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The goal of this study is to determine whether prosody contributes to the discrimination of meani... more The goal of this study is to determine whether prosody contributes to the discrimination of meaning in sentences with the French additive particle aussi (‘also’). Previous research has highlighted the frequent use of this particle in structurally ambiguous positions, especially in spoken data, while authors diverge on their views as to the possible contribution of prosody to their disambiguation. In order to verify the role of prosody, we have run an experimental study based on a reading task: 20 native speakers were recorded while reading a set of contextualized sentences with aussi placed in both structurally ambiguous and non-ambiguous positions. The results show the presence of different types of prosodic correlates associated with aussi, but also that they are not exploited in a systematic way.
This chapter investigates the intonation system of Shingazidja, a Bantu (G44a) language of Comoro... more This chapter investigates the intonation system of Shingazidja, a Bantu
(G44a) language of Comoros, and the way it interacts with lexical tones. The intonation of various sentence types, from complex declaratives to wh-questions, is investigated, and several prosodic features of the language are discussed, such as downstep. Special attention is paid to the way tone-intonation interaction varies in Shingazidja, depending on the dialect. I show that intonation tends to override the lexical High tones in some contexts. This is, for instance, the case for the L% and H% boundary tones that are associated with the end of Intonation Phrases. However, I also demonstrate that, on the contrary, tones dominate intonation in many contexts. For instance, the superhigh tone that signals polar questions is displaced when the final syllable of a sentence is high-toned.
This chapter explores the linguistic features of French spoken in Northern France, based on the a... more This chapter explores the linguistic features of French spoken in Northern France, based on the analysis of a speaker from La Madeleine, a small city in the Lille metropolitan area. The first part of the chapter analyses the sociolinguistic profiles of both the speaker and the region, focusing on the links between French and Picard and on the importance of the textile and coal industries. The chapter then provides a detailed discussion of specific features of Northern French, illustrated with representative examples from our corpus. It examines (i) lexical regionalisms, with a focus on the lexical fields of work, war, and school; (ii) syntactic and discursive features, e.g. the absence of the feminine third-person plural subject pronoun, ne-deletion, and the use of quoi as a discourse marker; (iii) phonetic and phonological features, in particular palatalization and depalatalization phenomena; and (iv) dialectal features.
Ce travail consiste en une analyse du phénomène de liaison tonale tel qu’il se manifeste dans la ... more Ce travail consiste en une analyse du phénomène de liaison tonale tel
qu’il se manifeste dans la variété septentrionale du shingazidja, une
langue bantoue des Comores. Dans cette variété, un ton associé à la
dernière syllabe d’un syntagme phonologique se propage sur la
première syllabe du syntagme phonologique qui le suit. La distribution
de la liaison tonale est conditionnée par plusieurs règles et contraintes,
telles le fait qu’elle ne peut s’effectuer sur une syllabe associée à un
ton au niveau sous-jacent. Le phénomène de la liaison tonale est ici
analysé à partir de la notion de ‘domaine tonal’ telle qu’elle a été
développée par Charles Kisseberth (Kisseberth 1994, Cassimjee &
Kisseberth 1998, entre autres). Il est en particulier montré que ce
concept permet d’éviter certains problèmes posés par une analyse
autosegmentale.
This paper investigates the syntax–prosody interface with respect to apposition in Shingazidja. W... more This paper investigates the syntax–prosody interface with respect to apposition in Shingazidja. We examine the syntactic properties of two types of apposition (restrictive and non-restrictive). While restrictive apposition appears to form a single constituent, the syntactic data for non-restrictives are ambiguous between a single constituent analysis and an analysis in which the appositive and its anchor are syntactically separate. Prosodic data confirm the single constituent analysis for restrictive apposition, and provide evidence that non-restrictive appositives are syntactically linked to their antecedent and prosodically embedded in their host clause. The phenomenon of final raising emerges as the principal indicator of intonational phrases in Shingazidja; tone shift signals phonological phrasing. Our analysis is formalised in Optimality Theory through a comparison of Align/Wrap theory and Match theory. A Match-theory account predicts the existence of recursive phonological phrasing, and we present evidence supporting this prediction.
This paper aims to study perspective-taking in L2 discourse at the level of utterance information... more This paper aims to study perspective-taking in L2 discourse at the level of utterance information structure. Many studies have shown how principles of discourse organization partly reflect lexico-grammatical structures available in a given language, and how difficult it is to reorganize L1 discursive habits when acquiring an L2 in adulthood. In this study we compare how L2 learners of Romance languages (French, Italian), with either a Romance or a Germanic language as an L1, organize the information structure of utterances relating contrasting events. Native speakers of Germanic and Romance languages show systematic differences in the selection of the information unit — referential entities or predicate polarity — on which the contrast is highlighted (Dimroth et al. 2010) ; moreover, they differ in the lexical, prosodic and morpho-syntactic means used to achieve this goal. Our data show that L2 learners can adopt the target language perspective in the selection of the information unit to contrast, when the input offers clear evidence for it. However, their choice of linguistic means reveals both the influence of the L1 and the role of more general acquisitional principles, which are still active at the advanced level.
Morphology, 2014
ABSTRACT In September 2013 the conference “Morphology and its Interfaces” was held at the Univers... more ABSTRACT In September 2013 the conference “Morphology and its Interfaces” was held at the University of Lille 3. The conference addressed questions concerning morphology and its internal or external interfaces, from a diachronic or synchronic perspective. Its aim was to foster the study of interactions between morphology and other domains of linguistics. This special issue is devoted to the phonology-morphology interface, and presents five selected papers on this topic.There is little doubt that the relation between phonology and morphology is of great importance for the analysis of various phenomena. Several flectional and derivational phenomena directly involve both domains, for example reduplication and stem alternation. Other morphological phenomena need to have recourse to phonological constraints to be explained. Booij (2000) lists different sorts of interactions between word formation and phonology, such as the influence of morphological structure on the phonetic shape of complex words, ...
In this paper, the distribution of the various allophones of /r/ in the Washili variety of Shing... more In this paper, the distribution of the various allophones of /r/ in the
Washili variety of Shingazidja, a Bantu language spoken on
Grande Comore, is discussed in detail. /r/ appears as a trill ([r]) in
absolute initial position (except before [i]) and after a consonant,
and as a tap ([ɾ]) in intervocalic position. Complications arise
since /r/ undergoes fortition to [ʈʂ] in some classes but undergoes
lenition in initial position when the following vowel is low-toned.
An analysis is sketched in the CVCV framework (Lowenstamm
1996, Scheer 2004), claiming that the [r] allophone is
underlyingly a geminate.
The paper addresses the differences between ecological data and laboratory elicited data for the ... more The paper addresses the differences between ecological data and laboratory elicited data for the study of the semantics/pragmatics of prosody. A new experiment design -Rep Task-is presented. It is based on a reduplication task: subjects are asked to reenact a conversation that has been recorded beforehand and turned into a script. Thus, the data consist in several renditions of the same conversation: one (the original) has been produced in a natural setting while the other(s) are read off the script of the original conversation. Those renditions may be compared in order to discover the extent to which and how they differ or match. A pilot study is reported: it is based on a 12 minutes' extract of a dialogue taken from the CID corpus . Two case studies are developed to illustrate the type of evidence Rep Task may contribute. One is the use of a particular pitch contour identified by Portes et al. 2007 under the label "rising of list". The other is the restriction on pitch range and pitch contour associated with the use of reprise declaratives in the interactive management of topic flow. We conclude that subject's choices in the lab converge with speakers' choices in everyday interactions. This conclusion about prosodic choices is in line with Bresnan's 2007 conclusions about lexicosyntactic choices.
Based on Baunaz (2011), we distinguish among French wh-words and claim that they are three-way am... more Based on Baunaz (2011), we distinguish among French wh-words and claim that they are three-way ambiguous: they can involve partitivity, specificity (both are presuppositional) and non-presupposition (where nonpresuppositional means not-specific/not-partitive). In addition to semantic differences, specificity and partitivity are argued to involve different prosody with wh-phrases in-situ. Building on an experimental study, we show that the prosody of wh-words supports this analysis by constraining their interpretation: wh-words are exponents of an accent when they involve specificity-based presupposition, i.e., prosody may mark different discourse status in colloquial French. This accent is not found on partitivity-based presuppositional French wh-words.
In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High ... more In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High Rising, etc. Universal tone features were introduced into phonological theory by Wang 1967 by analogy to the universal features commonly used in segmental phonology. The implicit claim was that features served the same functions in tonal phonology as in segmental phonology. However, with the advent of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976), much of the original motivation for tone features disappeared. Contour tones in many languages were reanalyzed as sequences of simple level tones, calling into question the need for tonal features such as [±falling]. Processes of tone copy such as L(ow) > H(igh) / __ H(igh) were reinterpreted as tone spreading instead of feature assimilation. At about the same time, a better understanding of downstep emerged which allowed many spurious tone levels to be eliminated. As a result, in spite of the vast amount of work on tone languages over the past thirty years, the number of phenomena that appear to require tone features has become significantly reduced, raising the issue whether the notion of tone features is at all useful. This paper first reviews the basic functions for which segmental features have been proposed, and then examines the evidence that tone features are needed to serve these or other functions in tone languages. The discussion focuses successively on level tones, contour tones, and register, building on examples from Africa and Asia. Our current evaluation of the evidence is that tone features, to the extent that they appear motivated at all, do not serve the same functions as segmental features.
Faits de langues, Jan 1, 2009
Papers in Phonetics and Phonology, Jan 1, 2008
Workshop–January, Jan 1, 2010
Proceedings of ConSOLE XVI, Jan 1, 2008
Schwa (s)-Vèmes Journées d'Etudes …, Jan 1, 2007
This paper sketches the morphosyntactic and prosodic properties of questions in Fipa, discussing ... more This paper sketches the morphosyntactic and prosodic properties of questions in Fipa, discussing three varieties: Milanzi, Nkansi and Kwa. The general word order and morphological patterns relevant to question structures are outlined and different types of whquestion constructions are described and tentatively linked to the prosodic features of Fipa questions. *
The goal of this study is to determine whether prosody contributes to the discrimination of meani... more The goal of this study is to determine whether prosody contributes to the discrimination of meaning in sentences with the French additive particle aussi (‘also’). Previous research has highlighted the frequent use of this particle in structurally ambiguous positions, especially in spoken data, while authors diverge on their views as to the possible contribution of prosody to their disambiguation. In order to verify the role of prosody, we have run an experimental study based on a reading task: 20 native speakers were recorded while reading a set of contextualized sentences with aussi placed in both structurally ambiguous and non-ambiguous positions. The results show the presence of different types of prosodic correlates associated with aussi, but also that they are not exploited in a systematic way.
This chapter investigates the intonation system of Shingazidja, a Bantu (G44a) language of Comoro... more This chapter investigates the intonation system of Shingazidja, a Bantu
(G44a) language of Comoros, and the way it interacts with lexical tones. The intonation of various sentence types, from complex declaratives to wh-questions, is investigated, and several prosodic features of the language are discussed, such as downstep. Special attention is paid to the way tone-intonation interaction varies in Shingazidja, depending on the dialect. I show that intonation tends to override the lexical High tones in some contexts. This is, for instance, the case for the L% and H% boundary tones that are associated with the end of Intonation Phrases. However, I also demonstrate that, on the contrary, tones dominate intonation in many contexts. For instance, the superhigh tone that signals polar questions is displaced when the final syllable of a sentence is high-toned.
This chapter explores the linguistic features of French spoken in Northern France, based on the a... more This chapter explores the linguistic features of French spoken in Northern France, based on the analysis of a speaker from La Madeleine, a small city in the Lille metropolitan area. The first part of the chapter analyses the sociolinguistic profiles of both the speaker and the region, focusing on the links between French and Picard and on the importance of the textile and coal industries. The chapter then provides a detailed discussion of specific features of Northern French, illustrated with representative examples from our corpus. It examines (i) lexical regionalisms, with a focus on the lexical fields of work, war, and school; (ii) syntactic and discursive features, e.g. the absence of the feminine third-person plural subject pronoun, ne-deletion, and the use of quoi as a discourse marker; (iii) phonetic and phonological features, in particular palatalization and depalatalization phenomena; and (iv) dialectal features.
Ce travail consiste en une analyse du phénomène de liaison tonale tel qu’il se manifeste dans la ... more Ce travail consiste en une analyse du phénomène de liaison tonale tel
qu’il se manifeste dans la variété septentrionale du shingazidja, une
langue bantoue des Comores. Dans cette variété, un ton associé à la
dernière syllabe d’un syntagme phonologique se propage sur la
première syllabe du syntagme phonologique qui le suit. La distribution
de la liaison tonale est conditionnée par plusieurs règles et contraintes,
telles le fait qu’elle ne peut s’effectuer sur une syllabe associée à un
ton au niveau sous-jacent. Le phénomène de la liaison tonale est ici
analysé à partir de la notion de ‘domaine tonal’ telle qu’elle a été
développée par Charles Kisseberth (Kisseberth 1994, Cassimjee &
Kisseberth 1998, entre autres). Il est en particulier montré que ce
concept permet d’éviter certains problèmes posés par une analyse
autosegmentale.
This paper investigates the syntax–prosody interface with respect to apposition in Shingazidja. W... more This paper investigates the syntax–prosody interface with respect to apposition in Shingazidja. We examine the syntactic properties of two types of apposition (restrictive and non-restrictive). While restrictive apposition appears to form a single constituent, the syntactic data for non-restrictives are ambiguous between a single constituent analysis and an analysis in which the appositive and its anchor are syntactically separate. Prosodic data confirm the single constituent analysis for restrictive apposition, and provide evidence that non-restrictive appositives are syntactically linked to their antecedent and prosodically embedded in their host clause. The phenomenon of final raising emerges as the principal indicator of intonational phrases in Shingazidja; tone shift signals phonological phrasing. Our analysis is formalised in Optimality Theory through a comparison of Align/Wrap theory and Match theory. A Match-theory account predicts the existence of recursive phonological phrasing, and we present evidence supporting this prediction.
This paper aims to study perspective-taking in L2 discourse at the level of utterance information... more This paper aims to study perspective-taking in L2 discourse at the level of utterance information structure. Many studies have shown how principles of discourse organization partly reflect lexico-grammatical structures available in a given language, and how difficult it is to reorganize L1 discursive habits when acquiring an L2 in adulthood. In this study we compare how L2 learners of Romance languages (French, Italian), with either a Romance or a Germanic language as an L1, organize the information structure of utterances relating contrasting events. Native speakers of Germanic and Romance languages show systematic differences in the selection of the information unit — referential entities or predicate polarity — on which the contrast is highlighted (Dimroth et al. 2010) ; moreover, they differ in the lexical, prosodic and morpho-syntactic means used to achieve this goal. Our data show that L2 learners can adopt the target language perspective in the selection of the information unit to contrast, when the input offers clear evidence for it. However, their choice of linguistic means reveals both the influence of the L1 and the role of more general acquisitional principles, which are still active at the advanced level.
Morphology, 2014
ABSTRACT In September 2013 the conference “Morphology and its Interfaces” was held at the Univers... more ABSTRACT In September 2013 the conference “Morphology and its Interfaces” was held at the University of Lille 3. The conference addressed questions concerning morphology and its internal or external interfaces, from a diachronic or synchronic perspective. Its aim was to foster the study of interactions between morphology and other domains of linguistics. This special issue is devoted to the phonology-morphology interface, and presents five selected papers on this topic.There is little doubt that the relation between phonology and morphology is of great importance for the analysis of various phenomena. Several flectional and derivational phenomena directly involve both domains, for example reduplication and stem alternation. Other morphological phenomena need to have recourse to phonological constraints to be explained. Booij (2000) lists different sorts of interactions between word formation and phonology, such as the influence of morphological structure on the phonetic shape of complex words, ...
In this paper, the distribution of the various allophones of /r/ in the Washili variety of Shing... more In this paper, the distribution of the various allophones of /r/ in the
Washili variety of Shingazidja, a Bantu language spoken on
Grande Comore, is discussed in detail. /r/ appears as a trill ([r]) in
absolute initial position (except before [i]) and after a consonant,
and as a tap ([ɾ]) in intervocalic position. Complications arise
since /r/ undergoes fortition to [ʈʂ] in some classes but undergoes
lenition in initial position when the following vowel is low-toned.
An analysis is sketched in the CVCV framework (Lowenstamm
1996, Scheer 2004), claiming that the [r] allophone is
underlyingly a geminate.
The paper addresses the differences between ecological data and laboratory elicited data for the ... more The paper addresses the differences between ecological data and laboratory elicited data for the study of the semantics/pragmatics of prosody. A new experiment design -Rep Task-is presented. It is based on a reduplication task: subjects are asked to reenact a conversation that has been recorded beforehand and turned into a script. Thus, the data consist in several renditions of the same conversation: one (the original) has been produced in a natural setting while the other(s) are read off the script of the original conversation. Those renditions may be compared in order to discover the extent to which and how they differ or match. A pilot study is reported: it is based on a 12 minutes' extract of a dialogue taken from the CID corpus . Two case studies are developed to illustrate the type of evidence Rep Task may contribute. One is the use of a particular pitch contour identified by Portes et al. 2007 under the label "rising of list". The other is the restriction on pitch range and pitch contour associated with the use of reprise declaratives in the interactive management of topic flow. We conclude that subject's choices in the lab converge with speakers' choices in everyday interactions. This conclusion about prosodic choices is in line with Bresnan's 2007 conclusions about lexicosyntactic choices.
Based on Baunaz (2011), we distinguish among French wh-words and claim that they are three-way am... more Based on Baunaz (2011), we distinguish among French wh-words and claim that they are three-way ambiguous: they can involve partitivity, specificity (both are presuppositional) and non-presupposition (where nonpresuppositional means not-specific/not-partitive). In addition to semantic differences, specificity and partitivity are argued to involve different prosody with wh-phrases in-situ. Building on an experimental study, we show that the prosody of wh-words supports this analysis by constraining their interpretation: wh-words are exponents of an accent when they involve specificity-based presupposition, i.e., prosody may mark different discourse status in colloquial French. This accent is not found on partitivity-based presuppositional French wh-words.
In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High ... more In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High Rising, etc. Universal tone features were introduced into phonological theory by Wang 1967 by analogy to the universal features commonly used in segmental phonology. The implicit claim was that features served the same functions in tonal phonology as in segmental phonology. However, with the advent of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976), much of the original motivation for tone features disappeared. Contour tones in many languages were reanalyzed as sequences of simple level tones, calling into question the need for tonal features such as [±falling]. Processes of tone copy such as L(ow) > H(igh) / __ H(igh) were reinterpreted as tone spreading instead of feature assimilation. At about the same time, a better understanding of downstep emerged which allowed many spurious tone levels to be eliminated. As a result, in spite of the vast amount of work on tone languages over the past thirty years, the number of phenomena that appear to require tone features has become significantly reduced, raising the issue whether the notion of tone features is at all useful. This paper first reviews the basic functions for which segmental features have been proposed, and then examines the evidence that tone features are needed to serve these or other functions in tone languages. The discussion focuses successively on level tones, contour tones, and register, building on examples from Africa and Asia. Our current evaluation of the evidence is that tone features, to the extent that they appear motivated at all, do not serve the same functions as segmental features.
Faits de langues, Jan 1, 2009
Papers in Phonetics and Phonology, Jan 1, 2008
Workshop–January, Jan 1, 2010
Proceedings of ConSOLE XVI, Jan 1, 2008
Schwa (s)-Vèmes Journées d'Etudes …, Jan 1, 2007
This paper sketches the morphosyntactic and prosodic properties of questions in Fipa, discussing ... more This paper sketches the morphosyntactic and prosodic properties of questions in Fipa, discussing three varieties: Milanzi, Nkansi and Kwa. The general word order and morphological patterns relevant to question structures are outlined and different types of whquestion constructions are described and tentatively linked to the prosodic features of Fipa questions. *
In this section, I will provide a short description of the main prosodic parameters of Shingazidj... more In this section, I will provide a short description of the main prosodic parameters of Shingazidja, focusing on the tone rules (the shift of the tone, and the deletion of the even-numbered surface tones) and the (phonological and intonational) phrasing parameters.
Nick Clements, Alexis Michaud & Cédric Patin (2011), “Do we need tone features?”, in Tones and Features, ed. by E. Hume, J. Goldsmith & W. L. Wetzels, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 3-24., Jan 1, 2011
In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High ... more In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High Rising, etc. Universal tone features were introduced into phonological theory by Wang 1967 by analogy to the universal features commonly used in segmental phonology. The implicit claim was that features served the same functions in tonal phonology as in segmental phonology. However, with the advent of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976), much of the original motivation for tone features disappeared. Contour tones in many languages were reanalyzed as sequences of simple level tones, calling into question the need for tonal features such as [±falling]. Processes of tone copy such as L(ow) > H(igh) / __ H(igh) were reinterpreted as tone spreading instead of feature assimilation. At about the same time, a better understanding of downstep emerged which allowed many spurious tone levels to be eliminated. As a result, in spite of the vast amount of work on tone languages over the past thirty years, the number of phenomena that appear to require tone features has become significantly reduced, raising the issue whether the notion of tone features is at all useful. This paper first reviews the basic functions for which segmental features have been proposed, and then examines the evidence that tone features are needed to serve these or other functions in tone languages. The discussion focuses successively on level tones, contour tones, and register, building on examples from Africa and Asia. Our current evaluation of the evidence is that tone features, to the extent that they appear motivated at all, do not serve the same functions as segmental features.