Md. S Amran | University of Dhaka, Bangladesh (original) (raw)

Papers by Md. S Amran

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 8(1): 1-18, 2016; Article no.INDJ.26317 , 2016

Medicine is one of the outstanding gifts of science to save lives. In addition to the desired the... more Medicine is one of the outstanding gifts of science to save lives. In addition to the desired therapeutic effect almost all of the medicine possesses the undesired secondary effect called side effect. From the over-the-counter (OTC) aspirin to the prescription medicine on the market, all medicines come with side effects. Numerous are negligible, few are problematic, some are major and certain are just weird. Almost any drug can cause nausea, vomiting or an upset stomach. Every medication carries some risks, although in some cases side effects are not noticeable as a result of

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 7(2): 1-9, , 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic disease and plant derived products are used to combat this deadly disease... more Diabetes is a metabolic disease and plant derived products are used to combat this deadly disease. Plant is a diverse source of numerous therapeutic compounds which can be used to ameliorate diabetes. Leaves of Coccinia grandis (L.) (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is one of the leafy vegetable that is used for this purpose traditionally. It has been used against diabetes for a very long time. Our aims were to identify the hypoglycemic effect of extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis as well as to determine its safety profile so that we could use the plant material to improve the diabetic condition. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/Kg bodyweight and ethanolic extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis was fed to the rats at a dose of 750 mg/kg. We measured blood glucose level, and safety profile by measuring SGOT, SGPT and creatinine level on diabetic and non-diabetic rats before and after administration of the extract. After measuring blood glucose level, it was found that the hypoglycemic efficacy was comparable to that of metformin (p> 0.05) which was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Safety profile were investigated by checking SGOT, SGPT and creatinine level. It was seen that both metformin and leaf extract of Coccinia grandis improved the pathological condition induced by diabetes. Furthermore, in healthy individual rats both metformin and leaf extract of Coccinia grandis did not significantly alter the normal physiological state. It might, therefore, be inferred that the extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis could be used as a good alternative therapy to treat diabetes.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2022, Article ID 9095504, 18 pages , 2022

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for ne... more Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for new antidiabetic remedies has become an impressive territory for life science researchers. Gynura procumbens has long been used to treat diabetes. us, we strived to ascertain the hypoglycemic potentiality of extract of leaves of G. procumbens by in vivo and in silico approaches. Methods. Fresh leaves of G. procumbens were collected and shade-dried to prepare ethanolic extracts to evaluate pharmacological parameters. Diabetes was induced in rats via injecting alloxan through the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Humalyzer 3000 was used to perform a biochemical assay of collected samples from rats. Anti-hyperglycemic activity study along with overdose toxicity test was performed. e pharmacological activity of this plant was also evaluated through a molecular docking study. is in silico study investigated the binding affinity of natural ligands from G. procumbens against glycoside hydrolase enzymes. Results. We detected a peak plasma concentration of G. procumbens at 3 hours 45 minutes that is roughly similar to the peak plasma concentration of metformin. Again, in OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic tests, it has been ascertained that both plant extract and metformin can exert significant (P < 0.05) and highly significant (P < 0.01) hypoglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin exhibited better therapeutic efficacy than that of plant extract, but it possessed null statistical significance. Also, our safety profile expressed that, similar to metformin, the plant extract can restore the disturbed pathological state in a dose-oriented approach with a wide safety margin. In silico study also validated the potentialities of natural constituents of G. procumbens. Conclusion. is study suggested that G. procumbens can be considered as potential antidiabetic plant. Robust and meticulous investigation regarding plant chemistry and pharmacology in the future may bring about a new dimension that will aid in discovering antidiabetic drugs from this plant in the diabetes management system.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 3(22) 2013, 1-5., 2013

The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducibl... more The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and cost effective UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of cefixime trihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The solvent used throughout the experiment was the mixer of methanol and water. Absorption maximum (λ max) of the drug was found to be 287 nm. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out at 287 nm and Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 2-20µg/mL. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having line equation y = 0.025x + 0.078 with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The recovery values for cefixime trihydrate ranged from 99.57%-100.86%. The relative standard deviation of six replicates of assay was less than 2%. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD%) of interday precision range was 0.059-0.546 % and intraday precision range was 0.102-0.299%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.053 µg/mL and 0.159 µg/mL. The percent relative standard deviation of robustness and ruggedness of the method was 0.258-0.365%. Hence, proposed method was precise, accurate and cost effective. This method could be applicable for quantitative determination of the bulk drug as well as dosage formulation.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 77-81, 2013

Bangladesh and they possess remarkable antidiabetic activities. The main purpose of this project ... more Bangladesh and they possess remarkable antidiabetic activities. The main purpose of this project was to find out the new antidiabetic compound(s) from plants available in our locality. As such an attempt has been made to isolate the antidiabetic compounds from the kernel of mango. Solvent extractions followed by column and thin layer chromatographic techniques were used to purify the compounds. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the purified compounds which might have antidiabetic property.

Background: The study of the interaction of a drug with plasma protein is very important because ... more Background: The study of the interaction of a drug with plasma protein is very important because drug-protein binding plays an important role in determination of pharmacological and toxicological properties of drugs. Our study was designed to investigate the interaction between aceclofenac and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using fluorescence spectroscopy at different temperatures (298 and 308 K). Methods: Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to carry out the study. Fluorescence quenching constant was determined from Stern-Volmer equation. Van't Hoff equation was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS). Results: The experimental data showed that the quenching of BSA by aceclofenac was due to a formation of a BSA-aceclofenac complex with probable involvement of both tryptophan and tyrosine residues of BSA. Dynamic quenching was shown for BSA by aceclofenac at the experimental conditions. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the hydrophobic forces played major roles for BSA-aceclofenac complexation. The binding number (n) was found to be ≈1 indicating that 1 mol of BSA bound with 1 mol of aceclofenac. The binding affinity of aceclofenac to BSA was calculated at different temperatures. It was shown that the binding constant decreased with increasing temperatures indicating that stability of the BSA-aceclofenac complex decreased with increasing temperatures. Conclusions: The interaction of aceclofenac with BSA was successfully explored using a fluorescence spectroscopic technique.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with caffeine is a combination medicine indicated for the temporary r... more Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with caffeine is a combination medicine indicated for the temporary relief of pain and discomfort associated with a number of conditions such as headache or muscle pain. There is a controversy going on this combination concerning their safety in patients, since 1 year later of their introduction in 1950. Paracetamol is a first-line therapy of choice in adults and children with fever and pain. Caffeine is used in this product to increase the pain relieving effects of paracetamol. Paracetamol has a narrow safety margin and there are number of risks associated with paracetamol. It is only safe and effective when used according to directions on OTC (Over-The-Counter) and R x labeling. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) drug safety communication state that prescription paracetamol products to be limited to 325 mg per tablet, capsule, or other dosage unit, making these products safer for patients. Chronic or excessive administration of

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for ne... more Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for new antidiabetic remedies has become an
impressive territory for life science researchers. Gynura procumbens has long been used to treat diabetes. ,us, we strived to ascertain the
hypoglycemic potentiality of extract of leaves of G. procumbens by in vivo and in silico approaches.
Methods. Fresh leaves of G. procumbens were collected and shade-dried to prepare ethanolic extracts to evaluate pharmacological parameters. Diabetes was induced in rats via injecting alloxan through the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Humalyzer 3000 was used to perform a biochemical assay of collected samples from rats. Anti-hyperglycemic activity study along with overdose toxicity test was
performed. ,e pharmacological activity of this plant was also evaluated through a molecular docking study. , is in silico study investigated the binding affinity of natural ligands from G. procumbens against glycoside hydrolase enzymes.
Results. We detected a peak plasma concentration of G. procumbens at 3 hours 45 minutes that is roughly similar to the peak plasma concentration of metformin.
Again, in OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic tests, it has been ascertained that both plant extract and metformin can exert significant
(P < 0.05) and highly significant (P < 0.01) hypoglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin exhibited better therapeutic
efficacy than that of plant extract, but it possessed null statistical significance. Also, our safety profile expressed that, similar to metformin,
the plant extract can restore the disturbed pathological state in a dose-oriented approach with a wide safety margin. In silico study also
validated the potentialities of natural constituents of G. procumbens. Conclusion. ,is study suggested that G. procumbens can be
considered as potential antidiabetic plant. Robust and meticulous investigation regarding plant chemistry and pharmacology in the future
may bring about a new dimension that will aid in discovering antidiabetic drugs from this plant in the diabetes management system.

PLOS ONE, 2023

Abstract Introduction The liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, performs a wide ... more Abstract
Introduction
The liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, performs a wide variety of vital
functions. Hepatic cell injury occurs by the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that
are generated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), xenobiotics, and other toxic substances
through cytochrome P450-dependent steps resulting from the covalent bond formation with
lipoproteins and nucleic acids. Observing the urgent state of hepatotoxic patients worldwide,
different medicinal plants and their properties can be explored to combat such free radical
damage to the liver. In vivo and in silico studies were designed and conducted to evaluate
the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Gynura procumbens in rats.
Materials and methods
Gynura procumbens leaves were collected and extracted using 70% ethanol. The required
chemicals CCl4, standard drug (silymarin), and blood serum analysis kits were stocked. The
in vivo tests were performed in 140 healthy Wister albino rats of either sex under well-controlled parameters divided into 14 groups, strictly maintaining Institutional Animal Ethics
Committee (IEAC) protocols. For the histopathology study, 10% buffered neutral formalin
was used for organ preservation. Later the specimens were studied under a fluorescence
microscope. In silico molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed, and the results were analyzed statistically.Results and discussion
Gynura procumbens partially negate the deleterious effect of carbon tetrachloride on normal
weight gain in rats. The elevated level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT),
serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, LDH, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation ranges, gamma-glutamyl
transferase (γ-GT) in CCl4 treated groups were decreased by both standard drug silymarin
and G. procumbens leaf extract. We have found significant & highly significant changes statistically for different doses, here p<0.05 & p<0.01, respectively. On the other hand, G. procumbens and silymarin displayed Statistically significant (p<0.05) and high significant
(p<0.01) increased levels of HDL, CAT SOD (here p<0.05 & p<0.01 for different doses)
when the treatment groups were compared with the disease control group. Because the
therapeutic activity imparted by plants and drugs accelerates the movement of the disturbed
pathophysiological state toward the healthy state. In the molecular docking analysis, G. procumbens phytoconstituents performed poorly against transforming growth factor-beta 1
(TGF-β1) compared to the control drug silymarin. In contrast, 26 phytoconstituents scored
better than the control bezafibrate against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
(PPAR-α). The top scoring compounds for both macromolecules were observed to form stable complexes in the molecular dynamics simulations. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
performed better than other constituents in providing hepatoprotective activity. It can, thus,
be inferred that the extract of G. procumbens showed good hepatoprotective properties in
rats.

Abnormal passage of liquid or unformed stool at an increased frequency is termed as diarrhea: Inf... more Abnormal passage of liquid or unformed stool at an increased frequency is termed as diarrhea: Infectious agents, certain medications, plant and animal toxins, gastrointestinal disorders, and substances that enhance gastrointestinal tract secretions are may be the triggers of diarrhea [1]. In recent times, medicinal plants occupy a considerable position for being the paramount sources of drug discovery irrespective of its categorized groups- herb, shrub or tree [2]. Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent is widely used in Ayurvedic system of medicine [3]. The crude methanolic extract of Oroxylum indicum bark and fruits with different soluble partitionates were subjected to investigate for the evaluation of analgesic, hypoglycemic, CNS depressant and antidiarrheal activity on mice and thrombolytic, antihelmentic, antimicrobial, antioxidant along with cytotoxicity different in vivo experiment. [4] The antidiarrheal activity of methanolic bark and fruits extract and its different fractions of Or...

The study was aimed to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of some losartan potassium tablets o... more The study was aimed to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of some losartan potassium tablets of different manufacturers marketed in Bangladesh using in vitro dissolution study. The dissolution was carried out using the apparatus II according to USP guidelines. Other general quality assessment tests like hardness, friability, disintegration time were also determined. All brands complied with the official specification for hardness, friability and disintegration time. The dissolution profiles showed inter brand and intra brand variability. All samples attained more than 85% dissolution within 30 minutes. The results were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the dissolution profiles. A model independent approach of similarity factor (f2) was employed. The data indicated that only two brands may be used interchangeably.

The samples of secondary packaging items (cartons, labels and package inserts) of 45 essential dr... more The samples of secondary packaging items (cartons, labels and package inserts) of 45 essential drug products used at Union health and family welfare center and Thana health complex level, that included 23 solid (tablet and capsule), 34 liquid (syrup, suspension, and injectables) and 4 semisolid (ointment and cream) preparations either manufactured in Bangladesh or imported by local distributing agencies, were thoroughly examined from April 30, 2005 to March 31, 2006 on the basis of 32 parameters which are usually regarded important for the labeling of any pharmaceutical preparation including essential drug products. Many of the products were available simultaneously as solid, liquid and topical (total 74 different) dosage forms and all dosage forms have been considered in this study. The secondary packaging items of a total of 58 pharmaceutical companies for 45 generics of essential drug products have been collected, sorted/arranged and meticulously studied, and packaging parameters...

New Insights into the Future of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

The discovery of a new drug usually takes 10-15 years. Within this time period, the candidate dru... more The discovery of a new drug usually takes 10-15 years. Within this time period, the candidate drug is thoroughly screened for its beneficial as well as side effects. But the side, adverse or toxic effects cannot be detected to a full scale due to some special reasons. The beneficial effects and toxicity of new drugs and vaccines are usually studied by “Clinical trials”, which are divided into four categories ranging from clinical trial phases I to IV. During clinical trial phase-III, about 4,000-10,000 patients are involved and after passing this phase, the drug is allowed to enter into the global market. Then, billions of people, including those who were excluded in phase-III, may be administered with this drug. It is worthy to mention that these 4,000-10,000 patients may not show many of the side effects or toxic actions. The undetected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are studied in clinical trial phase-IV, which is also known as post market surveillance. For this reason, the ADRs a...

Vaccines

Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Banglad... more Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Bangladesh to fight the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. As this vaccine had shown some side-effects in its clinical trial, we aimed to conduct a study assessing short-term adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on social and electronic media platforms by delivering an online questionnaire among people who had taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The collected data were then analysed to evaluate various parameters related to the AEFIs of the respondents. Results: A total of 626 responses were collected. Of these, 623 were selected based on complete answers and used for the analysis. Most of the respondents were between 30–60 years of age, and 40.4% were female. We found that a total of 8.5% of the total respondents had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our survey revealed that out of 623 volunteers, 317 repo...

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes chronic cognitive... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes chronic cognitive dysfunction. Most of the AD cases are late onset, and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoform is a key genetic risk factor. TheAPOEgene has 3 key alleles in humans includingAPOE2,APOE3, andAPOE4. Among them,APOE4is the most potent genetic risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD), whileAPOE2has a defensive effect. Research data suggest thatAPOE4leads to the pathogenesis of AD through various processes such as accelerated beta-amyloid aggregations that raised neurofibrillary tangle formation, cerebrovascular diseases, aggravated neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss. However, the precise mode of actions regarding in what wayAPOE4leads to AD pathology remains unclear. SinceAPOEcontributes to several pathological pathways of AD, targetingAPOE4might serve as a promising strategy for the development of novel drugs to combat AD. In this review, we focus on the recent studies aboutAPOE4-targeted therape...

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)

Herbal drugs are widely used in the primary health care system now-a-days and the use is increasi... more Herbal drugs are widely used in the primary health care system now-a-days and the use is increasing day by day. Thus extensive research to confirm the bioactivity of plant extract is very essential. The aim of this research was to determine the antitumor and cytotoxic actions of solvent-solvent partitioned fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and hydro-methanol) of the methanol extract of root of Tremaorientalis. The antitumor activity of different fractions of plant extract was evaluated by potatodisc bioassay method where Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to induce tumor on potato disc. On the other hand, the cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay technique. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant extract showed 35.51% and 62.89% inhibition of tumor formation in potato disc bioassay method at 50 µg/disc and 100 µg/disc respectively. The hydro-methanol extract showed 37.51% inhibition of tumor formation at 100 µg/disc while at 50 µg/disc no significant inh...

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

The increased prices and low availability of medicines are main obstacles to health care system i... more The increased prices and low availability of medicines are main obstacles to health care system in developing countries like Bangladesh. The main goal of this work is to gather and assessing the data on availability, affordability and price variations of essential antibiotics in Bangladesh. The data will help to improve the availability and affordability of essential antibiotics for the mass peoples. The present work was done using standard methodology described in guideline, “Price measurement, availability and affordability and price components of medicines. A total of eighteen essential antibiotics were surveyed and their prices and availability were determined. Prices from 2003 to 2019 were collected from different sources to make a comparative study of the price variations over the years. The overall prices of essential antibiotics are not much higher than international reference prices. The rate of increase of price from previous years is not so alarming. The numbers of manufa...

Journal of Psychiatry

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by chronic cannabis use, recurrent episod... more Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by chronic cannabis use, recurrent episodes of intractable nausea and vomiting, frequent hot bathing and abdominal pain [1]. The syndrome was first described by Allen et al. [2], and later Sontineni et al. [3] who proposed abridged clinical diagnostic criteria. Simonetto et al. by appraising all PubMed indexed journals with case reports and case series on CHS, reported a case series of 98 patients [4]. This study confirmed the previously stated outcomes. The researchers avowed that CHS should be measured in younger patients with chronic cannabis use and repeated nausea, vomiting, as well as pain in the abdominal. Amid illicit drug, cannabis is the utmost typically used this drug in the world [5].

Neurotoxicity Research

Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. ... more Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. Activation of the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and small GTPases by inflammatory signals may cause vascular permeability and endothelial leakage. Pro-inflammatory molecules have a significant effect on smooth muscle cells (SMC). The migration and proliferation of SMC can be promoted by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α can also increase oxidative stress in SMCs, which has been identified to persuade DNA damage resulting in apoptosis and cellular senescence. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play key roles in a wide range of biological processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation, bone formation, cell metabolism, tissue remodeling, insulin sensitivity, and eicosanoid signaling. The PPARγ activation regulates inflammatory responses, which can exert protective effects in the vasculature. In addition, loss of function of PPARγ enhances cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis in the vascular endothelium. This appraisal, therefore, discusses the critical linkage of PPARγ in the inflammatory process and highlights a crucial defensive role for endothelial PPARγ in vascular dysfunction and disease, as well as therapy for vascular aging.

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 8(1): 1-18, 2016; Article no.INDJ.26317 , 2016

Medicine is one of the outstanding gifts of science to save lives. In addition to the desired the... more Medicine is one of the outstanding gifts of science to save lives. In addition to the desired therapeutic effect almost all of the medicine possesses the undesired secondary effect called side effect. From the over-the-counter (OTC) aspirin to the prescription medicine on the market, all medicines come with side effects. Numerous are negligible, few are problematic, some are major and certain are just weird. Almost any drug can cause nausea, vomiting or an upset stomach. Every medication carries some risks, although in some cases side effects are not noticeable as a result of

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 7(2): 1-9, , 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic disease and plant derived products are used to combat this deadly disease... more Diabetes is a metabolic disease and plant derived products are used to combat this deadly disease. Plant is a diverse source of numerous therapeutic compounds which can be used to ameliorate diabetes. Leaves of Coccinia grandis (L.) (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is one of the leafy vegetable that is used for this purpose traditionally. It has been used against diabetes for a very long time. Our aims were to identify the hypoglycemic effect of extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis as well as to determine its safety profile so that we could use the plant material to improve the diabetic condition. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/Kg bodyweight and ethanolic extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis was fed to the rats at a dose of 750 mg/kg. We measured blood glucose level, and safety profile by measuring SGOT, SGPT and creatinine level on diabetic and non-diabetic rats before and after administration of the extract. After measuring blood glucose level, it was found that the hypoglycemic efficacy was comparable to that of metformin (p> 0.05) which was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Safety profile were investigated by checking SGOT, SGPT and creatinine level. It was seen that both metformin and leaf extract of Coccinia grandis improved the pathological condition induced by diabetes. Furthermore, in healthy individual rats both metformin and leaf extract of Coccinia grandis did not significantly alter the normal physiological state. It might, therefore, be inferred that the extract of leaves of Coccinia grandis could be used as a good alternative therapy to treat diabetes.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2022, Article ID 9095504, 18 pages , 2022

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for ne... more Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for new antidiabetic remedies has become an impressive territory for life science researchers. Gynura procumbens has long been used to treat diabetes. us, we strived to ascertain the hypoglycemic potentiality of extract of leaves of G. procumbens by in vivo and in silico approaches. Methods. Fresh leaves of G. procumbens were collected and shade-dried to prepare ethanolic extracts to evaluate pharmacological parameters. Diabetes was induced in rats via injecting alloxan through the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Humalyzer 3000 was used to perform a biochemical assay of collected samples from rats. Anti-hyperglycemic activity study along with overdose toxicity test was performed. e pharmacological activity of this plant was also evaluated through a molecular docking study. is in silico study investigated the binding affinity of natural ligands from G. procumbens against glycoside hydrolase enzymes. Results. We detected a peak plasma concentration of G. procumbens at 3 hours 45 minutes that is roughly similar to the peak plasma concentration of metformin. Again, in OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic tests, it has been ascertained that both plant extract and metformin can exert significant (P < 0.05) and highly significant (P < 0.01) hypoglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin exhibited better therapeutic efficacy than that of plant extract, but it possessed null statistical significance. Also, our safety profile expressed that, similar to metformin, the plant extract can restore the disturbed pathological state in a dose-oriented approach with a wide safety margin. In silico study also validated the potentialities of natural constituents of G. procumbens. Conclusion. is study suggested that G. procumbens can be considered as potential antidiabetic plant. Robust and meticulous investigation regarding plant chemistry and pharmacology in the future may bring about a new dimension that will aid in discovering antidiabetic drugs from this plant in the diabetes management system.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 3(22) 2013, 1-5., 2013

The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducibl... more The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and cost effective UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of cefixime trihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The solvent used throughout the experiment was the mixer of methanol and water. Absorption maximum (λ max) of the drug was found to be 287 nm. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out at 287 nm and Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 2-20µg/mL. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having line equation y = 0.025x + 0.078 with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The recovery values for cefixime trihydrate ranged from 99.57%-100.86%. The relative standard deviation of six replicates of assay was less than 2%. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD%) of interday precision range was 0.059-0.546 % and intraday precision range was 0.102-0.299%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.053 µg/mL and 0.159 µg/mL. The percent relative standard deviation of robustness and ruggedness of the method was 0.258-0.365%. Hence, proposed method was precise, accurate and cost effective. This method could be applicable for quantitative determination of the bulk drug as well as dosage formulation.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 77-81, 2013

Bangladesh and they possess remarkable antidiabetic activities. The main purpose of this project ... more Bangladesh and they possess remarkable antidiabetic activities. The main purpose of this project was to find out the new antidiabetic compound(s) from plants available in our locality. As such an attempt has been made to isolate the antidiabetic compounds from the kernel of mango. Solvent extractions followed by column and thin layer chromatographic techniques were used to purify the compounds. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the purified compounds which might have antidiabetic property.

Background: The study of the interaction of a drug with plasma protein is very important because ... more Background: The study of the interaction of a drug with plasma protein is very important because drug-protein binding plays an important role in determination of pharmacological and toxicological properties of drugs. Our study was designed to investigate the interaction between aceclofenac and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using fluorescence spectroscopy at different temperatures (298 and 308 K). Methods: Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to carry out the study. Fluorescence quenching constant was determined from Stern-Volmer equation. Van't Hoff equation was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS). Results: The experimental data showed that the quenching of BSA by aceclofenac was due to a formation of a BSA-aceclofenac complex with probable involvement of both tryptophan and tyrosine residues of BSA. Dynamic quenching was shown for BSA by aceclofenac at the experimental conditions. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the hydrophobic forces played major roles for BSA-aceclofenac complexation. The binding number (n) was found to be ≈1 indicating that 1 mol of BSA bound with 1 mol of aceclofenac. The binding affinity of aceclofenac to BSA was calculated at different temperatures. It was shown that the binding constant decreased with increasing temperatures indicating that stability of the BSA-aceclofenac complex decreased with increasing temperatures. Conclusions: The interaction of aceclofenac with BSA was successfully explored using a fluorescence spectroscopic technique.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with caffeine is a combination medicine indicated for the temporary r... more Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with caffeine is a combination medicine indicated for the temporary relief of pain and discomfort associated with a number of conditions such as headache or muscle pain. There is a controversy going on this combination concerning their safety in patients, since 1 year later of their introduction in 1950. Paracetamol is a first-line therapy of choice in adults and children with fever and pain. Caffeine is used in this product to increase the pain relieving effects of paracetamol. Paracetamol has a narrow safety margin and there are number of risks associated with paracetamol. It is only safe and effective when used according to directions on OTC (Over-The-Counter) and R x labeling. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) drug safety communication state that prescription paracetamol products to be limited to 325 mg per tablet, capsule, or other dosage unit, making these products safer for patients. Chronic or excessive administration of

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for ne... more Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most notable health dilemmas. Analyzing plants for new antidiabetic remedies has become an
impressive territory for life science researchers. Gynura procumbens has long been used to treat diabetes. ,us, we strived to ascertain the
hypoglycemic potentiality of extract of leaves of G. procumbens by in vivo and in silico approaches.
Methods. Fresh leaves of G. procumbens were collected and shade-dried to prepare ethanolic extracts to evaluate pharmacological parameters. Diabetes was induced in rats via injecting alloxan through the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Humalyzer 3000 was used to perform a biochemical assay of collected samples from rats. Anti-hyperglycemic activity study along with overdose toxicity test was
performed. ,e pharmacological activity of this plant was also evaluated through a molecular docking study. , is in silico study investigated the binding affinity of natural ligands from G. procumbens against glycoside hydrolase enzymes.
Results. We detected a peak plasma concentration of G. procumbens at 3 hours 45 minutes that is roughly similar to the peak plasma concentration of metformin.
Again, in OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic tests, it has been ascertained that both plant extract and metformin can exert significant
(P < 0.05) and highly significant (P < 0.01) hypoglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin exhibited better therapeutic
efficacy than that of plant extract, but it possessed null statistical significance. Also, our safety profile expressed that, similar to metformin,
the plant extract can restore the disturbed pathological state in a dose-oriented approach with a wide safety margin. In silico study also
validated the potentialities of natural constituents of G. procumbens. Conclusion. ,is study suggested that G. procumbens can be
considered as potential antidiabetic plant. Robust and meticulous investigation regarding plant chemistry and pharmacology in the future
may bring about a new dimension that will aid in discovering antidiabetic drugs from this plant in the diabetes management system.

PLOS ONE, 2023

Abstract Introduction The liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, performs a wide ... more Abstract
Introduction
The liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, performs a wide variety of vital
functions. Hepatic cell injury occurs by the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that
are generated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), xenobiotics, and other toxic substances
through cytochrome P450-dependent steps resulting from the covalent bond formation with
lipoproteins and nucleic acids. Observing the urgent state of hepatotoxic patients worldwide,
different medicinal plants and their properties can be explored to combat such free radical
damage to the liver. In vivo and in silico studies were designed and conducted to evaluate
the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Gynura procumbens in rats.
Materials and methods
Gynura procumbens leaves were collected and extracted using 70% ethanol. The required
chemicals CCl4, standard drug (silymarin), and blood serum analysis kits were stocked. The
in vivo tests were performed in 140 healthy Wister albino rats of either sex under well-controlled parameters divided into 14 groups, strictly maintaining Institutional Animal Ethics
Committee (IEAC) protocols. For the histopathology study, 10% buffered neutral formalin
was used for organ preservation. Later the specimens were studied under a fluorescence
microscope. In silico molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed, and the results were analyzed statistically.Results and discussion
Gynura procumbens partially negate the deleterious effect of carbon tetrachloride on normal
weight gain in rats. The elevated level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT),
serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, LDH, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation ranges, gamma-glutamyl
transferase (γ-GT) in CCl4 treated groups were decreased by both standard drug silymarin
and G. procumbens leaf extract. We have found significant & highly significant changes statistically for different doses, here p<0.05 & p<0.01, respectively. On the other hand, G. procumbens and silymarin displayed Statistically significant (p<0.05) and high significant
(p<0.01) increased levels of HDL, CAT SOD (here p<0.05 & p<0.01 for different doses)
when the treatment groups were compared with the disease control group. Because the
therapeutic activity imparted by plants and drugs accelerates the movement of the disturbed
pathophysiological state toward the healthy state. In the molecular docking analysis, G. procumbens phytoconstituents performed poorly against transforming growth factor-beta 1
(TGF-β1) compared to the control drug silymarin. In contrast, 26 phytoconstituents scored
better than the control bezafibrate against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
(PPAR-α). The top scoring compounds for both macromolecules were observed to form stable complexes in the molecular dynamics simulations. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
performed better than other constituents in providing hepatoprotective activity. It can, thus,
be inferred that the extract of G. procumbens showed good hepatoprotective properties in
rats.

Abnormal passage of liquid or unformed stool at an increased frequency is termed as diarrhea: Inf... more Abnormal passage of liquid or unformed stool at an increased frequency is termed as diarrhea: Infectious agents, certain medications, plant and animal toxins, gastrointestinal disorders, and substances that enhance gastrointestinal tract secretions are may be the triggers of diarrhea [1]. In recent times, medicinal plants occupy a considerable position for being the paramount sources of drug discovery irrespective of its categorized groups- herb, shrub or tree [2]. Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent is widely used in Ayurvedic system of medicine [3]. The crude methanolic extract of Oroxylum indicum bark and fruits with different soluble partitionates were subjected to investigate for the evaluation of analgesic, hypoglycemic, CNS depressant and antidiarrheal activity on mice and thrombolytic, antihelmentic, antimicrobial, antioxidant along with cytotoxicity different in vivo experiment. [4] The antidiarrheal activity of methanolic bark and fruits extract and its different fractions of Or...

The study was aimed to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of some losartan potassium tablets o... more The study was aimed to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of some losartan potassium tablets of different manufacturers marketed in Bangladesh using in vitro dissolution study. The dissolution was carried out using the apparatus II according to USP guidelines. Other general quality assessment tests like hardness, friability, disintegration time were also determined. All brands complied with the official specification for hardness, friability and disintegration time. The dissolution profiles showed inter brand and intra brand variability. All samples attained more than 85% dissolution within 30 minutes. The results were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the dissolution profiles. A model independent approach of similarity factor (f2) was employed. The data indicated that only two brands may be used interchangeably.

The samples of secondary packaging items (cartons, labels and package inserts) of 45 essential dr... more The samples of secondary packaging items (cartons, labels and package inserts) of 45 essential drug products used at Union health and family welfare center and Thana health complex level, that included 23 solid (tablet and capsule), 34 liquid (syrup, suspension, and injectables) and 4 semisolid (ointment and cream) preparations either manufactured in Bangladesh or imported by local distributing agencies, were thoroughly examined from April 30, 2005 to March 31, 2006 on the basis of 32 parameters which are usually regarded important for the labeling of any pharmaceutical preparation including essential drug products. Many of the products were available simultaneously as solid, liquid and topical (total 74 different) dosage forms and all dosage forms have been considered in this study. The secondary packaging items of a total of 58 pharmaceutical companies for 45 generics of essential drug products have been collected, sorted/arranged and meticulously studied, and packaging parameters...

New Insights into the Future of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

The discovery of a new drug usually takes 10-15 years. Within this time period, the candidate dru... more The discovery of a new drug usually takes 10-15 years. Within this time period, the candidate drug is thoroughly screened for its beneficial as well as side effects. But the side, adverse or toxic effects cannot be detected to a full scale due to some special reasons. The beneficial effects and toxicity of new drugs and vaccines are usually studied by “Clinical trials”, which are divided into four categories ranging from clinical trial phases I to IV. During clinical trial phase-III, about 4,000-10,000 patients are involved and after passing this phase, the drug is allowed to enter into the global market. Then, billions of people, including those who were excluded in phase-III, may be administered with this drug. It is worthy to mention that these 4,000-10,000 patients may not show many of the side effects or toxic actions. The undetected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are studied in clinical trial phase-IV, which is also known as post market surveillance. For this reason, the ADRs a...

Vaccines

Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Banglad... more Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Bangladesh to fight the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. As this vaccine had shown some side-effects in its clinical trial, we aimed to conduct a study assessing short-term adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on social and electronic media platforms by delivering an online questionnaire among people who had taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The collected data were then analysed to evaluate various parameters related to the AEFIs of the respondents. Results: A total of 626 responses were collected. Of these, 623 were selected based on complete answers and used for the analysis. Most of the respondents were between 30–60 years of age, and 40.4% were female. We found that a total of 8.5% of the total respondents had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our survey revealed that out of 623 volunteers, 317 repo...

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes chronic cognitive... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes chronic cognitive dysfunction. Most of the AD cases are late onset, and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoform is a key genetic risk factor. TheAPOEgene has 3 key alleles in humans includingAPOE2,APOE3, andAPOE4. Among them,APOE4is the most potent genetic risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD), whileAPOE2has a defensive effect. Research data suggest thatAPOE4leads to the pathogenesis of AD through various processes such as accelerated beta-amyloid aggregations that raised neurofibrillary tangle formation, cerebrovascular diseases, aggravated neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss. However, the precise mode of actions regarding in what wayAPOE4leads to AD pathology remains unclear. SinceAPOEcontributes to several pathological pathways of AD, targetingAPOE4might serve as a promising strategy for the development of novel drugs to combat AD. In this review, we focus on the recent studies aboutAPOE4-targeted therape...

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)

Herbal drugs are widely used in the primary health care system now-a-days and the use is increasi... more Herbal drugs are widely used in the primary health care system now-a-days and the use is increasing day by day. Thus extensive research to confirm the bioactivity of plant extract is very essential. The aim of this research was to determine the antitumor and cytotoxic actions of solvent-solvent partitioned fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and hydro-methanol) of the methanol extract of root of Tremaorientalis. The antitumor activity of different fractions of plant extract was evaluated by potatodisc bioassay method where Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to induce tumor on potato disc. On the other hand, the cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay technique. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant extract showed 35.51% and 62.89% inhibition of tumor formation in potato disc bioassay method at 50 µg/disc and 100 µg/disc respectively. The hydro-methanol extract showed 37.51% inhibition of tumor formation at 100 µg/disc while at 50 µg/disc no significant inh...

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

The increased prices and low availability of medicines are main obstacles to health care system i... more The increased prices and low availability of medicines are main obstacles to health care system in developing countries like Bangladesh. The main goal of this work is to gather and assessing the data on availability, affordability and price variations of essential antibiotics in Bangladesh. The data will help to improve the availability and affordability of essential antibiotics for the mass peoples. The present work was done using standard methodology described in guideline, “Price measurement, availability and affordability and price components of medicines. A total of eighteen essential antibiotics were surveyed and their prices and availability were determined. Prices from 2003 to 2019 were collected from different sources to make a comparative study of the price variations over the years. The overall prices of essential antibiotics are not much higher than international reference prices. The rate of increase of price from previous years is not so alarming. The numbers of manufa...

Journal of Psychiatry

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by chronic cannabis use, recurrent episod... more Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by chronic cannabis use, recurrent episodes of intractable nausea and vomiting, frequent hot bathing and abdominal pain [1]. The syndrome was first described by Allen et al. [2], and later Sontineni et al. [3] who proposed abridged clinical diagnostic criteria. Simonetto et al. by appraising all PubMed indexed journals with case reports and case series on CHS, reported a case series of 98 patients [4]. This study confirmed the previously stated outcomes. The researchers avowed that CHS should be measured in younger patients with chronic cannabis use and repeated nausea, vomiting, as well as pain in the abdominal. Amid illicit drug, cannabis is the utmost typically used this drug in the world [5].

Neurotoxicity Research

Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. ... more Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. Activation of the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and small GTPases by inflammatory signals may cause vascular permeability and endothelial leakage. Pro-inflammatory molecules have a significant effect on smooth muscle cells (SMC). The migration and proliferation of SMC can be promoted by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α can also increase oxidative stress in SMCs, which has been identified to persuade DNA damage resulting in apoptosis and cellular senescence. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play key roles in a wide range of biological processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation, bone formation, cell metabolism, tissue remodeling, insulin sensitivity, and eicosanoid signaling. The PPARγ activation regulates inflammatory responses, which can exert protective effects in the vasculature. In addition, loss of function of PPARγ enhances cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis in the vascular endothelium. This appraisal, therefore, discusses the critical linkage of PPARγ in the inflammatory process and highlights a crucial defensive role for endothelial PPARγ in vascular dysfunction and disease, as well as therapy for vascular aging.