Research paper thumbnail of Expertise in basketball modifies perceptual discrimination abilities, underlying cognitive processes, and visual behaviours

Visual Cognition, 2006

In this paper, the links between cognitive constraints, visual behaviours, and perceptual judgeme... more In this paper, the links between cognitive constraints, visual behaviours, and perceptual judgements are examined. Two experiments investigated the perceptual processes employed during same±different judgement tasks. In Experiment 1, experts' eye movements (i.e., number of fixations and fixation duration) were consistent across discrepant source and target conditions where the number of displaced elements was manipulated. In contrast, novices decreased the number of fixations employed as the number of elements displaced increased. The findings are consistent with the view that both experts and novices process information in a manner (relational or attributional) that constrains the type of visual search used (low or high sensitive to attributional change). In Experiment 2, manipulation of target presentation confirmed that recognition was viewpoint dependent for both expert and novice players.

Research paper thumbnail of How Do Expert Soccer Players Encode Visual Information to Make Decisions in Simulated Game Situations?

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2008

The aim of this study was to determine what visual information expert soccer players encode when ... more The aim of this study was to determine what visual information expert soccer players encode when they are asked to make a decision. We used a repetition-priming paradigm to test the hypothesis that experts encode a soccer pattern's structure independently of the players' physical characteristics (i.e., posture and morphology). The participants were given either realistic (digital photos) or abstract (three-dimensional schematic representations) soccer game patterns. The results showed that the experts benefited from priming effects regardless of how abstract the stimuli were. This suggests that an abstract representation of a realistic pattern (i.e., one that does not include visual information related to the players'physical characteristics) is sufficient to activate experts'specific knowledge during decision making. These results seem to show that expert soccer players encode and store abstract representations of visual patterns in memory.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Tennis Practice on the Coincidence Timing Accuracy of Adults and Children

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1998

This study examines the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing t... more This study examines the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing tasks according to age and experience in tennis. Tennis players and novices aged 7, 10, 13, and 23 were tested in a coincidence timing task which consisted of estimating the arrival of a simulated moving object on a target. The effect of three different motions were analyzed: constant velocity; constant acceleration; and constant deceleration. Results showed that timing accuracy improves mainly between the ages of 7 and 10, (2) tennis practice accelerates the development of timing accuracy, and (3) acceleration or deceleration of the moving stimulus had no effect on the timing accuracy of any of the tested groups, suggesting a continuous visual control of the trajectory. Theoretical implications for the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing tasks are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Emergence of expertise in ball sports during child development

International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1999

Abstract How expertise emerges and develops according to age is examined, drawing on different st... more Abstract How expertise emerges and develops according to age is examined, drawing on different studies of the development of young experts in fast ball sports. To explain the effects of experience-related differences, the article considers: an attentional organization ...

Research paper thumbnail of What does keeping one's eye on the ball mean?

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00140138808966814, May 31, 2007

ABSTRACT Calling players' attention to keep their eyes on the ball is a constant exhortat... more ABSTRACT Calling players' attention to keep their eyes on the ball is a constant exhortation in ball sports. Nevertheless, speeds reached by balls are generally superior to the oculo-motor capacity of pursuit. This paradox was investigated by analysing the visuo-motor behaviour of five expert table tennis players using a video-oculographic recording technique. Three different strokes were analysed- forehand (FH), forehand with top spin (TS) and backhand (BH) drives.The results indicate that it is not necessary to keep one's eye on the ball throughout the entire trajectory. At only two points in the ball's flight was the eye directed towards the ball. These points occurred during the following operations (1) the visual pursuit of the ball at the very beginning of the trajectory and (2) the visuo-motor co-ordination during the execution of the strike. The visual behaviour involved during these phases was analysed in detail. It appeared that visuo-motor behaviour is determined by the external constraints of the stroke (the eccentricity of the ball trajectory in relation to the mid-line of the body and the accuracy of the strike). It appeared that only the first part of the trajectory was visually tracked, beginning just after the opponent's strike. Nevertheless the nature of this operation corresponded to the type of stroke. The ball was visually tracked more often and for a longer period when it moved towards the body (in BH) than when it moved laterally in relation to the body (in FH and TS).During the strike, the ball was not precisely viewed. A characteristic visuo-motor behaviour was observed. Between the bounce and the strike, the eye was stable inside the orbit and aligned according to the position of the head axis. Both the eye and head together were quickly directed in advance towards the direction of the ball/bat. This mechanism occurred more frequently when the ball was projected laterally in relation to the mid-line (in FH and TS) and mainly when the strike itself was particularly accurate (in TS).The role of the head and eye orientation towards the target in the execution of fast and accurate table tennis movements is discussed in relation to specific table constraints. Pedagogical consequences of these results are presented.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of expertise on spatial and temporal representations of a choreographed dance solo

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 1612197x 2003 9671726, Feb 28, 2011

This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed... more This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed dance solo and the effect of expertise on the accuracy of this representation. Eight expert and 8 non‐expert dancers were compared using tasks that required them to represent the spatial and the temporal characteristics of a dance solo. The dance solo was created by the dancers

Research paper thumbnail of Extending the rather unnoticed Gibsonian view that ‘perception is cognitive’: Development of the enactive approach to perceptual-cognitive expertise

In this chapter, we present the foundations of an enactive approach to cognitive expertise. We fi... more In this chapter, we present the foundations of an enactive approach to cognitive expertise. We first discuss the dichotomy between classical cognitive approaches to expertise and ecological approaches to motor behaviour. The limits of classical cognitive approaches are related to the empirical study of experts on very derived tasks based on the study of memory in laboratory and to the symbols storing problem in continuous and uncertain environments. The limit of the ecological approach is related to the reduction of human complexity to the two-dimensional perception-action system. We propose an alternate framework in which basic cognitive functions such as categorization are taken into account in their links to visual search processes. We report some published experimental data which tend to show that visual perception embody higher-level demands. This shall involves redefining the role of cognition as a teleological constraint for perceptive systems rather than as a mere enrichment process of a poor stimulation, and redefining the ecology of perception as a multiform (i.e., biological, cognitive, physical) and demanding environment rather than as mere array of external light.

Research paper thumbnail of Ontogenèse des mécanismes de traitement de l'information impliqués dans le déclenchement et l'exécution d'un mouvement d'interception

Science Et Motricite, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Orienting of attention with highly skilled athletes

International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1970

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of The development of initiating and execurion of ball interception in children/Ontogenèse des mécanismes de traitement de l'information impliqués dans le déclenchement et l'exécution d'un mouvement d'interception

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of Applied Sport Psychology Developing Tactical Skills through the Use of Static and Dynamic Soccer Visualizations: An Expert–Nonexpert Differences Investigation

page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purp... more page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of expertise on spatial and temporal representations of a choreographed dance solo

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2003

This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed... more This research examined the spatial and temporal accuracy of the representation of a choreographed dance solo and the effect of expertise on the accuracy of this representation. Eight expert and 8 non‐expert dancers were compared using tasks that required them to represent the spatial and the temporal characteristics of a dance solo. The dance solo was created by the dancers

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of low‐ and high‐level processes on decision making in soccer: A reply to Raab (2004)

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of What kind of processes underlie decision making in soccer simulation? An implicit‐memory investigation

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2003

... It consisted of planning a game sequence composed of three consecutive actions, which, starti... more ... It consisted of planning a game sequence composed of three consecutive actions, which, starting from the position of the player with the ball would permit the team to keep possession of the ball (eg, pass, dribble, and pass) or to score a goal (eg, dribble, pass, and shoot ...

Research paper thumbnail of The expertise reversal effect for sequential presentation in dynamic soccer visualizations

Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2013

Cognitive load perspective was used as a theoretical framework to investigate effects of expertis... more Cognitive load perspective was used as a theoretical framework to investigate effects of expertise and type of presentation of interacting elements of information in learning from dynamic visualizations. Soccer players (N = 48) were required to complete a recall reconstruction test and to rate their invested mental effort after studying a concurrent or sequential presentation of the elements of play. The results provided evidence for an expertise reversal effect. For novice players, the sequential presentation produced better learning outcomes. In contrast, expert players performed better after studying the concurrent presentation. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of different visual presentation formats depend on levels of learner expertise.

Research paper thumbnail of Time-to-contact estimation of accelerated stimuli is based on first-order information

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 2003

The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acce... more The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acceleration, is used (a) to estimate the time to contact (TTC) of an accelerated stimulus after the occlusion of a final part of its trajectory and (b) to indirectly intercept an accelerated stimulus with a thrown projectile. Both tasks require the production of an action on the basis of predictive information acquired before the arrival of the stimulus at the target and allow the experimenter to make quantitative predictions about the participants' use (or nonuse) of 1st-order information. The results show that participants do not use information about acceleration and that they commit errors that rely quantitatively on 1st-order information even when acceleration is psychophysically detectable. In the indirect interceptive task, action is planned about 200 ms before the initiation of the movement, at which time the 1st-order TTC attains a critical value.

Research paper thumbnail of Similarity Judgements of Basketball Game Configurations by Experts and Novices: A Model and Some Experimental Tests

This paper describes a neurocomputational model which allows for simulating responses and respons... more This paper describes a neurocomputational model which allows for simulating responses and response times in similarity judgment tasks of game configurations, while accounting for expert and novice abilities. The model was tested in two experiments using schematised basketball game configurations and provided a good account of subjects' performance.

Research paper thumbnail of Le développement du comportement moteur de l'enfant : l'exemple des saisies et des interceptions de balle

Research paper thumbnail of Do categories stored in memory of expert collective game players modulate visual information processing?

Research paper thumbnail of What is the influence of knowledge on player's behaviour?

Research paper thumbnail of Expertise in basketball modifies perceptual discrimination abilities, underlying cognitive processes, and visual behaviours

Visual Cognition, 2006

In this paper, the links between cognitive constraints, visual behaviours, and perceptual judgeme... more In this paper, the links between cognitive constraints, visual behaviours, and perceptual judgements are examined. Two experiments investigated the perceptual processes employed during same±different judgement tasks. In Experiment 1, experts' eye movements (i.e., number of fixations and fixation duration) were consistent across discrepant source and target conditions where the number of displaced elements was manipulated. In contrast, novices decreased the number of fixations employed as the number of elements displaced increased. The findings are consistent with the view that both experts and novices process information in a manner (relational or attributional) that constrains the type of visual search used (low or high sensitive to attributional change). In Experiment 2, manipulation of target presentation confirmed that recognition was viewpoint dependent for both expert and novice players.

Research paper thumbnail of How Do Expert Soccer Players Encode Visual Information to Make Decisions in Simulated Game Situations?

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2008

The aim of this study was to determine what visual information expert soccer players encode when ... more The aim of this study was to determine what visual information expert soccer players encode when they are asked to make a decision. We used a repetition-priming paradigm to test the hypothesis that experts encode a soccer pattern's structure independently of the players' physical characteristics (i.e., posture and morphology). The participants were given either realistic (digital photos) or abstract (three-dimensional schematic representations) soccer game patterns. The results showed that the experts benefited from priming effects regardless of how abstract the stimuli were. This suggests that an abstract representation of a realistic pattern (i.e., one that does not include visual information related to the players'physical characteristics) is sufficient to activate experts'specific knowledge during decision making. These results seem to show that expert soccer players encode and store abstract representations of visual patterns in memory.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Tennis Practice on the Coincidence Timing Accuracy of Adults and Children

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1998

This study examines the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing t... more This study examines the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing tasks according to age and experience in tennis. Tennis players and novices aged 7, 10, 13, and 23 were tested in a coincidence timing task which consisted of estimating the arrival of a simulated moving object on a target. The effect of three different motions were analyzed: constant velocity; constant acceleration; and constant deceleration. Results showed that timing accuracy improves mainly between the ages of 7 and 10, (2) tennis practice accelerates the development of timing accuracy, and (3) acceleration or deceleration of the moving stimulus had no effect on the timing accuracy of any of the tested groups, suggesting a continuous visual control of the trajectory. Theoretical implications for the development of perceptuo-motor processes involved in coincidence timing tasks are discussed.