Silvia Cacciatore | Università Ca' Foscari Venezia (original) (raw)
Papers by Silvia Cacciatore
Following the development of global artistic interventions in organisations that have highlighted... more Following the development of global artistic interventions in organisations that have highlighted the critical role of leadership, particularly in highly structured work contexts, in guiding the team to achieve various types of results (strengthening the group, stimulating cohesion, acquiring artistic skills, recreational activities, and so on), this article proposes a synthesis of the art & business models theorised in a recent article published in the Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy in 2021.
This synthesis focuses on the processes driven by inspired leadership at the individual level, emphasising its critical role in the activation of art-based (AB) methods in the organisational setting. The basic assumptions of the 2021 model were primarily focused on three theoretical frameworks concerning art-based interventions in the company (The art-in-business matrix, Darsø & Davids, 2002; the arts value map, Schiuma 2011, and the Comunian framework, 2010), which proved to be most consistent with the field experiments in Italy from 2016 to date (Maclab and aiku center, Ca' Foscari University).
In this study, we propose incorporating such frameworks into a structure to emphasise the key results of art-based cooperation and how leadership plays a critical role in their success.
During the discussion, we will examine several artistic interventions carried out in companies from various industrial sectors but primarily related to craftsmanship, highlighting, in a summary model of the results, how the components underlying the art-based approach within organisations can influence and be influenced by leadership-oriented organisational factors.
Keywords: artistic interventions in organisations, organisational creativity, leadership.
The article explores how the art-based (AB) approach may be applied to social research, as well a... more The article explores how the art-based (AB) approach may be applied to social research, as well as its methodology and practical concerns that have emerged from the primary literature that has investigated the phenomena over the years. Many studies have been conducted on the subject, but few of them go into detail on how to evaluate art-based research (ABR) in terms of outcomes and empirical evidence, how to duplicate its approach, and, most significantly, how to adapt it to organisational contexts. Some contemporary research attempt to engrave the advantages of the arts by defining models and, in part, by comparing creative work with craft.
The paper emphasises the fine line between art and craftsmanship and the role of the latter as a way of technical use of materials by artists doing research within organisational contexts by using four case studies from two different European projects (the Interreg Italy-Slovenia DIVA project and the Horizon EU HEPHAESTUS project, which is still in progress).
This work highlights craft as a practice of study and transfer of art-based approaches in organisations, combining technique and creative resource utilization.
Socio-Cultural Management Journal
Introduction. Recent studies consider creativity as a source of innovation for companies but have... more Introduction. Recent studies consider creativity as a source of innovation for companies but have not yet clarified the key role that it plays concerning management and the underlying organisational processes. Recent studies also provide a foundation for a direct link between creativity, leadership, and corporate innovation. Purpose and methods. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of creativity within the corporate context and stimulate an understanding of the dynamics underlying leadership as a hub for innovative ideas and proposals dissemination in organisations. The scientific research methodology is developed through the theoretical investigation of the theme of creativity with innovation and how it can pervade the organisational sphere through the leadership development. Results. The analysis of the main theoretical models allows us to identify strong dynamic connections between creativity, business innovation, and leadership and to develop and...
Creative Industries Journal , 2022
What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic va... more What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic value and, at the same time, cultural value through the definition of a sector that seems to have no fixed borders? This paper intends to open up a reflection on the boundaries of the cultural industry, the nature of the chosen business and how the sector can become the hub in the dynamics of local development, innovation and competitiveness within the territory of reference. The concentric circles model will be the basis for a strategic mapping of the cultural and creative sector, realized starting from the funding calls for the sector in the Italian Veneto region. The Throsby’s model is derived from the principle that cultural content is free from incorporating creative ideas into the production of goods, and that such ideas arise from the primary arts (music, theatre, dance, visual arts and literature). These make up the heart of the cultural industries, while the surrounding circles represent the ideas and influences that these creative activities radiate. The results of the strategic mapping will be put into dialogue with a new idea of entrepreneurship, which in part excludes the Core creative arts, i.e. the primary arts.
Keywords: Cultural and creative industries, , mapping, management of art, text mining, entrepreneurship, competitiveness.
Creative Industries Journal, 2021
The article explores cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs. To enable such innovation, the DIVA ... more The article explores cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs. To enable such innovation, the DIVA project developed a set of tools and methods, based on an analysis of field-specific stakeholder requirements. By looking at specific cases of interaction between designers and artists on one side and business firms on the other, also leaning on the Cross Innovation project and considering a wide range of secondary research, the article captures both the existing mechanisms, as well as detects tacit potentials and new possibilities for deep cross-fertilization. Based on a theoretical reference framework presented in the first part of the article, the findings of a multi-stakeholder SWOT analysis carried out by the DIVA project indicate new innovative paradigms brought about by introducing art thinking next to the predominant paradigm of design thinking within traditional industry realms. Upon the empirical evidence of analyzed cooperation potentials, a Europe-wide selection of good practice cases and through focused interviews, the article digests a set of business-needs transformations that call for a profound cross-fertilization between art and entrepreneurship. These evidence-based guidelines present the potential of a new ‘innovation catalyst’ profile who facilitates the shift from unintentional spillovers to art-thinking based crossovers.
Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy, 2021
This article aims to identify theoretical profiles and empirical evidence that have guided, in re... more This article aims to identify theoretical profiles and empirical evidence that have guided, in recent years, the study of artistic interventions in organizations. Based on 24 case studies carried out by the MacLab (Laboratory for the management of arts and cultures) of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, and interviews conducted with the protagonists, artists, and companies of these interactions, we have identified art-based models capable of defining how collaboration between art and companies could take place. These theoretical models are compared with the case studies previously explored in order to analyze the impact of and the way in which the arts create a relationship with the corporate sphere. Finally, potential lines of research are outlined that could be useful to define optimal methods of collaboration between the art and business sectors, to strengthen interactions between both, and to ensure an impact on the medium to long-term development of both parties involved.
XXXIX CONFERENZA ITALIANA DI SCIENZE REGIONALI, 2018
SOMMARIO Viene spesso ribadita la centralità dell'impresa culturale e creativa e la sua rilevanza... more SOMMARIO Viene spesso ribadita la centralità dell'impresa culturale e creativa e la sua rilevanza anche in termini economici ma la sua stessa natura appare difficilmente osservabile per la mancanza di un'immagine compiutamente definita e condivisa. Come distinguere ciò che è creativo da ciò che è culturale? Come misurare in modo consono l'impatto economico generato se non tutta la cultura si configura con una forma d'impresa? La natura del settore non-profit non consente la generazione di utili e la struttura imprenditoriale, capace di generare importanti risorse, risulta ancora troppo costosa e di difficile attuazione per chi la Cultura la fa in prima persona. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di fornire un'immagine istantanea e il più possibile veritiera del settore culturale e creativo che, oggi, nella Regione Veneto, affronta nuove sfide per crescere ed innovare.
Economia della Cultura, 2018
The very idea of cultural capital (Throsby, 2001) confronts us with the complex identity, at the ... more The very idea of cultural capital (Throsby, 2001) confronts us with the complex identity, at the same time tangible and intangible, of production processes that can be activated by resources that are generally classified as "cultural". Cultural value can become economic value if the intangible resources, that a historical-artistic asset holds, become the bearers of values and benefits for individuals and society. Managing its assets efficiently also means generating a positive socioeconomic impact on the development of the territories (Santagata, 2009); but expanding the demand and organizing the cultural offer in a targeted manner requires a pertinent and adequate analysis of the contemporary cultural consumer (Trimarchi, 2005). The present research arises from need to broaden the studies on the cultural audience in Italy, in order to convey, to the quantitative analysis, appropriate tools for "self-cultivation". The aim is not only to stimulate the territorial economies through the construction of new knowledge hubs around our state museums, but also and above all to highlight the importance of that "baggage of preferences" that every visitor brings with him and which constitutes, not only the origin of his choices, but a trace of that emotionality able to positively influence his enjoyment of artwork.
In a country where cultural participation generates alarming negative numbers (in 2015, 68.3% of ... more In a country where cultural participation generates alarming negative numbers (in 2015, 68.3% of the Italian population has never entered a museum 1), it becomes crucial to understand the new public and study suitable strategies for a cultural proposal able to better reflect their interests. A statistical analysis of the most recent data allows you to verify the variables that most influence the high number of Italian state museums' visitors, to identify any critical issues and to undertake the development of artistic projects and economic plans for the improvement of the cultural offer. It would be desirable, also, the creation of a demand which is a result of better accessibility and cultural participation, even by an audience less educated and well-off.
Le imprese culturali e creative in Italia sono circa 413.752 e riescono, da sole, a generare un v... more Le imprese culturali e creative in Italia sono circa 413.752 e riescono, da sole, a generare un valore aggiunto di 89,9 miliardi di euro, occupando 1.495.000 persone. Dopo che l'Unesco, proprio in questi giorni, ha aggiunto altri siti italiani nella lista del Patrimonio dell'Umanità, portando a 53 i luoghi simbolo sul nostro territorio (l'Italia si situa quindi al primo posto, seguita da Cina, Spagna, Francia e Germania), occuparsi di politiche pubbliche in grado, non solo di tutelare, ma di valorizzare le nostre inestimabili ricchezze culturali, rappresenta una priorità, soprattutto in relazione allo sviluppo di una fruizione sempre più ampia che investa le generazioni presenti e quelle future. L'esperienza di Federculture dimostra che tale processo si può innescare, a condizione che si crei una consapevole governance multilivello, in grado di promuovere una gestione integrata, innovativa e sostenibile delle risorse identitarie dei territori, per una nuova qualità dello sviluppo a base culturale.
Culture Future, 2020
C'era una volta un teatro. Un teatro che emozionava, che sapeva parlare al pubblico, che era insi... more C'era una volta un teatro. Un teatro che emozionava, che sapeva parlare al pubblico, che era insieme linguaggio e sacra rappresentazione, parade di nobili e luogo d'incontro della società, spazio di vita e di speranze, di metanarrazione (da Cervantes a Pirandello) e sperimentazione, in cui tutto, o quasi, sembrava possibile. Un teatro in cui fare ricerca significava, soprattutto a partire dagli anni '70, confrontarsi con il Teatro della Morte di Kantor o con l'idea di povertà di un Grotowski che ora sembra dimenticato. Non c'importa di un teatro dei lumi in cui 'ogni cosa è illuminata' e in cui la libertà diviene sinonimo di insensatezza dell'essere: il nostro 'vecchio secolo' si è aperto con le Avanguardie mentre il nuovo Millennio si affaccia sprovveduto alla televisione e ai suoi luccichii dorati. La scatola nera di un universo magico crolla sotto al peso di una terza parete che, da Appia a Brecht, era stata sfondata a ragione ma che ora, ahimè, diviene un ostacolo insormontabile. Il teatro non può mostrare oggi che il nostro vero volto, fatto di una realtà che, al contrario del readymade, non ha più alcuna suggestione o magia. «Ecco l'angoscia umana in cui lo spettatore dovrà trovarsi uscendo dal nostro teatro. Egli sarà scosso e sconvolto dal dinamismo interno dello spettacolo che si svolgerà sotto i suoi occhi. E tale dinamismo sarà in diretta relazione con le angosce e le preoccupazioni di tutta la sua vita. Tale è la fatalità che noi evochiamo, e lo spettacolo sarà questa stessa fatalità. L'illusione che cerchiamo di suscitare non si fonderà sulla maggiore o minore verosimiglianza dell'azione, ma sulla forza comunicativa e la realtà di questa azione. Ogni spettacolo diventerà in questo modo una sorta di avvenimento. Bisogna che lo spettatore abbia la sensazione che davanti a lui si rappresenta una scena della sua stessa esistenza, una scena veramente capitale. Chiediamo insomma al nostro pubblico un'adesione intima e profonda. La discrezione non fa per noi. Ad ogni allestimento di spettacolo è per noi in gioco una partita grave. Se non saremo decisi a portare fino alle ultime conseguenze i nostri principi, penseremo che non varrà la pena di giocare la partita. Lo spettatore che viene da noi saprà di venire a sottoporsi ad una vera e propria operazione, dove non solo è in gioco il suo spirito, ma i suoi sensi e la sua carne. Se non fossimo persuasi di colpirlo il più gravemente possibile, ci riterremmo impari al nostro compito più assoluto 1 ».
Culture Future, 2020
Spesso si crede che la fruizione dell'opera d'arte avvenga in modo diretto e non mediato e che si... more Spesso si crede che la fruizione dell'opera d'arte avvenga in modo diretto e non mediato e che si possa restare in piedi dinanzi ad un quadro come si sfoglia una rivista alla fermata del tram. Non è così. Gli stessi artisti, da sempre, giocano con lo sguardo: dal trompe-l'oeil ai virtuosismi barocchi, dalle vedute veneziane del Settecento all'Optical Art. È lo stesso linguaggio artistico che si basa sull'interscambio opera-spettatore. Così come Rembrandt 1 fissava non visto chiunque ammirasse le sue opere tramite gli occhi dei suoi personaggi dipinti, parti di una trama romanzata che altrimenti non avrebbe avuto luogo, così ogni artista sente davanti a sé gli occhi del pubblico ed è abituato ad agire, a pensare, ad immaginare e costruire la propria opera con questo sguardo addosso. I colori, le forme, la metodologia della ricerca artistica diventano un gioco, una provocazione, una trappola, in cui avvolgere e coinvolgere lo spettatore per poi includerlo in maniera completa nel fare, nell'essere dell'opera medesima. Lo stesso processo artistico vive della presenza dello spettatore e su essa si fonda: senza questa corrispondenza biunivoca non esisterebbe Arte. Dall'altro lato, lo sguardo non deve restare filtro di una visione 'pura' ma inscriversi all'interno di una cultura «che non è soltanto visiva» 2. L'apprendimento legato alla percezione, infatti, è in grado di creare una trama invisibile che permette alla comunicazione artistica di divenire soprattutto comprensione. La sensibilità di chi guarda è il primo passo per rompere le barriere del corpo, della mente, del nostro configurarci quali 'esseri sociali' inscritti in una situazione, in un luogo, in un tempo, per aprirci alle emozioni, per entrare nell'opera d'arte ed ascoltarla, viverla, comprenderla.
Drafts by Silvia Cacciatore
The primary objective of this paper is to examine, both theoretically and empirically, two distin... more The primary objective of this paper is to examine, both theoretically and empirically, two distinct approaches through which artistic research intersects with academia. This examination is undertaken to critically evaluate the paradigmatic tensions arising from the juxtaposition of unfettered artistic exploration and the escalating pressures for demonstrable outcomes, accountability, and process transparency inherent in managerial contexts. Consequently, the theoretical underpinnings of artistic interventions within organizational settings will be explicated, emphasizing the academic community's exploration and application of such modes of artistic inquiry. Conversely, the methodology of art-based research will be delineated, emphasizing its utilization of artistic modalities to investigate phenomena through a scientific lens. Moreover, prominent theories positing academic research as constraining artistic experimentation will be outlined. Finally, drawing upon three case studies conducted within academic environments, a novel methodology will be proposed to mitigate the encroachment of increasingly institutionalized approaches towards the arts.
Starting from a systemic conception of the company and the typically managerial role of integrati... more Starting from a systemic conception of the company and the typically managerial role of integration and coordination of corporate functions, we will investigate the theme of leadership connected to the concept of creativity in particular.
If Barnard already identified in the latter a key feature to strengthen the weight of the managerial functions and orient them innovatively, Homans saw in the creative abilities of the fundamental binder, together with feelings and activities, of those structured interactions at the base of every company organization.
In recent times, Amabile's work has been of particular relevance for the construction of a model capable of highlighting the role of creativity in the construction of organizational innovation. Furthermore, his theory of organizational creativity is the only one to specify and directly relate the general characteristics of the behavior of leaders who contribute to the development of creativity in the workplace.
The present work, therefore, proposes to present a state-of-the-art concerning the link between creativity and leadership, through an analysis of the literature from the first managerial theories on the matter up to those of more recent times, to highlight perspectives and development scenarios both at a theoretical and empirical level. In particular, the increasingly important role of the arts in increasing the innovative scope of business strategies capable of transforming corporate performance, starting from a renewal of the organizational culture, will be emphasized.
This article systematizes the results from two projects funded by the Veneto region in support of... more This article systematizes the results from two projects funded by the Veneto region in support of Performing Art Organizations (PAOs) following the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out using a methodological approach that involved in-depth interviews, the setting of a SWOT Analysis, the examination of the business model, and data relating to turnover, production, cost, and revenue structure. Those organizations that have achieved consecration in the cultural field over time have achieved the greatest strengths in the strategic areas of their business model, investing energy and seizing the right opportunities. Those PAOs that have suffered most from the impact of the pandemic crisis have undertaken two different trajectories: sometimes, they could not identify their weaknesses and have entered an economic deficit, in other cases, they have undertaken a path of transformation away from merged organizational dynamics. The main implications in the field concern the motivation and the methods underlying the different creative trajectories: they do not originate primarily from an artistic vocation but result from a repositioning of one’s business model in a competitive key, as a reflection of a profound change in the audience and fruition mode, in society and the economic system.
Research topic
After examining the theoretical context of reference, which for years has devoted ample space to ... more After examining the theoretical context of reference, which for years has devoted ample space to research on the relationship between art and business organizations, the article explores results from the observation of 21 real case studies of collaboration between artists and companies, which took place in the last 5 years in the Veneto region, Italy.
The aim will be outlines, in a completely experimental way, a model of cooperation able to illustrate the internal steps of collaboration between the artistic and entrepreneurial spheres and to understand how art is able to transfer cultural value to business.
The article will examine the theoretical reference framework within which the collaborations betw... more The article will examine the theoretical reference framework within which the collaborations between art and business have developed in recent years and will try to trace the elements useful for the construction of a reference methodology for an art-based collaboration model, said a model that, from theoretical and empirical research, allows to replicate the innovative content in primary arts in the whole context of CCIs in their collaboration with traditional industries.
Furthermore, the impact of the art thinking in the process of cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs will be verified and the role of the innovation catalyst as a key figure for organizational learning will be introduced.
Following the development of global artistic interventions in organisations that have highlighted... more Following the development of global artistic interventions in organisations that have highlighted the critical role of leadership, particularly in highly structured work contexts, in guiding the team to achieve various types of results (strengthening the group, stimulating cohesion, acquiring artistic skills, recreational activities, and so on), this article proposes a synthesis of the art & business models theorised in a recent article published in the Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy in 2021.
This synthesis focuses on the processes driven by inspired leadership at the individual level, emphasising its critical role in the activation of art-based (AB) methods in the organisational setting. The basic assumptions of the 2021 model were primarily focused on three theoretical frameworks concerning art-based interventions in the company (The art-in-business matrix, Darsø & Davids, 2002; the arts value map, Schiuma 2011, and the Comunian framework, 2010), which proved to be most consistent with the field experiments in Italy from 2016 to date (Maclab and aiku center, Ca' Foscari University).
In this study, we propose incorporating such frameworks into a structure to emphasise the key results of art-based cooperation and how leadership plays a critical role in their success.
During the discussion, we will examine several artistic interventions carried out in companies from various industrial sectors but primarily related to craftsmanship, highlighting, in a summary model of the results, how the components underlying the art-based approach within organisations can influence and be influenced by leadership-oriented organisational factors.
Keywords: artistic interventions in organisations, organisational creativity, leadership.
The article explores how the art-based (AB) approach may be applied to social research, as well a... more The article explores how the art-based (AB) approach may be applied to social research, as well as its methodology and practical concerns that have emerged from the primary literature that has investigated the phenomena over the years. Many studies have been conducted on the subject, but few of them go into detail on how to evaluate art-based research (ABR) in terms of outcomes and empirical evidence, how to duplicate its approach, and, most significantly, how to adapt it to organisational contexts. Some contemporary research attempt to engrave the advantages of the arts by defining models and, in part, by comparing creative work with craft.
The paper emphasises the fine line between art and craftsmanship and the role of the latter as a way of technical use of materials by artists doing research within organisational contexts by using four case studies from two different European projects (the Interreg Italy-Slovenia DIVA project and the Horizon EU HEPHAESTUS project, which is still in progress).
This work highlights craft as a practice of study and transfer of art-based approaches in organisations, combining technique and creative resource utilization.
Socio-Cultural Management Journal
Introduction. Recent studies consider creativity as a source of innovation for companies but have... more Introduction. Recent studies consider creativity as a source of innovation for companies but have not yet clarified the key role that it plays concerning management and the underlying organisational processes. Recent studies also provide a foundation for a direct link between creativity, leadership, and corporate innovation. Purpose and methods. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of creativity within the corporate context and stimulate an understanding of the dynamics underlying leadership as a hub for innovative ideas and proposals dissemination in organisations. The scientific research methodology is developed through the theoretical investigation of the theme of creativity with innovation and how it can pervade the organisational sphere through the leadership development. Results. The analysis of the main theoretical models allows us to identify strong dynamic connections between creativity, business innovation, and leadership and to develop and...
Creative Industries Journal , 2022
What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic va... more What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic value and, at the same time, cultural value through the definition of a sector that seems to have no fixed borders? This paper intends to open up a reflection on the boundaries of the cultural industry, the nature of the chosen business and how the sector can become the hub in the dynamics of local development, innovation and competitiveness within the territory of reference. The concentric circles model will be the basis for a strategic mapping of the cultural and creative sector, realized starting from the funding calls for the sector in the Italian Veneto region. The Throsby’s model is derived from the principle that cultural content is free from incorporating creative ideas into the production of goods, and that such ideas arise from the primary arts (music, theatre, dance, visual arts and literature). These make up the heart of the cultural industries, while the surrounding circles represent the ideas and influences that these creative activities radiate. The results of the strategic mapping will be put into dialogue with a new idea of entrepreneurship, which in part excludes the Core creative arts, i.e. the primary arts.
Keywords: Cultural and creative industries, , mapping, management of art, text mining, entrepreneurship, competitiveness.
Creative Industries Journal, 2021
The article explores cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs. To enable such innovation, the DIVA ... more The article explores cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs. To enable such innovation, the DIVA project developed a set of tools and methods, based on an analysis of field-specific stakeholder requirements. By looking at specific cases of interaction between designers and artists on one side and business firms on the other, also leaning on the Cross Innovation project and considering a wide range of secondary research, the article captures both the existing mechanisms, as well as detects tacit potentials and new possibilities for deep cross-fertilization. Based on a theoretical reference framework presented in the first part of the article, the findings of a multi-stakeholder SWOT analysis carried out by the DIVA project indicate new innovative paradigms brought about by introducing art thinking next to the predominant paradigm of design thinking within traditional industry realms. Upon the empirical evidence of analyzed cooperation potentials, a Europe-wide selection of good practice cases and through focused interviews, the article digests a set of business-needs transformations that call for a profound cross-fertilization between art and entrepreneurship. These evidence-based guidelines present the potential of a new ‘innovation catalyst’ profile who facilitates the shift from unintentional spillovers to art-thinking based crossovers.
Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy, 2021
This article aims to identify theoretical profiles and empirical evidence that have guided, in re... more This article aims to identify theoretical profiles and empirical evidence that have guided, in recent years, the study of artistic interventions in organizations. Based on 24 case studies carried out by the MacLab (Laboratory for the management of arts and cultures) of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, and interviews conducted with the protagonists, artists, and companies of these interactions, we have identified art-based models capable of defining how collaboration between art and companies could take place. These theoretical models are compared with the case studies previously explored in order to analyze the impact of and the way in which the arts create a relationship with the corporate sphere. Finally, potential lines of research are outlined that could be useful to define optimal methods of collaboration between the art and business sectors, to strengthen interactions between both, and to ensure an impact on the medium to long-term development of both parties involved.
XXXIX CONFERENZA ITALIANA DI SCIENZE REGIONALI, 2018
SOMMARIO Viene spesso ribadita la centralità dell'impresa culturale e creativa e la sua rilevanza... more SOMMARIO Viene spesso ribadita la centralità dell'impresa culturale e creativa e la sua rilevanza anche in termini economici ma la sua stessa natura appare difficilmente osservabile per la mancanza di un'immagine compiutamente definita e condivisa. Come distinguere ciò che è creativo da ciò che è culturale? Come misurare in modo consono l'impatto economico generato se non tutta la cultura si configura con una forma d'impresa? La natura del settore non-profit non consente la generazione di utili e la struttura imprenditoriale, capace di generare importanti risorse, risulta ancora troppo costosa e di difficile attuazione per chi la Cultura la fa in prima persona. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di fornire un'immagine istantanea e il più possibile veritiera del settore culturale e creativo che, oggi, nella Regione Veneto, affronta nuove sfide per crescere ed innovare.
Economia della Cultura, 2018
The very idea of cultural capital (Throsby, 2001) confronts us with the complex identity, at the ... more The very idea of cultural capital (Throsby, 2001) confronts us with the complex identity, at the same time tangible and intangible, of production processes that can be activated by resources that are generally classified as "cultural". Cultural value can become economic value if the intangible resources, that a historical-artistic asset holds, become the bearers of values and benefits for individuals and society. Managing its assets efficiently also means generating a positive socioeconomic impact on the development of the territories (Santagata, 2009); but expanding the demand and organizing the cultural offer in a targeted manner requires a pertinent and adequate analysis of the contemporary cultural consumer (Trimarchi, 2005). The present research arises from need to broaden the studies on the cultural audience in Italy, in order to convey, to the quantitative analysis, appropriate tools for "self-cultivation". The aim is not only to stimulate the territorial economies through the construction of new knowledge hubs around our state museums, but also and above all to highlight the importance of that "baggage of preferences" that every visitor brings with him and which constitutes, not only the origin of his choices, but a trace of that emotionality able to positively influence his enjoyment of artwork.
In a country where cultural participation generates alarming negative numbers (in 2015, 68.3% of ... more In a country where cultural participation generates alarming negative numbers (in 2015, 68.3% of the Italian population has never entered a museum 1), it becomes crucial to understand the new public and study suitable strategies for a cultural proposal able to better reflect their interests. A statistical analysis of the most recent data allows you to verify the variables that most influence the high number of Italian state museums' visitors, to identify any critical issues and to undertake the development of artistic projects and economic plans for the improvement of the cultural offer. It would be desirable, also, the creation of a demand which is a result of better accessibility and cultural participation, even by an audience less educated and well-off.
Le imprese culturali e creative in Italia sono circa 413.752 e riescono, da sole, a generare un v... more Le imprese culturali e creative in Italia sono circa 413.752 e riescono, da sole, a generare un valore aggiunto di 89,9 miliardi di euro, occupando 1.495.000 persone. Dopo che l'Unesco, proprio in questi giorni, ha aggiunto altri siti italiani nella lista del Patrimonio dell'Umanità, portando a 53 i luoghi simbolo sul nostro territorio (l'Italia si situa quindi al primo posto, seguita da Cina, Spagna, Francia e Germania), occuparsi di politiche pubbliche in grado, non solo di tutelare, ma di valorizzare le nostre inestimabili ricchezze culturali, rappresenta una priorità, soprattutto in relazione allo sviluppo di una fruizione sempre più ampia che investa le generazioni presenti e quelle future. L'esperienza di Federculture dimostra che tale processo si può innescare, a condizione che si crei una consapevole governance multilivello, in grado di promuovere una gestione integrata, innovativa e sostenibile delle risorse identitarie dei territori, per una nuova qualità dello sviluppo a base culturale.
Culture Future, 2020
C'era una volta un teatro. Un teatro che emozionava, che sapeva parlare al pubblico, che era insi... more C'era una volta un teatro. Un teatro che emozionava, che sapeva parlare al pubblico, che era insieme linguaggio e sacra rappresentazione, parade di nobili e luogo d'incontro della società, spazio di vita e di speranze, di metanarrazione (da Cervantes a Pirandello) e sperimentazione, in cui tutto, o quasi, sembrava possibile. Un teatro in cui fare ricerca significava, soprattutto a partire dagli anni '70, confrontarsi con il Teatro della Morte di Kantor o con l'idea di povertà di un Grotowski che ora sembra dimenticato. Non c'importa di un teatro dei lumi in cui 'ogni cosa è illuminata' e in cui la libertà diviene sinonimo di insensatezza dell'essere: il nostro 'vecchio secolo' si è aperto con le Avanguardie mentre il nuovo Millennio si affaccia sprovveduto alla televisione e ai suoi luccichii dorati. La scatola nera di un universo magico crolla sotto al peso di una terza parete che, da Appia a Brecht, era stata sfondata a ragione ma che ora, ahimè, diviene un ostacolo insormontabile. Il teatro non può mostrare oggi che il nostro vero volto, fatto di una realtà che, al contrario del readymade, non ha più alcuna suggestione o magia. «Ecco l'angoscia umana in cui lo spettatore dovrà trovarsi uscendo dal nostro teatro. Egli sarà scosso e sconvolto dal dinamismo interno dello spettacolo che si svolgerà sotto i suoi occhi. E tale dinamismo sarà in diretta relazione con le angosce e le preoccupazioni di tutta la sua vita. Tale è la fatalità che noi evochiamo, e lo spettacolo sarà questa stessa fatalità. L'illusione che cerchiamo di suscitare non si fonderà sulla maggiore o minore verosimiglianza dell'azione, ma sulla forza comunicativa e la realtà di questa azione. Ogni spettacolo diventerà in questo modo una sorta di avvenimento. Bisogna che lo spettatore abbia la sensazione che davanti a lui si rappresenta una scena della sua stessa esistenza, una scena veramente capitale. Chiediamo insomma al nostro pubblico un'adesione intima e profonda. La discrezione non fa per noi. Ad ogni allestimento di spettacolo è per noi in gioco una partita grave. Se non saremo decisi a portare fino alle ultime conseguenze i nostri principi, penseremo che non varrà la pena di giocare la partita. Lo spettatore che viene da noi saprà di venire a sottoporsi ad una vera e propria operazione, dove non solo è in gioco il suo spirito, ma i suoi sensi e la sua carne. Se non fossimo persuasi di colpirlo il più gravemente possibile, ci riterremmo impari al nostro compito più assoluto 1 ».
Culture Future, 2020
Spesso si crede che la fruizione dell'opera d'arte avvenga in modo diretto e non mediato e che si... more Spesso si crede che la fruizione dell'opera d'arte avvenga in modo diretto e non mediato e che si possa restare in piedi dinanzi ad un quadro come si sfoglia una rivista alla fermata del tram. Non è così. Gli stessi artisti, da sempre, giocano con lo sguardo: dal trompe-l'oeil ai virtuosismi barocchi, dalle vedute veneziane del Settecento all'Optical Art. È lo stesso linguaggio artistico che si basa sull'interscambio opera-spettatore. Così come Rembrandt 1 fissava non visto chiunque ammirasse le sue opere tramite gli occhi dei suoi personaggi dipinti, parti di una trama romanzata che altrimenti non avrebbe avuto luogo, così ogni artista sente davanti a sé gli occhi del pubblico ed è abituato ad agire, a pensare, ad immaginare e costruire la propria opera con questo sguardo addosso. I colori, le forme, la metodologia della ricerca artistica diventano un gioco, una provocazione, una trappola, in cui avvolgere e coinvolgere lo spettatore per poi includerlo in maniera completa nel fare, nell'essere dell'opera medesima. Lo stesso processo artistico vive della presenza dello spettatore e su essa si fonda: senza questa corrispondenza biunivoca non esisterebbe Arte. Dall'altro lato, lo sguardo non deve restare filtro di una visione 'pura' ma inscriversi all'interno di una cultura «che non è soltanto visiva» 2. L'apprendimento legato alla percezione, infatti, è in grado di creare una trama invisibile che permette alla comunicazione artistica di divenire soprattutto comprensione. La sensibilità di chi guarda è il primo passo per rompere le barriere del corpo, della mente, del nostro configurarci quali 'esseri sociali' inscritti in una situazione, in un luogo, in un tempo, per aprirci alle emozioni, per entrare nell'opera d'arte ed ascoltarla, viverla, comprenderla.
The primary objective of this paper is to examine, both theoretically and empirically, two distin... more The primary objective of this paper is to examine, both theoretically and empirically, two distinct approaches through which artistic research intersects with academia. This examination is undertaken to critically evaluate the paradigmatic tensions arising from the juxtaposition of unfettered artistic exploration and the escalating pressures for demonstrable outcomes, accountability, and process transparency inherent in managerial contexts. Consequently, the theoretical underpinnings of artistic interventions within organizational settings will be explicated, emphasizing the academic community's exploration and application of such modes of artistic inquiry. Conversely, the methodology of art-based research will be delineated, emphasizing its utilization of artistic modalities to investigate phenomena through a scientific lens. Moreover, prominent theories positing academic research as constraining artistic experimentation will be outlined. Finally, drawing upon three case studies conducted within academic environments, a novel methodology will be proposed to mitigate the encroachment of increasingly institutionalized approaches towards the arts.
Starting from a systemic conception of the company and the typically managerial role of integrati... more Starting from a systemic conception of the company and the typically managerial role of integration and coordination of corporate functions, we will investigate the theme of leadership connected to the concept of creativity in particular.
If Barnard already identified in the latter a key feature to strengthen the weight of the managerial functions and orient them innovatively, Homans saw in the creative abilities of the fundamental binder, together with feelings and activities, of those structured interactions at the base of every company organization.
In recent times, Amabile's work has been of particular relevance for the construction of a model capable of highlighting the role of creativity in the construction of organizational innovation. Furthermore, his theory of organizational creativity is the only one to specify and directly relate the general characteristics of the behavior of leaders who contribute to the development of creativity in the workplace.
The present work, therefore, proposes to present a state-of-the-art concerning the link between creativity and leadership, through an analysis of the literature from the first managerial theories on the matter up to those of more recent times, to highlight perspectives and development scenarios both at a theoretical and empirical level. In particular, the increasingly important role of the arts in increasing the innovative scope of business strategies capable of transforming corporate performance, starting from a renewal of the organizational culture, will be emphasized.
This article systematizes the results from two projects funded by the Veneto region in support of... more This article systematizes the results from two projects funded by the Veneto region in support of Performing Art Organizations (PAOs) following the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out using a methodological approach that involved in-depth interviews, the setting of a SWOT Analysis, the examination of the business model, and data relating to turnover, production, cost, and revenue structure. Those organizations that have achieved consecration in the cultural field over time have achieved the greatest strengths in the strategic areas of their business model, investing energy and seizing the right opportunities. Those PAOs that have suffered most from the impact of the pandemic crisis have undertaken two different trajectories: sometimes, they could not identify their weaknesses and have entered an economic deficit, in other cases, they have undertaken a path of transformation away from merged organizational dynamics. The main implications in the field concern the motivation and the methods underlying the different creative trajectories: they do not originate primarily from an artistic vocation but result from a repositioning of one’s business model in a competitive key, as a reflection of a profound change in the audience and fruition mode, in society and the economic system.
Research topic
After examining the theoretical context of reference, which for years has devoted ample space to ... more After examining the theoretical context of reference, which for years has devoted ample space to research on the relationship between art and business organizations, the article explores results from the observation of 21 real case studies of collaboration between artists and companies, which took place in the last 5 years in the Veneto region, Italy.
The aim will be outlines, in a completely experimental way, a model of cooperation able to illustrate the internal steps of collaboration between the artistic and entrepreneurial spheres and to understand how art is able to transfer cultural value to business.
The article will examine the theoretical reference framework within which the collaborations betw... more The article will examine the theoretical reference framework within which the collaborations between art and business have developed in recent years and will try to trace the elements useful for the construction of a reference methodology for an art-based collaboration model, said a model that, from theoretical and empirical research, allows to replicate the innovative content in primary arts in the whole context of CCIs in their collaboration with traditional industries.
Furthermore, the impact of the art thinking in the process of cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs will be verified and the role of the innovation catalyst as a key figure for organizational learning will be introduced.
What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic va... more What are the real and potential boundaries of cultural enterprise? How can we restore economic value and at the same time cultural value through the definition of a sector that seems to have no fixed borders? This paper intends to open up a reflection on the boundaries of the cultural industry, the nature of the chosen business and the ways in which the sector can become the hub in the dynamics of local development, innovation and competitiveness within the territory of reference.
CULTURA DIGITALE RELAZIONE, EMPATIA. Paradigmi della terza rivoluzione industriale, 2023
Pablo Picasso sosteneva di non dipingere opere d’arte ma di fare costantemente ricerca attraverso... more Pablo Picasso sosteneva di non dipingere opere d’arte ma di fare costantemente ricerca attraverso la pittura (Picasso, 1923). Il potere che le arti esercitano da sempre sulle altre discipline è una prerogativa tutt’altro che scontata: dalla filosofia alla scienza, sino ad arrivare all’economia, all’organizzazione aziendale e al management, la creatività riesce ad invadere senza difficoltà settori normalmente non connessi ad essa. E lo fa semplicemente allargando il proprio campo di attività e trovando connessioni e nuovi significati, declinandosi attraverso discipline quali l’estetica, la grafica, la moda, l’artigianato, la digital art, la data art, i processi di team building aziendale, le collezioni corporate. Ma che cosa succede quando avviene il contrario, ossia quando altri settori, altre discipline, si avvicinano alle arti, cercando di incorporare la creatività all’interno dei loro processi?
È quanto ha cercato di esprimere Shaun McNiff (2008) attraverso il termine “art-based research” per indicare l'uso sistematico del processo artistico in tutte le sue diverse forme quale modalità di indagine per comprendere ed esaminare i fenomeni. McNiff (2008:29) spiega l'utilità di utilizzare tale termine per dare valore all’apporto che la ricerca artistica può fornire alle discipline accademiche e professionali e distinguerlo da altri approcci di ricerca. Egli vede l'arte come un modo unico e transdisciplinare di conoscere e comunicare (2008: 24), distinguendo esplicitamente l'art-based research dal paradigma qualitativo, l'indagine artistica come modalità più ampia della ricerca qualitativa così come definita all'interno della comunità delle scienze sociali (2008: 26).
Elliot Eisner (2012) ha coniato il termine arts-based research nel 1973 per descrivere una modalità formale di indagine qualitativa, una metodologia che utilizza i processi artistici al fine di comprendere e articolare la soggettività dell'esperienza umana. È un'applicazione più mirata del processo epistemologico della conoscenza e dell'indagine artistica ed è molto diversa dai metodi di ricerca accademici tradizionali. Tale metodo mira ad ampliare la comprensione umana mediante l'utilizzo del giudizio estetico e l'applicazione di criteri estetici nel giudicare il risultato che si intende ottenere.
"Cultura e creatività in azienda. L’esperienza del progetto SMATH" di Fabrizio Panozzo, 2021
Negli ultimi due decenni le possibilità di interazione tra arte e impresa sono state estese oltre... more Negli ultimi due decenni le possibilità di interazione tra
arte e impresa sono state estese oltre le forme tradizionali
e consolidate di filantropia, sponsorizzazione, attività
di pubbliche relazioni, al fine di esplorare forme di impegno
orientate all’apprendimento, meglio definite come interventi
artistici nelle organizzazioni (Berthoin Antal 2009;
Berthoin Antal & Strauß, 2016; Darsø 2004). Promuovendo
nuovi modi di vedere, pensare e allo stesso tempo andare
incontro alle necessità aziendali, tali interventi rappresentano
vere e proprie esperienze estetiche in grado di coinvolgere
completamente i sensi delle persone, guidando le
decisioni e le azioni dei manager e dei referenti aziendali
anche in condizioni incerte, sviluppando quelle capacità
delle persone nei confronti dell’organizzazione quale organismo
consapevole necessarie per affrontare “l’inaspettato”,
ossia qualsiasi nuovo elemento in grado di mettere
in discussione se stessi e gli stessi meccanismi decisionali
(Berthoin Antal & Strauß, 2016; Weick & Sutcliffe 2007).
Gli studiosi in questo campo hanno riconosciuto che l’effetto
più promettente degli interventi artistici risiede nel potere
del cosiddetto “apprendimento esperienziale”, sviluppato
attraverso approcci artistici ed estetici (Darsø 2016),
ossia mediante un processo di apprendimento che si
svolge nei cosiddetti “interspazi” (Berthoin Antal & Strauß,
2016). Gli interspazi (o interspaces) sono stati definiti come
“spazi di possibilità”, in cui i partecipanti sperimentano
nuovi modi di vedere, pensare e fare cose diverse dal solito,
che aggiungono valore per loro personalmente, spazi
in cui le norme sono sospese per consentire la sperimentazione,
dove l’energia e le emozioni sono elementi chiave
per il loro stesso funzionamento. Arte ed estetica possono
quindi potenziare processi innovativi di apprendimento e
generazione di conoscenza nelle organizzazioni (Caré et al.,
2018) in quanto consentono alle persone di acquisire sapere
non soltanto in modo cognitivo, ma anche attraverso
il coinvolgimento di elementi fisici ed emotivi quali sentimenti,
desideri, ricordi, che hanno il potere di trasformare
il semplice spazio di lavoro in uno spazio di lavoro estetico
(Sutherland 2012).
Il presente lavoro nasce da queste premesse e si propone
di comprendere e definire le condizioni essenziali che facilitano
e consentono l’incontro fecondo tra arte e impresa,
inteso quale forma di impegno orientato all’apprendimento,
vero e proprio processo di creazione e trasformazione
della conoscenza.