Maria Gravari-Barbas | Université Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne (original) (raw)

Videos by Maria Gravari-Barbas

Some 200 draft recommendations for various target groups (national and local governments; UN orga... more Some 200 draft recommendations for various target groups (national and local governments; UN organisations/agencies, World Heritage Committee, UNESCO, Advisory Bodies (ICOMOS, IUCN & ICCROM), NGOs, local inhabitant associations, universities/research institutes, tourism industry etc.), have been gathered from around the world through the UNESCO-UNITWIN Network on Culture, Tourism and Development, which called for policy recommendations on how tourism and heritage conservation can contribute to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
The 3-part event organized on February 1st, 8th and15th, aims at discussing a series of recommendations that have been suggested by different academics and stakeholders on new approaches concerning tourism to WH sites to benchmark better standards for other heritage sites.

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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt international travel and forces the closure of World H... more The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt international travel and forces the closure of World Heritage sites around the globe. This seminar brings together World Heritage site managers to discuss how they are coping with the uncertainty and strategies striving to remain open and measures they are undertaking to build back stronger and more resilient as the crisis abates.
The seminar looks at emerging trends to see how these can be adapted for long term sustainability. With people confined to their homes for long periods, there has been a surge in the demand for virtual and digital heritage experiences, an increased desire for nature-based experiences and a renewed interest in rediscovering local heritage. This has created opportunities for heritage sites to reconnect with local communities and attract new audiences virtually from around the world.

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Conference Presentations by Maria Gravari-Barbas

Fashion and Tourism. Parallel Stories, 2023

In this publication, the convergence of fashion and tourism is explored from an academic perspect... more In this publication, the convergence of fashion and tourism is explored from an academic perspective, shedding light on the intricate linkages and reciprocal influences between these two vibrant industries.

L'émergence récente du tourisme urbain en Chine nous invite à réfléchir sur le patrimoine concess... more L'émergence récente du tourisme urbain en Chine nous invite à réfléchir sur le patrimoine concessionnaire des villes chinoises, ses imaginaires et ses pratiques touristiques. Tianjin, ville proche de Pékin, possède un ensemble remarquable de quartiers concessionnaires construits par neuf pays (la Grande-Bretagne, la France, les États-Unis, le Japon, l'Allemagne, l'Italie, la Russie, l'Autriche et la Belgique) après la Seconde Guerre de l'Opium, entre 1860 et 1945. Dans cette ville qui connaît un développement important notamment après la création, en 1897, de la liaison ferroviaire qui la relie à la capitale, les commerçants, entrepreneurs ou diplomates européens s'établissent dans ces quartiers dont le style architectural éclectique manifeste les caractéristiques distinctives des échanges sino-occidentaux. Les concessions se situent le long de la rivière Haihe et couvrent une superficie totale de 1 530 hectares, soit 9 fois celle de la vieille ville de Tianjin (Yang, 2004). Au cours des dernières années, les quartiers concessionnaires ont expérimenté un processus de requalification, d'esthétisation, voire de patrimonialisation et de touristification. Intégrés dans le processus du développement urbain, ils sont restaurés, rénovés ou reconstitués, de façon à offrir une narration spatiale cohérente (Psara, 2009). Ils représentent aujourd'hui une importante ressource pour la municipalité de Tianjin qui développe de nouvelles stratégies à leur égard. De fait, ils deviennent la destination de la promenade du weekend , voire une destination touristique nationale. En effet, alors que la ville accueille peu de visiteurs étrangers (Bureau de statistiques de Tianjin, 2015), le nombre des visiteurs chinois est en constante

The report focuses on understanding cultural heritage as both tangible heritage objects and intan... more The report focuses on understanding cultural heritage as both tangible heritage objects and intangible practices, knowledge and experiences, emphasising its importance as a socio-economic catalyser and as a powerful tool for sustainable development, urban regeneration and tourism. It underlines the essential role that local and regional authorities play in promoting and safeguarding cultural heritage as custodians of cultural diversity and how they can use it to improve social cohesion and intercultural dialogue, to reinforce participatory governance and engage with disconnected communities.
This explanatory memorandum is based on the document prepared by the Council of Europe consultant Maria Gravari-Barbas, Director of EIREST for the apporteurs: Barbara TOCE, Italy (SOC) and Eirini DOUROU, Greece (SOC).

ANGKOR, LABORATOIRE DE LA 'PATRIMONDIALISATION'?, 2017

La journée ANGKOR, LABORATOIRE DE LA 'PATRIMONDIALISATION'? organisée dans le cadre de l’ANR « LE... more La journée ANGKOR, LABORATOIRE DE LA 'PATRIMONDIALISATION'? organisée dans le cadre de l’ANR « LES ENJEUX DE LA « PATRIMONDIALISATION » OU LA FABRIQUE TOURISTIQUE DU PATRIMOINE CULTUREL DANS LA MONDIALISATION : MODÈLES GLOBAUX, RECOMPOSITIONS IDENTITAIRES, HYBRIDATIONS » a eu comme objecti , d’une part, d’analyser Angkor en tant que laboratoire international du patrimoine ; d’autre part de situer Angkor de façon multiscalaire, entre les enjeux locaux et globaux liés notamment aux mobilités touristiques.
La première session a abordé Angkor en tant que terrain d’émergence d’approches de conservation et de restauration, voire de doctrine patrimoniale, à la croisée Nord-Suds.
La deuxième session a analysé les impacts du tourisme sur la conservation du patrimoine mais aussi, de façon réflexive, la façon dont les options de conservation et de restauration prennent en compte le fait qu’Angkor est tous les ans visité par des milliers de visiteurs, dans un contexte touristique caractérisée par la massification et l’internationalisation.

The first volume of the MOOC "Tourism Management at UNESCO World Heritage Sites" was published on... more The first volume of the MOOC "Tourism Management at UNESCO World Heritage Sites" was published on FUN MOOC back in January 2018. It attracted the attention of more than 6'500 learners from 166 countries and provided insights into UNESCO's principles and doctrines, Communication Technologies, Economy, Management and Planning, and more.

This paper suggests a more critical analysis of the conflictual situations between Starchitecture... more This paper suggests a more critical analysis of the conflictual situations between Starchitecture and the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL). We show that their apparent antinomy is much more ambiguous than bibliography suggests. More than the result of two opposing or even conflicting paradigms, the conservation of the historical urban landscape and the construction of iconic architectures are in fact the expression of a demand for the same "global urban product", aiming at creating a marketable image and at attracting the transnational elites. The paper is organized in four sections. The first one analyses recent evolutions of the concept of Historic Urban Landscape and the shift from a strictly heritage approach to a more managerial view. The second presents the concept of iconic architecture and of "starchitecture" and their impact on contemporary cities. The third section analyses the conflicts that often characterize urban conditions in which iconic projects are considered to be threatening to the historical context. We will focus on World Heritage UNESCO cities since UNESCO recommendations, and the risk of being on the “danger list”, or even lose UNESCO status, play a key role. The fourth section will finally propose a critical analysis of these conflicting situations. The paper will question their apparent antinomy, in order to identify and stress the common factors that are producing exclusive urban landscapes characterized both by "world-status heritage" and "world-status contemporary architecture".

En guise d'introduction, j'aimerais m'appuyer sur les deux hypothèses de cadrage de ce séminaire ... more En guise d'introduction, j'aimerais m'appuyer sur les deux hypothèses de cadrage de ce séminaire : c'est-à-dire l'importance de la prise en compte du regard venu d'ailleurs ainsi que du transfert de savoirs et de compétences dans la constitution et l'élaboration du projet urbain. Il me semble qu'elles constituent une base féconde pour l'analyse des processus des projets urbains, dans la mesure où, dans une volonté de s'inscrire dans une série d'expériences exemplaires, l'on se constitue toujours par rapport à une antériorité et par rapport à une extériorité. Pour ce faire, je m'appuierai sur une thématique précise, celle de la « mémoire d'architecture » et de la « mémoire d'architectes ». Je vais ainsi essayer de traduire ces hypothèses en analysant des expériences de « construction » de projets urbains qui, pour ce qui est de mon propos d'aujourd'hui -mais ce n'est qu'un exemple parmi d'autres -sont fondés sur l'exploitation de l'histoire architecturale urbaine. J'insisterai en particulier sur la mise en évidence du rôle que peuvent jouer dans certaines villes des architectes célèbres qui y ont construit la majeure partie de leur oeuvre architecturale. Je poserai ainsi un ensemble de questions qui consisteront à examiner la construction, au sens figuré, d'un projet de ville autour du personnage d'un architecte célèbre, à la fois dans sa dimension « oeuvre architecturale » mais aussi dans sa dimension « mémoire urbaine ». J'examinerai aussi les stratégies qui cherchent à fonder une nouvelle urbanité autour d'un ensemble d'oeuvres architecturales majeures et à construire une nouvelle identité urbaine sur un récit de ville articulé autour du couple « ville -architecte ».

Ce texte montre que l’instrumentalisation de la patrimonialisation est entrée – dans le contexte ... more Ce texte montre que l’instrumentalisation de la patrimonialisation est entrée – dans le contexte du néolibéralisme, contribuant activement au remodelage les métropoles contemporaines – dans un nouveau stade de sophistication : la patrimonialisation est ici abordée comme un des moyens de la reconquête et de la revitalisation de quartiers urbains en perte de vitesse.
L’exemple du Lower East Side (LES), le quartier new-yorkais probablement le plus sujet aujourd’hui à la gentrification, permet d’illustrer ce processus. L'article montre plus particulièrement que la transformation du Lower East Side, caractérisée par une triple gentrification (résidentielle, commerciale et touristique), s’est appuyée sur un processus de patrimonialisation multiple, impulsé par différents acteurs (promoteurs immobiliers, acteurs locaux, associations, opérateurs culturels, artistes, habitants…).

Tourism and gentrification have been described as co-producers of the neo-liberal city, particula... more Tourism and gentrification have been described as co-producers of the neo-liberal city, particularly when dealing with the regeneration processes experienced by many European city centers during the last decades. A “cross-fertilization” stance lies in the narratives of this relation, which insists on the common dynamics and interests of several groups at stake: local authorities, urban planners and marketers, tourism businesses, international capitals, gentrifiers and international tourists. While drawing on this literature, we wish to raise back a critical analysis of the relationship between tourism and gentrification, regarding the evolution of two major touristic neighborhoods: Paris historic gay district Le Marais and Amsterdam sex-consumption Red-Light District.
Based on different research projects led at the University of Paris Pantheon Sorbonne since 2009, we argue that touristification and gentrification are not systematically cumulative phenomena, but can be antagonistic. We focus on gender and sexual minorities as a stand-point to propose an alternative reading of tourism gentrification policies. We argue that gender mainstreaming and the “pink economy” lie at the heart of the production of a tamed, commodified and upgraded urban environment, ready-to-consume by so-called “qualitative” tourists as well as local families. However, in both cities, this production can be contested by businesses, inhabitants, workers and visitors.
We put forward the notion of « resistance » to call for a deeper understanding of tourism gentrification not only as a stage of a multifaceted gentrification dynamic, but as a potentially reluctant, disruptive, challenging dimension.

"Tourism/Gentrification : sex, gender and crossed resistances", AAG 2015, Session "Tourism gentrification in the metropolis", avril 2015, Chicago

Papers by Maria Gravari-Barbas

Téoros. Revue de recherche en tourisme, 2024

The former international concessions built by several Western countries in Chinese ports between ... more The former international concessions built by several Western countries in Chinese ports between the 1840s and 1940s have been experiencing since the last years of the 20th century the joint phenomena of heritagization and touristification (Gravari-Barbas et al., 2020). These developments are remarkable because of the history of the concessions described as semi-colonies and referring to a not very glorious past for China, marked by the domination of foreign powers.

The buildings constructed by the different concessionary countries have often employed an architectural and decorative vocabulary of national inspiration: an Italianate style for the Italian concession (Marinelli, 2009) or a 'Beaux-Arts' style for the French concession of Tianjin for example (Alliance Française de Tianjin, 2013). Their recent touristification has tended to exacerbate these national architectural frames of reference, resulting in the creation of 'mini themed parks', dedicated to commerce, leisure or tourism (Lu et al., 2019).

Several researchers have shown the thematization of urban spaces in European or North American cities (rehabilitated waterfronts, museumized historic city centers, etc.) (Davis, 1998; Sorkin 2000). Fewer works, however, highlight these phenomena in Asian cities and in post-colonial contexts marked, through tourism, by a reversal of positions vis-à-vis former colonial forces.

This is the scope of this article, which focuses on the former French and Italian concessions in Tianjin. The article highlights the processes, actors and tools of the transformation of former concessions into thematic spaces. It shows that the heritagization of the former concessions was facilitated by their opening to tourism and by the creation of 'exotic' environments, featuring thematized lifestyles, gastronomy, products, and businesses.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019

« Depuis 1950, le nombre de touristes a ete multiplie par 4,5. Le XXIe siecle sera celui d'un... more « Depuis 1950, le nombre de touristes a ete multiplie par 4,5. Le XXIe siecle sera celui d'une societe des loisirs. » Voyages, voyages... Pres de 100 cartes et documents pour comprendre toutes les facettes du tourisme, sur une planete parcourue du pole Nord a la Terre de Feu. • Les debuts du tourisme en Europe, avec le Grand Tour a partir du XIXe siecle • Un phenomene devenu global : plus de 1,2 milliard de touristes aujourd'hui, contre 25 millions en 1950. • La premiere activite economique du monde : 10 % du PIB mondial et la France qui reste la premiere destination touristique. • Les enjeux et la geopolitique du tourisme et des loisirs dans une economie mondialisee : ouverture des frontieres, zones de conflits. Cet atlas met en avant de nombreux exemples sur tous les continents pour illustrer la realite du tourisme et des loisirs aujourd'hui: tourisme culturel, d'affaires, sportif...

Via@, Oct 26, 2014

L’insieme dei testi riuniti in questo numero speciale (doppio) analizza il ruolo che il turismo e... more L’insieme dei testi riuniti in questo numero speciale (doppio) analizza il ruolo che il turismo e il patrimonio, e in modo particolare il patrimonio mondiale, possano entrambi giocare nello sviluppo del continente africano, e la loro relazione coi principi, incluso imperativi, dello sviluppo sostenibile. Rispondere a questo interrogativo implica fare dei ragionamenti scalari non privi di insidie, di partito preso e di ideologie. Conviene dunque dissezionare questa domanda nelle sue componenti...

Routledge eBooks, Mar 9, 2016

Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern yo... more Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.

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Fashion and Tourism. Parallel Stories, 2023

ANGKOR, LABORATOIRE DE LA 'PATRIMONDIALISATION'?, 2017

"Tourism/Gentrification : sex, gender and crossed resistances", AAG 2015, Session "Tourism gentrification in the metropolis", avril 2015, Chicago

Téoros. Revue de recherche en tourisme, 2024

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019

Via@, Oct 26, 2014

Routledge eBooks, Mar 9, 2016

Via@, Jul 1, 2016

Introduction L’evolution des pratiques touristiques tend a remettre en cause les oppositions entr... more Introduction L’evolution des pratiques touristiques tend a remettre en cause les oppositions entre lieux touristiques et lieux non touristiques, entre acteurs touristiques et non touristiques : des lieux touristiques deviennent des lieux ordinaires, tandis qu’a l’inverse des lieux ordinaires deviennent des lieux touristiques. Ainsi, des stations se transforment en villes (Stock, Lucas, 2012) tandis que des banlieues populaires s’affirment comme des destinations touristiques emergentes (Gravar...

Routledge eBooks, Nov 10, 2016

Via@, Jul 1, 2016

Introduccion La evolucion de las practicas turisticas tiende a poner en cuestion la oposicion ent... more Introduccion La evolucion de las practicas turisticas tiende a poner en cuestion la oposicion entre lugares turisticos y lugares no turisticos: algunos lugares turisticos se convierten en lugares ordinarios, mientras que, al contrario, ciertos lugares ordinarios se convierten en lugares turisticos. Asi, ciertas estaciones turisticas se transforman en ciudades (Stock, Lucas, 2012) mientras que suburbios populares se afirman como destinos turisticos emergentes (Gravari-Barbas, Fagnoni, 2013). E...

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015

International audienc

International Journal of Tourism Cities

Purpose Between 1840s and 1940s, 27 occidental concessions have been created in several cities in... more Purpose Between 1840s and 1940s, 27 occidental concessions have been created in several cities in China which represented difficult signs and memories for Chinese. Nowadays, these territories are experiencing a joint phenomenon of heritagization and tourismification which makes them experimental theaters for modern urban life and identity. Taking the former concessions of Tianjin as place study, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the heritage and tourism in the former concessions in city branding and more specifically the actors, approaches and products of this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach This research draws on the comparison and analysis of two place studies in China. The authors base their analysis on semi-structured interviews in Chinese with previously identified stakeholders. In all, 20 individuals, including developers, public authority representatives, business owners, academics and conservation association members, were interviewed. This research...

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Dec 31, 2021

Tourism in Asian Cities, 2020

Via Tourism Review, 2017

Einleitung Sind manche Orte erotisch oder erotischer als andere? Kann man dort intensivere oder a... more Einleitung Sind manche Orte erotisch oder erotischer als andere? Kann man dort intensivere oder andere sexuelle Beziehungen haben als an anderen Orten - auch im Alltag? Beeinflusst ihr vermeintlich erotischer Charakter die Auswahl der Touristen und bringt sie dazu, sie zu besuchen? Diese Frage scheint von vornherein erstaunlich durch die Vermenschlichung, die sie induziert (wie kann man Orten, Platzen oder touristischen Zielen einen erotischen Charakter zuschreiben?) oder durch die Essentiali...

Via Tourism Review, 2017

Introduction ?Existen lugares eroticos o mas eroticos unos que otros? ?Podemos tener relaciones s... more Introduction ?Existen lugares eroticos o mas eroticos unos que otros? ?Podemos tener relaciones sexuales mas intensas o diferentes que en otros lugares a los de nuestra vida cotidiana? ?Su supuesto caracter erotico influiria en las elecciones de los turistas y los alentaria a visitarlos? Esta pregunta parece a priori sorprendente por la humanizacion a la que induce (?como podemos otorgar un caracter erotico a lugares, enclaves o destinos turisticos?) o por la esencializacion de los lugares qu...

Via Tourism Review, 2017

Introduzione Si puo affermare che taluni luoghi siano erotici, o piu erotici di altri? Vi si poss... more Introduzione Si puo affermare che taluni luoghi siano erotici, o piu erotici di altri? Vi si possono avere rapporti sessuali piu intensi o differenti rispetto a luoghi diversi – compresi rispetto a quelli della nostra vita di ogni giorno? Il carattere immaginario erotico di alcuni luoghi potrebbe influenzare la scelta dei turisti e spingerli a visitarli? Tale questione sembra a priori sorprendente per l’“umanizzare” che essa induce rispetto all’entita dei luoghi (ma come si puo attribuire un ...

Via Tourism Review, 2014

Samtliche Texte dieser Sonderausgabe gehen der Frage nach, welchen Beitrag der Tourismus und das ... more Samtliche Texte dieser Sonderausgabe gehen der Frage nach, welchen Beitrag der Tourismus und das Kulturerbe, insbesondere das Welterbe, zur Entwicklung des afrikanischen Kontinents leisten konnen; sie untersuchen ferner ihr Verhaltnis zu den Prinzipien einer auch einstweiligen nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Eine Antwort auf diese Fragestellung impliziert skalare Uberlegungen, die nicht frei sind von Barrieren, Vorurteilen und Weltanschauungen. Es empfiehlt sich daher, diese Frage in ihre implizite...

Via Tourism Review, 2012

The papers in this special issue of Via@ on “Tourist Imaginaries” explore a set of questions abou... more The papers in this special issue of Via@ on “Tourist Imaginaries” explore a set of questions about the role, function and impact of these imaginaries on the places, actors and practices of tourism.The papers are from the conference “Tourism imaginaries /Imaginaires touristiques” held in February 2011 in Berkeley by EIREST2 and the TSWG3 under the scientific leadership of Nelson Graburn (Anthropology) and Maria-Gravari Barbas (Geography). They aim to deepen the concept of the tourist imaginary..

Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 2019

*The word uncanny, referring in our case to the (emotional impacts of) being familiar and yet str... more *The word uncanny, referring in our case to the (emotional impacts of) being familiar and yet strange, is derived simply from the Anglo-Saxon un-kennt, meaning unknown but somehow familiar, as though something had been visible but got hidden. It is closely related to the German unheimlich, meaning almost the same, and productively examined by Jentch and Freud (and in the same vein by Lacan). French has no exact equivalent, but, depending on context, one may use étrange, inouï, dingue, troublant, étonnant etc., especially in combinations such as étrangement troublant.

Alain Bourdin (ed), Major French Cities facing Metropolization, Spinger, Pages 131-155 , 2024

By focusing on metropolitan tourism, this text assumes from the outset that it is of a different ... more By focusing on metropolitan tourism, this text assumes from the outset that it is of a different nature than urban tourism. The difference goes beyond scale. Of course, metropolitan tourism implies the existence of a vast, diversified territory, with globalized economic activity. Metropolitan tourism introduces qualitative changes in the tourist offering, integrating different places and experiences from those offered in hypercentral and often overtouristified districts.
It also attracts a different audience, who have sometimes stocked up on a “tourist capital” acquired from other metropolitan destinations and sometimes even from the same destination they frequently go to as “repeat” visitors. This audience often seeks off-the-beaten-track experiences offered by a network of providers who often stand out from tourism professionals. These developments are relatively recent and have led to a paradigm shift that has had social, economic, cultural and spatial impacts.
The text is based on several of the author’s works undertaken in collaboration with several researchers, including geographers, architects, planners and anthropologists. Began in 2010, these studies address metropolitan tourism (Gravari-Barbas and Fagnoni 2013a) by touching on several topics: off-the-beaten-track tourism and the margins of metropolitan tourism (Gravari-Barbas et al. 2020; Delaplace and Gravari-Barbas 2016; Gravari-Barbas and Delaplace 2015; Gravari-Barbas 2017a); new destinations in Greater Paris (Gravari-Barbas and Jacquot 2018; 2019); the attractiveness of suburban heritage (Jacquot, Gravari-Barbas and Fagnoni 2013; Cousin et al. 2015) or contemporary architecture in the Parisian suburb (Renard et al. 2013 ; Gravari-Barbas 2020) or the challenge of tourism-related conflicts (Gravari-Barbas and Jacquot 2016). The text also draws on the works of a destination contract dubbed “Paris, the Augmented City”, which brought together researchers from the Institute of Advanced Research and Studies on Tourism (IREST) to boost the Paris destination. The first section covers the elements in the introduction of “Tourism and Metropolization. How Tourism gives Paris a new face” (Gravari-Barbas and Fagnoni 2013a).

PATRIMONDIALISATIONS: La fabrique touristique globale du patrimoine, 2024

Penser la façon dont les dynamiques de la patrimonialisation interfèrent avec les mobilités to... more Penser la façon dont les dynamiques de la patrimonialisation interfèrent avec les mobilités touristiques et les circulations mondiales (de personnes, d’idées, de capitaux, d’images, etc.), tel est le but de cet ouvrage. Cinq biens patrimoniaux, emblématiques de la mondialisation du patrimoine, ont servi de terrains d’analyse permettant d’étudier les relations (locale, nationale et mondiale) qui les construisent : trois biens inscrits sur la liste du Patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco (Angkor, l’Arrondissement du Vieux Québec, Marrakech), un bien du patrimoine mondial immatériel inscrit sur la liste de l’Unesco (le tango) et un bien national produit de l’internationalisation (les concessions internationales de Tianjin).
L’analyse de ces cinq terrains est sous-tendue par l’hypothèse d’un nouveau régime de patrimonialisation caractérisé par une coproduction touristique du patrimoine au sein de la mondia- lisation. Le néologisme de "patrimondialisation" désigne le nouveau régime d’une mondialisation du patrimoine, mais aussi d’une mon- dialisation par le patrimoine.
Dans un contexte où le tourisme devient un phénomène universel, où le patrimoine propose une grille de lecture du monde et se structure en réseau mondial, l’analyse de la patrimondialisation permet de saisir les enjeux majeurs – politiques, géopolitiques, économiques, identitaires et culturels – qui sont à explorer à la fois localement et globalement.

Cahiers Français, 2021

Le coup d'arrêt porté au tourisme international durant la pandémie a modifié les pratiques. Le to... more Le coup d'arrêt porté au tourisme international durant la pandémie a modifié les pratiques. Le tourisme de proximité s'en est trouvé privilégié. La levée des restrictions va-t-elle entraîner une fréquentation des destinations les plus prisées à son niveau d'avant la crise ? Seule une attitude déterminée des gouvernements locaux et nationaux et l'instauration d'une nouvelle gouvernance touristique permettront de refonder le secteur.

Maria Gravari-Barbas, 2009

The paper analyses the emergence of African American heritage at the beginning of the 2000s in Ba... more The paper analyses the emergence of African American heritage at the beginning of the 2000s in Baltimore, USA. Since the 1970s, Baltimore based its tourism development on an intensive waterfront redevelopment and on large-scale PPP tourism-leisure infrastructures at the Inner Harbor area, which became a model for tourisme development of former industrial decayed areas. It is only after the 2000s, and in specific political and social context, that Baltimore tourism and urban stakeholders “discover” African American heritage as a new tourism development perspective. However, African American heritage initiatives have been developed previously according the “geography” of the African American communities. The “discovery” of the African American tourism potential brought significant changes to the geography of African American tourism. This text analyses the context in which African American heritage becomes a political and economic issue for local decision-makers and the latent conflicts of its interpretation and development.

Paris, a ‘world tourism city’ (Maitland and Newman 2009), is the first metropolitan tourist desti... more Paris, a ‘world tourism city’ (Maitland and Newman 2009), is the first metropolitan tourist destination in Europe. Since the nineteenth century, tourism intrinsically forms part of the urban development of the city. Some of its most famous places are the result of major tourism events, such as the International Exhibitions of 1889 or 1901. By contrast with other major European urban tourism destinations, such as Berlin or Barcelona, mass tourism development in Paris is not a recent phenomenon of the past two decades caused by relatively recent developments such as a notable mega-event (e.g. the Barcelona Olympic Games of 1992) or political development (e.g. German reunification). Paris is certainly facing several issues related to the management of major tourism flows: the hyper-concentration of tourists in particular sites and areas such as Le Marais, Montmartre or Notre-Dame; tourism gentrification, commercial mono-activity and the commodification of a number of key tourist sites; rent increases, etc. Nevertheless, we do not seem to observe in Paris the large-scale public expressions of hostility vis-à-vis tourism which have manifested themselves in recent years in cities such as Barcelona or Berlin and have been widely reported in the European media. While the residents of Paris may complain about the visible impacts of the presence of tourists in the city (e.g. against noise, street congestion, or concentrations in specific night spots), this does not amount to what we could identify as an organized, large-scale opposition to tourism. This chapter aims at contributing to the understanding of this paradox – that there seems to be “no tourism conflict” in Paris.

MOOC, 2019

This second volume of the MOOC "Tourism Management at UNESCO World Heritage Sites" is published ... more This second volume of the MOOC "Tourism Management at UNESCO World Heritage Sites" is published on FUN MOOC. It is designed and run by an international network of universities: highly profiled researchers and professors share their knowledge with you in an accessible way on tourism at UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tailored to policy makers, site managers, students and people active in the tourism industry, this new volume provides an introduction to tourism at UNESCO World Heritage Sites: focus of the course are heritage communication, management and marketing.

Since its beginnings, tourism created imagined worlds, corresponding to the dreams, expectations ... more Since its beginnings, tourism created imagined worlds, corresponding to the dreams, expectations and imagination of the tourists. These tourism environments have a dialectical and dialogical relationship with the “real” word and its architectural references.
On the one hand, they reinterpret architectural and urban archetypes: the medieval castle or the antique palace, the Renaissance villa or the Mediterranean village; on the other hand, they architecturally materialize utopias: pristine environments, idealized worlds, Eden and Paradise. In most cases these two situations occur simultaneously, creating idealised places inspired by dreamed or utopic narratives.
If these tourism worlds have been inspired by “really” experienced places or by imagined worlds, it not less truth that they have inspired, in turn, the places in which we live, work, learn, do shopping, or practice our leisure activities. Contemporary urban environments, offered as tourism attractions, are re-interpreted in order to better correspond to tourism imaginaries. Architects and ‘imagineers’ translate in their simulacra powerful tourism imaginaries of Paris or Venice, of the French Riviera or the Caribbean Sea.
These idealised worlds are offered as the setting on which new tourism performances may take place. Tourists are not only the “consumers” of these idealised worlds; they co-produce and they constantly re-interpret them through their imaginaries and their practices.
The session aims at questioning and analysing the worlds built - with the complicity and the active participation of tourists - for and by tourism.
This AAG session will explore:
*Tourism architecture: Copies and simulacra (references, models, geographies)
*Architecture, game and themed environments: Macao, Las Vegas, European recreated cities in Asia…
*Tourism imagined worlds / Dreamlands: theme parks, resorts, "tourist bubbles"
*The architecture, furniture, design, micro-environments, and landscapes of tourism worlds
*The tourism architecture as a storytelling
*The "Major fictions" used in tourism themed environments: the Haussmannian Paris, Venice, the exoticism of the Caribbean, the colonies…and their relationship to their urban and architectural archetypes.
*Cinema fictions and tourism architecture
*Tourism architecture and relation to time: heritagization, destruction, rewritings…
*The creators and the designers of Tourism worlds: architects, designers, imagineers
*Tourist practices /performances and tourism architecture
*Tourist imaginaries and tourism architecture

Bibliographical references
AlSayyad, Nezar, 1922, Forms of Dominance: on the architecture and urbanism of the colonial enterprise, Ethnoscapes, vol. 5, Aldershot, UK, Avebury.
Bosker, Bianca, Original Copies: Architectural Mimicry in Contemporary China, Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press; Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2013.
Franci Giovanna, 2006, The Myth of the Grand Tour and Contemporary Mass Tourism Imagination: The Example of Las Vegas, Bologna: CLUEB.
Graburn, Nelson, 2004, Inhabiting Simulacra: the reimaging of Environments in Japan, Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 39-39.
Hom Stephanie Malia, 2010, Italy without Borders: Simulacra, Tourism, Suburbia, and the New Grand Tour, Italian studies, Vol. 65 No. 3, November, 376–97.
Minca Claudio, 2007, The Tourist landscape Paradox, Social and Cultural Geography, Taylor and Francis.
Ockman, Joan, 2004, “New Politics of the Spectacle: Bilbao and the Global Imagination.” Architecture and Tourism: Perception, Performance, and Place. Ed. D Medina Lasansky and Brian McLaren. First. New York, Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2004. 227–239. Print.
Venturi Robert, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977.

Submission procedure:
Please send abstracts (max. 250 words) and contact details to Maria Gravari-Barbas (maria.gravari-barbas@wanadoo.fr) and Jean-François Staszak (Jean-Francois.Staszak@unige.ch) by October 15, 2015. We will notify contributors of acceptance by October 20, 2015. All accepted contributors will need to register for the conference and provide their PIN to the organizers by October 27 in order to be included on the panel. For general information about the conference, visit: http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting

Presentation: The contemporary movement of heritagization, characterised by a multiple expansion... more Presentation:
The contemporary movement of heritagization, characterised by a multiple expansion (typological, chronological, spatial) of heritage and of heritage producers (local actors, inhabitants, social groups, national states, international players), nourishes also the production of alternative heritage. By this expression, we wish to focus on non-institutional, dissonant, under recognized heritage, located on the “pioneer front” of contemporary heritage production. Alter-heritage represents, therefore, an alternative to the heritage institutional «production chain », controlled by the national state (Heinich, 2009), by metropolitan leaders or corporate private groups. It also represents an alternative to the hyper-spectacular heritage sites encompassing the capital resources, the global attention and the international tourist flows (Gravari-Barbas, 2012 and 2014). These questions become important in a context in wich heritagization is quasi-systematically associated with gentrification (Semmoud, 2005) and used by the late aesthetic capitalism (Lipovetsky, Serroy, 2013). Are other, “alternative” ways for heritage and heritazigation possible?

Alter-heritage can represent different types of alternatives:

-a geographical alternative: by its location in the suburbs, away from the historic centres and the Central Tourist Districts (Duhamel, Knafou, 2007),

-a typological alternative: by the nature of heritagizised objects which may hold a controversial value, such as the heritage of the housing projects of the 2nd-post-world-war years (Pouvreau, 2011; Veschambre, 2010 and 2014),

- a social alternative: by their reference to imagined communities and to minorities, as in the case of the heritage of immigration (Rautenberg, 2007), or by the role played by non-favoured social groups in its construction,

- a tourist alternative: by their marginal location compared to the dominant fluxes and practices,

- a political alternative: by their own intention of being alternative [for example militant heritages (Aguilar, 1982) or cultural activism (Prévot, Douay, 2012)], or protest practices of heritage (Bondaz, Isnard, Leblon, 2012).

Alter-heritages can belong to one or more categories. They can be altogether geographic, social, typology and tourist alternatives (Jacquot, Fagnoni, Gravari-Barbas, 2012). For example, heritage located at the suburbs of contemporary metropolitan regions, may become, through the action of popular social categories or political groups, an activism locus, aimed at reversing the dominant stigma of the suburb.
The choice of examining the metropolitan regions comes from the trend toward metropolization of culture and heritage (Djament-Tran, San Marco, 2014), and from the concentration of initiatives of alter-heritagization in metropolitan areas as well as from the growing role that metropolises play in the construction of a political alternative (Harvey, 2012).
This proposed session on “alter-heritagization in the contemporary metropolitan regions” aims at:

- identifying alternative heritages, their categorizations and their promoters (social, ethnic, cultural groups; inhabitants...),

- analysing the alternative terms of heritage (what does make the heritage alternative? Does the alter-heritagization imply a change in the notion of heritage itself?),

- analysing the eventual relationships between alter-heritage and institutional heritage (alter-heritage can break with the institutional heritage or on the contrary it can become an institutional one),

- analysing the relationships between alter-heritage and tourism (does alter-heritage imply an alter-tourism?),

- identifying heritage conflicts in which they are involved, the issues of power at stake and their relationships with metropolitan conflicts in general,

- analysing the contribution of alter-heritage to the construction of a metropolitan alternative (Beal, Rousseau, 2014). Is alter-heritagization a tool allowing an alter-metropolitization (in what meaning?)? What does alter-heritagization change in the metropolization process?

This call for papers, which questions the hypothesis of a trend toward democratization of heritage and its issues, deals with two themes of the 2016 ACHS Conference:

- “The critical turn in public history and memory studies”
- “Rethinking heritage policies beyond elite cultural narratives”.

All papers submitted will be peer reviewed through a process managed by ACHS2016 scientific committee.

How is a tourist site imagined, produced, and experienced as an erotic site? Since the 1980s, man... more How is a tourist site imagined, produced, and experienced as an erotic site? Since the 1980s, many researchers have linked tourism to sexuality by emphasizing sex tourism, which they define as international travel aimed at purchasing sex services (legally or not). Lying beyond this contested definition, the issue of tourists’ sexuality has remained largely neglected, and the eroticization of destination countries has often been confused with the eroticization of their sex workers. This colloquium seeks to explore tourists’ imaginaries and erotic practices as they build, transform or engage precise sites. We are not speaking about the essentializing of site eroticism, but about comprehending eroticization processes (geographical, historical, cultural, economic processes, etc.), and identifying their rationales, participants, and outcomes. To us, “eroticization” means the production of desire objects (sexual, amorous, sensual, etc.). At stake in this colloquium is a better understanding of the diverse forms of tourism, which is achieved through the questioning of site eroticization. These eroticized sites include the prime destinations of sexual tourism, but not only. We welcome every discipline and approach, from any terrain, and about every topic. Since sexual tourism is already a well covered subject, we will accept only the papers that highlight the eroticization of places instead of people (unless they belong to a site), or that question the notion of ‘sex tourism’ to better conceptualize the eroticization of tourist sites. More generally, we prefer papers whose theoretical challenges enlarge empirical findings.

Fashion and Tourism. Parallel Stories, 2023

Since the end of the 20th century a movement has been observed, both in geography of tourism and ... more Since the end of the 20th century a movement has been observed, both in geography of tourism and in fashion, spreading to districts located on the outskirts of cities. This is the case of Château Rouge, located in the 18th arrondissement of Paris. For years considered as a “no-go zone”, the district is now experiencing parallel phenomena of “off-the-beaten-tracks” tourism and fashion development. This chapter analyzes the processes and actors behind the expansion of the tourism perimeter and the diversification of fashion venues, as well as the implications of these developments for the city of Paris.

Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2024

Patrimondialisations La fabrique touristique globale du patrimoine Gravari-Barbas Maria (sous... more Patrimondialisations
La fabrique touristique globale du patrimoine

Gravari-Barbas Maria (sous la direction), Jacquot Sebastien (sous la direction)
Penser la façon dont les dynamiques de la patrimonialisation interfèrent avec les mobilités touristiques et les circulations mondiales (de personnes, d’idées, de capitaux, d’images, etc.), tel est le but de cet ouvrage. Cinq biens patrimoniaux, emblématiques de la mondialisation du patrimoine, ont servi de terrains d’analyse permettant d’étudier les relations (locale, nationale et mondiale) qui les construisent : trois biens inscrits sur la liste du Patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco (Angkor, l’Arrondissement du Vieux Québec, Marrakech), un bien du patrimoine mondial immatériel inscrit sur la liste de l’Unesco (le tango) et un bien national produit de l’internationalisation (les concessions internationales de Tianjin).

L’analyse de ces cinq terrains est sous-tendue par l’hypothèse d’un nouveau régime de patrimonialisation caractérisé par une coproduction touristique du patrimoine au sein de la mondia- lisation. Le néologisme de patrimondialisation désigne le nouveau régime d’une mondialisation du patrimoine, mais aussi d’une mon- dialisation par le patrimoine.

Dans un contexte où le tourisme devient un phénomène universel, où le patrimoine propose une grille de lecture du monde et se structure en réseau mondial, l’analyse de la patrimondialisation permet de saisir les enjeux majeurs – politiques, géopolitiques, économiques, identitaires et culturels – qui sont à explorer à la fois localement et globalement.

This book aims to be the first substantive text to explain the multiple and complex relationships... more This book aims to be the first substantive text to explain
the multiple and complex relationships between tourism
and gentrification in contemporary metropolises. The text
approaches these issues in an innovative way, by looking
at a diverse range of metropolises in a diverse range of
countries and by dealing with the different relations and
management issues generated by gentrification in relation
with tourism. Through interdisciplinary approaches, this
text sheds light on the role tourism plays in contemporary
metropolises furthering knowledge of urban tourism. It will
be of particular interest to scholars and students of tourism,
urban studies, geography and sociology.

Du musée traditionnel, parvenu jusqu’à nous sans grande transformation depuis le XIXe siècle, au ... more Du musée traditionnel, parvenu jusqu’à nous sans grande transformation depuis le XIXe siècle, au musée « événement » instrumentalisé par les politiques urbaines et l’économie touristique, les musées connaissent une transformation profonde depuis une trentaine d’années. La fin du XXe et le début du XXIe siècle ont vu naître un nouveau modèle d’établissement muséal, impulsé par un changement d’enjeu, un changement d’échelle urbaine et développement inédit des mobilités touristiques.
Le musée n’a jamais auparavant suscité de telles mobilités touristiques. Or, si le musée « produit » du tourisme, il n’en est pas moins vrai que le tourisme « produit » du musée.
L’objectif de cet ouvrage est d’étudier cette relation complexe et ces rapports multiformes entre musée, tourismes, et villes.

Du musée traditionnel, parvenu jusqu’à nous sans grande transformation depuis le xixe siècle, au ... more Du musée traditionnel, parvenu jusqu’à nous sans grande
transformation depuis le xixe siècle, au musée « événement »
instrumentalisé par les politiques urbaines et l’économie
touristique, les musées connaissent une transformation
profonde depuis une trentaine d’années. La fin du xxe siècle
et le début du xxie ont vu naître un nouveau modèle d’établissement
muséal, impulsé par un changement d’enjeu, un
changement d’échelle urbaine et le développement inédit
des mobilités touristiques.
Le musée est véritablement devenu acteur du tourisme. Or,
si le musée « produit » du tourisme, il n’en est pas moins vrai
que le tourisme « produit » du musée. L’objectif de cet
ouvrage est d’étudier cette relation complexe et ces rapports
multiformes entre musée, tourisme et ville.

Edited by Laurent Bourdeau, University of Laval, Canada, Maria Gravari-Barbas, University of Pari... more Edited by Laurent Bourdeau, University of Laval, Canada, Maria Gravari-Barbas, University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France and Mike Robinson, University of Birmingham, UK
Series: Heritage, Culture and Identity

The remarkable success of the 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is borne out by the fact that nearly 1,000 properties have now been designated as possessing Outstanding Universal Value and recognition given to the imperative for their protection. However, the remarkable success of the Convention is not without its challenges and a key issue for many Sites relates to the touristic legacies of inscription. For many sites inscription on the World Heritage List acts as a promotional device and the management challenge is one of protection, conservation and dealing with increased numbers of tourists. For other sites, designation has not brought anticipated expansion in tourist numbers and associated investments. What is clear is that tourism is now a central concern to the wide array of stakeholders involved with World Heritage Sites. It is a motivation for regions, states and communities to be put on the World Heritage List and it is certainly an outcome of being on the List.

This volume, through a diverse range of international cases covering cultural, natural and mixed World Heritage Sites, covering both the developed and the developing world, examines the ways in which sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List and what this has meant in terms of tourism relating to practical issues of management, carrying capacity and the experiences of tourists and local communities. It also looks at the way ‘being on the list’ shapes, and is shaped by, shifting values and politics at the macro and micro level.

Contents: World Heritage and tourism: from opposition to co-production, Maria Gravari-Barbas, Laurent Bourdeau and Mike Robinson; The use and impact of World Heritage designation by Canadian heritage sites - an exploratory media analysis, Elizabeth A. Halpenny and Alexandra Arellano; The impact of World Heritage on tourism and the integrity of heritage: some experience from Mexico, Richard Shieldhouse; Implications of World Heritage designation for local residents: a case study from Taishan and Taiqian, China, Yixiao Xiang and Geoffrey Wall; Cultural routes as World Heritage Sites: challenges of the nomination of the ancient Silk Roads, Isabel Maria Torres Martínez; The relationship between World Heritage designation and local identity, Takamitsu Jimura; Local consequences of global recognition: the ‘value’ of World Heritage status for Zanzibar Stone Town, Akbar Keshodkar; Gender and (World) Heritage: the myth of a gender neutral heritage, Sarah Ellen Shortliffe; The local-to-global dynamics of World Heritage interpretation, Noel B. Salazar; Immediacy, photography and memory: the tourist experience of Machu Picchu, Sarah Quinlan Cutler, Sean Doherty and Barbara Carmichael; The social life of the castles: inclusion, exclusion, and heritage sites in Ghana, Ann Reed; Place making and experience in World Heritage cities, Luna Khirfan; Le Morne Cultural Landscape Heritage Site: its different senses of attachment and contestation, Chaya Hurnath and Priscilla Sambadoo; Expectations and experiences of visitors at the Giant’s Causeway World Heritage Site, Northern Ireland, Kevin R. Crawford; Demolition of tangible properties as an intangible practice, Ayako Fukushima; The ethics of landscape: discourses of cultural and environmental sustainability in the heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site, Angela McClanahan; Old maps, new traffics: political itineraries around scattered heritage of Portuguese origin, Maria Cardeira da Silva; World Heritage and sustainable tourism: shared values?, Jane Brantom; Index.

About the Editor: Laurent Bourdeau is in the Department of Geography at the Université Laval, Canada, Maria Gravari-Barbas is at the Institut de Recherche et d’Études Supérieures du Tourisme, University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France and Mike Robinson is at the Ironbridge International Institute for Cultural Heritage, University of Birmingham, UK.

Reviews: 'This volume provides an exploration of current themes in World Heritage Site tourism using case studies from nearly every portion of Earth. Contained within are excellent discussions of topics not covered elsewhere: the social life of heritage tourism sites, the absence of gender in heritage, and the role of intangibility. It is a useful addition to any heritage tourism library.'
Daniel C. Knudsen, Indiana University, USA

‘This collection of essays provides a well-rounded, global overview of many important issues in the context of sustainable World Heritage Site management. Its contributors deliver a wide-ranging array of empirical case studies and tasty conceptual tidbits we all need to appreciate better as we strive to understand tourism, heritagization processes and the consumption of tangible and intangible pasts.’
Dallen J. Timothy, Arizona State University, USA

Extracts from this title are available to view:

Full contents list : http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/World-Heritage-Tourism-and-Identity-Cont.pdf

Chapter 1 - World Heritage and Tourism: From Opposition to Co-production :
http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/World-Heritage-Tourism-and-Identity-Ch1.pdf

Index : http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/World-Heritage-Tourism-and-Identity-Index.pdf

Ce carnet de terrain, élaboré par Maria Gravari-Barbas, Sandra Guinand, Yue Lu à la suite d’une m... more Ce carnet de terrain, élaboré par Maria Gravari-Barbas, Sandra Guinand, Yue Lu à la suite d’une mission à Tianjin en août 2016, propose une série de textes et de photographies…

The paper suggests a more critical analysis of conflictual situations between stararchitecture an... more The paper suggests a more critical analysis of conflictual situations between stararchitecture and historic landscape. We show that their apparent antinomy is much more ambiguous than bibliography suggests. More than the result of two opposing or even conflicting paradigms, the conservation of the historical urban landscape and the construction of iconic architectures are the expression of a demand for the same "global urban product", aiming at creating a marketable image and at attracting the transnational elites (Sklair and Gherardi, 2012).
The paper is onranized in four sections. The first one analyses recent evolutions of the concept of Historic Urban Landscape and the shift from a strictly heritage approach to a more managerial view. The second presents the concept of iconic architecture and of "starchitecture" and their impact on contemporary cities. The third section analyses the conflicts that often characterize urban conditions in which iconic projects are considered to be threatening to the historical context. We focus on World Heritage UNESCO cities since UNESCO recommendations, and the risk of being on the “danger list”, or even lose UNESCO status, play a key role. The fourth section will finally propose a critical analysis of these conflicting situations. The paper will question their apparent antinomy, in order to identify and stress the common factors that are producing exclusive urban landscapes characterized both by "world-status heritage" and "world-status contemporary architecture".

REVISTA DE ARQUITECTURA - Universidad Católica de Colombia (Bogotá, Colombia), 2018

Al analizar el rol de la arquitectura en el fortalecimiento de nuevas economías urbanas apoyadas ... more Al analizar el rol de la arquitectura en el fortalecimiento de nuevas economías urbanas apoyadas en el turismo, puede constatarse que durante las últimas dos décadas una tipología arquitectónica se ha erigido como indiscutible paradigma urbano, para convertirse en pieza fundamental en el desarrollo de estrategias orientadas al desarrollo turístico de ciudades y territorios: la arquitectura museística. Con la construcción y la espectacular mediatización desplegada en torno al Museo Guggenheim en Bilbao (1998), la cartografía internacional del turismo urbano tomó nuevos rumbos marcados por el denominado “efecto Bilbao” y por tendencias cada vez más globales que se analizan en el presente texto. Para ello se estudian algunos de los casos más representativos a nivel internacional de branding arquitectónico orientado a instituciones museísticas, así como su relación con la consolidación del fenómeno de la starchitecture encarnado en figuras como Gehry, Nouvel o Koolhaas. Conceptos como brandscapes o paradigmatic cities, o fenómenos de “macdonalización” o “anti-Bilbao” que se reproducen en un contexto de hipermodernidad, alimentan la abundante historiografía existente sobre la producción
contemporánea de arquitectura y de ciudad que ha trascendido toda demanda funcionalista.

CLIMATE CHANGE, WORLD HERITAGE AND TOURISM , 2019

Climate change is one of the fastest growing threats to World Heritage sites globally. Virtually ... more Climate change is one of the fastest growing threats to World Heritage sites globally. Virtually all are affected by changes in the climate, but many are facing severe climate impacts including coastal flooding and erosion, more intense hurricanes and typhoons, and increased risk of damaging wildfires.
Most World Heritage sites are important tourist destinations, and many are among the most emblematic places on the planet, helping to drive economic development and tourism.
However global growth in tourism brings significant issues.

At a global scale, tourism is a major factor contributing to climate change. Carbon emissions from tourism, including air travel, are expected to double in the next 25 years. Climate change poses a risk to the integrity and preservation of World Heritage properties, endangering what makes them attractive to tourists.

Site managers are confronted with assessing risk and managing environmental change, often with few resources and little scientific information about local climate scenarios. Climate change can also impact the safety, quality of experience and number of visitors to sites, and the tourism sector itself is affected and threatened by climate change. Growing water scarcity, more extreme weather events, security concerns, rising insurance costs, and more generally the damage caused to World Heritage properties by climate change are weakening established tourism models and, with them, the local economies that depend on tourism. Where visitor numbers are already overwhelming site services, or where tourism development is uncontrolled, climate change can exacerbate the problems caused by unsustainable tourism.

Faced with these issues, the managers of World Heritage sites are setting up new measures to both mitigate and adapt to these phenomena. These include projects to assess risk, minimize the impacts of climate change by increasing site resilience, and launching initiatives to adapt to changing conditions. What are the conservation, management, communication and interpretation tools that are being developed and tested? What lessons are we learning?

The proceedings of the seminar "Climate Change, World Heritage and Tourism" discuss these questions holistically and at global, regional and local scales.

ALULA BUILDING THE ULTIMATE TOURISM DESTINATION. REPORT OF THE UNESCO UNITWIN EXPERTS “CULTURE, TOURISM, DEVELOPMENT”, 2020

From November 23rd to 30th, a group of 16 experts from 9 countries in Europe, Africa and Latin Am... more From November 23rd to 30th, a group of 16 experts from 9 countries in Europe, Africa and Latin America gathered at AlUla at the joint invitation of RCU and AFALULA to brainstorm tourism development and is social, cultural and economic implications. The experts are members of the UNESCO UNITWIN network “Culture, Tourism, Development” coordinated by Maria GRAVARI-BARBAS, Paris 1 PanthéonSorbonne University. UNITWIN networks serve as a prime means of capacity building through the exchange of knowledge and sharing in a spirit of solidarity. They promote North-South and South-South cooperation as a strategy to enrich institutions and field actors. They represent a closely-knit system of cooperation in research, documentation and training to facilitate exchanges and knowledgesharing among universities, decision makers, non-governmental organizations, civil society and the private sector