Carlos Andrade | UMa Universidade da Madeira (original) (raw)

Papers by Carlos Andrade

Journal of Coastal Conservation, Aug 25, 2023

The global economy is increasingly focusing on the Oceans to meet its needs, for which maritime s... more The global economy is increasingly focusing on the Oceans to meet its needs, for which maritime spatial planning is being fostered to promote this is done sustainably. Thus, assessing the current state and future development trends of the maritime sectors is key to evaluating the performance of the planning process. This is the aim of this study, in which the main maritime sectors related to the blue economy present in the archipelagos of the European Macaronesia Sea Basin, i.e. the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), were identified and studied. The following maritime sectors were analysed: fisheries, marine aquaculture, marine biotechnology, coastal and maritime tourism, maritime transport, ship repair and maintenance, extraction of aggregates, deep-sea mining, offshore oil and gas, renewable ocean energies, and desalination. As part of the PLASMAR project, partners undertook in 2017-19 a literature review gathering scientific papers, official statistics and reports, which were complemented by interviews with experts from the economic sectors and public administration departments. Results show that while some maritime sectors are well established, others are emerging sectors with varying long-term growth potential. Besides, development patterns vary across the archipelagos. This study represents the first effort in the Macaronesia Sea Basin to set the basis of the current and future development conditions of the blue economy in applicability to maritime spatial planning processes at a regional level. The future post-pandemic context will provide a unique opportunity to promote the blue economy sectors and activities through the support provided by the EU Green Deal and Recovery and Resilience Plans, as well as with the actions envisioned under the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The European Macaronesia example -given its wide maritime territory, commitment, and capacities in terms of expertise and networking-presents a great potential to act as a good practice to extrapolate the new approach for a sustainable blue economy to other similar geographical settings such as island regions/states.

Foods, 2021

Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sourc... more Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer’s spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by m...

Marine Biodiversity, 2021

Jellyfish are important components of the marine ecosystem and present a potential resource for d... more Jellyfish are important components of the marine ecosystem and present a potential resource for different economic domains (e.g. medicine, food and biotechnology). We present an overview of the current state of jellyfish biodiversity in the Macaronesia region, which includes the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde, and examine possible biogeography patterns among its archipelagos. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, historical records, richness estimation and biogeographical distribution, our search included organisms belonging to Scyphozoa, Hydrozoa (strictly benthic species excluded) and Ctenophora. Our search detected 229 jellyfish species, with a dominance of holoplankton species, likely reflecting the insular and coastal morphology of the archipelagos. Differences in species richness, endemism and species affinities are found between the Azores, Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde island systems. Shared trend includes the dominance of holop...

North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2013

ABSTRACT We studied the morphological development, allometric growth, and cannibalistic behavior ... more ABSTRACT We studied the morphological development, allometric growth, and cannibalistic behavior of Red Porgy Pagrus pagrus reared in mesocosm semi-intensive culture. The study was conducted from hatching to 32 d after hatching (DAH). Red porgy ontogeny was characterized by strong positive allometric growth of body depth at anus (BDA) to 6.7 mm total length (TL) at about 21–22 DAH. The BDA combined with standard length (SL) in a morphometric index was found to be better correlated with dry weight than TL and provided an improved method to estimate larval growth. Mouth size also exhibited strong positive allometric growth at early larval stages that, together with inflation of the swim bladder, may have contributed to improve feeding ability, in preparation for the high energy demands of metamorphosis. A predictive regression model developed for cannibalism underestimated prey size. Cannibalism coincided with the development of acidic digestion and was first evident at 27 DAH as larvae reached about 23% of their maximum size variation. We hypothesize that cannibalism is associated with larval size and condition, but is prompted by physiological and energetic factors. The bivariate morphometric index developed in this study can be used to mitigate cannibalism by controlling larval size variation and improving feed supply. The morphological measurements and morphometric indices that result from this study provide important tools for improving red porgy larvae culture.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society

Frontiers in Marine Science

The production of cultured limpets is a recent research field contributing to aquaculture diversi... more The production of cultured limpets is a recent research field contributing to aquaculture diversification, focusing on low trophic species while reducing the carbon footprint. Limpets are gastropods that colonize rocky substrates and are mostly present on tidal and subtidal shores. This animal group is in high commercial demand and is endangered in several regions. The aquaculture production of limpets has been traditionally challenging. The most successful reproduction method has been gonadal dissection, as artificial spawning induction has shown limited success to date. Moreover, methods for larval culture, settlement, and juvenile growth have been poorly developed and remain largely unknown. In recent years, advances in this field have led to the optimization of methods to enhance larval production, larval culture, settlement induction of competent larvae, and management of post-larvae and juveniles. The present manuscript reviews these advances, obtained within the framework of ...

Zootaxa, 2021

Ctenophores are fragile gelatinous organisms whose diversity and distribution are relatively unkn... more Ctenophores are fragile gelatinous organisms whose diversity and distribution are relatively unknown. For the first time, the occurrence of four planktonic species, namelyOcyropsis crystallina,Eurhamphaea vexilligera, Cestum veneris,andBeroe sp., was reported from Madeira archipelago waters (NE subtropical Atlantic). This report represents the northernmost records in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean for O. crystallinaand E. vexilligera.

Aquaculture Research, 2020

Journal of Applied Phycology, 2020

The elemental stoichiometry, growth and biochemical composition of Nannochloropsis gaditana, Rhod... more The elemental stoichiometry, growth and biochemical composition of Nannochloropsis gaditana, Rhodomonas marina and Isochrysis sp. were studied in batch cultures against different nitrogen and sulfur molar ratios (N:S) imposed in their surroundings. In N. gaditana, treatments with low N:S lead to an increase in carbon:sulfur (C:S) and N:S molar ratios up to 95 and 81%, respectively. This was reflected in lipid and protein contents which increased up to 67 and 55%, respectively. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as its precursors, increased in low N/S treatments. In R. marina, the treatments applied promptly the decrease of both C:S and N:S ratios to 70 and 68%, respectively. Nevertheless, eicosapentaenoic:arachidonic acid ratio increased with N:S treatments by three and a half fold. In Isochrysis sp., the elemental stoichiometry was constrained against treatments until the highest sulfur input. Overall, sulfur supply highlighted microalgae taxonomic differences and suggested that biochemical control is required, even in nutrient replete conditions, to fully exploit their potential as added value biomachineries.

Bioresource Technology, 2016

h i g h l i g h t s Different growth patterns were attained by microalgae throughout the experime... more h i g h l i g h t s Different growth patterns were attained by microalgae throughout the experiment. The intracellular stoichiometry was affected by nutrients availability. In N. gaditana, the experiment triggered changes in lipid fractions proportions. Carbon allocation was channeled towards protein at lowest carbon availabilities. Carbohydrate was the main storage pool at high carbon availabilities.

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2012

Red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, is a candidate species for aquaculture diversification. The aim of this... more Red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, is a candidate species for aquaculture diversification. The aim of this work was to assess whether an early supply of enriched Artemia (D1) or a direct step to dry diets (D3) would be advantageous weaning strategies for red porgy larvae, compared to a later supply of Artemia followed by dry diets (D2). Direct weaning to dry diet resulted in significantly lower growth, survival, pancreatic (trypsin and lipase), and intestinal (alkaline phosphatase) enzyme-specific activity, with the exception of leucine-alanine peptidase. The direct weaning strategy presented severe nutritional restrictions from early weaning stages with an associated delay of the maturation of digestive system. The two-step strategy presented in D1 and D2 resulted in comparable results in most parameters, including survival. Weaning using enriched Artemia as an intermediate step is confirmed as the most adequate strategy for red porgy larvae. Digestive enzymes and selected fatty acids correlated well with performance responses to dietary regimes, thereby supporting the use of these parameters as sensitive and reliable indicators of red porgy nutritional or physiological status during larval stages. Most marine fish larvae depend on live feed for the initial life stages. In marine hatcheries, the production of live prey is considered a somewhat unpredictable, expensive task with results of variable nutritional quality (Person-Le Ruyet 1989; Callan et al. 2003; Rao 2003; Carvalho et al. 2006). Therefore, weaning fish larvae, as soon as possible, to artificial diets is a major goal in commercial operations. Weaning should ensure that mortality due to cannibalism, delayed development of active

Journal of Fish Biology, 2004

ABSTRACT

Sustainability, 2021

Jellyfish are often described as a nuisance species, but as our understanding shifts to more ecos... more Jellyfish are often described as a nuisance species, but as our understanding shifts to more ecosystem-based conceptions, they are also recognized as both important components of marine ecosystems and a resource for humans. Here, we describe global jellyfish fisheries and review production, fishing methods, and applications based on the existing literature. We then focus on future development of a European jellyfish fishery based on current and recent EU research initiatives. Jellyfish have been a staple food in East Asia for eons and now show a potential for non-food applications as well. The main fishing methods are mostly traditional, with set-nets, driftnets, hand-nets, and scoop-nets utilizing small crafts or beach-seines. All require a lot of manual labor, thus providing vital, albeit seasonal, occupation to weaker populations. Larger commercial vessels such as purse seines and trawlers are newly introduced métiers which may enable a larger catch per unit effort and total catc...

Diversity, 2021

Jellyfish outbreaks are conspicuous natural events in marine ecosystems that have a substantial i... more Jellyfish outbreaks are conspicuous natural events in marine ecosystems that have a substantial impact on the structure and dynamics of marine ecosystems and different economic sectors of human activities. Understanding the life cycle strategies of jellyfish species is therefore critical to mitigate the impacts these organisms may have. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of different temperature and salinity regimes on the rearing success of the jellyfish Aurelia solida in microcosm experiments on two different life stages: polyps and ephyrae. Polyps showed high survival rates across the different conditions (except at 28 °C/20 psu) and reproduced asexually in all combinations, with the highest budding activity at 20 °C and 30 psu. Strobilation occurred mainly at 16 °C and 35 psu. Although ephyra survival was highest at low salinities (20 psu) and lower temperatures (10 and 15 °C), the highest growth rates were reached at intermediate temperatures (20 °C). Th...

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of supplementing commercial feeds with Car-ophyll®... more A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of supplementing commercial feeds with Car-ophyll® Pink, a gelatin-encapsuled astaxanthin, on growth parameters, lipid composition, pigment concentration and skin color of commercial size red porgy. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated containing different levels of astaxantin: Ctrl diet (no pigment added), A 50 diet (with 50 mg/kg of astaxanthin) and A 80 diet (with 80 mg/ kg of astaxanthin). Four groups of fish (386.29 ± 29.50 g initial weight) were grown in triplicate tanks (10 fish per tank). Ctrl, A 50 and A 80 groups were fed the respective diets to apparent satiation for 180 days, while a fourth group was fed A 50 diet for 90 days followed by A 80 diet for another 90 days (A 50 A 80). At the end of trial muscle samples were collected for composition analysis, liver and mesenteric fat for lipid composition determination and skin samples for carotenoids quantification. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation had no effect on growth performance and hepatosomatic index. However, A 50 A 80 group displayed a lower muscle protein content and higher fat content when compared to the other groups. There was no clear effect of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on the liver's and mesenteric fatty acid profile. Although there was no significant effect on skin total carotenoids, the astaxanthin content tended to increase in fish fed astaxanthin supplemented diets, which was reflected on redness values. Accordingly, dietary astaxanthin supplementation (at 50 or 80 mg/kg for 6 months or at 50 mg/kg for 3 months followed by 80 mg/kg for 3 months) influenced positively skin hue and chroma of red porgy on both pectoral and caudal areas, improving the skin color in commercial sized red porgy and achieving hue and chroma values close to those previously reported for wild individuals. The results reported here provide evidence Abbreviations: Ctrl, diet not supplemented with astaxanthin; A 50 , diet supplemented with 50mg/kg of astaxanthin; A 80 , diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of astaxanthin; A 50 A 80 , diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of astaxanthin for three months followed with 80 mg/kg of astaxanthin for the three next months;

Aquaculture, 2019

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2017

To meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11 on marine biodiversity protectio... more To meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11 on marine biodiversity protection and Aichi Target 6 on sustainable fisheries by 2020, as well as the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 on food security and SDG 14 on oceans by 2030, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to reconcile nature conservation and sustainable development. This paper argues for effective governance to support processes that apply principles of sustainable development and an ecosystem approach to decide about economic activities at sea such as aquaculture. It describes opportunities, benefits and synergies between aquaculture and MPAs as a basis for wider debate. The scope is not a comprehensive analysis of aquaculture and MPAs, but rather to present examples of positive interactions between aquaculture activities and MPAs. The unintended negative consequences are also discussed to present balanced arguments. This work draws from four workshops held in 2015 and 2016 and used to collect information from about Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site. 100 experts representing various sectors and perspectives. It is recognized that aquaculture is an important activity in terms of sustainable development. It can play a role in providing food security, poverty alleviation and economic resilience, in particular for MPA local communities, and contribute to wild stock enhancement, as an alternative to overfishing and for providing services to the ecosystem. This study showed that there is a need from both aquaculture and MPA sides for clarity of objectives and willingness for open and extensive dialogue. The paper concludes by describing a number of tools and methods for supporting greater synergies between aquaculture and MPAs. The results from this work have already helped to build a common understanding between conservation and aquaculture and initiate a rapprochement for increasing synergies.