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Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Propranolol Release by In Vitro Dissolution Profiles in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Dissolution Technologies, 2018

Propranolol is a β-blocker used to modify or restore normal heart rhythm in cardiovascular diseas... more Propranolol is a β-blocker used to modify or restore normal heart rhythm in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the dissolution profiles of 40-mg tablets of propranolol available as a reference, generic, and similar drug product, sold commercially in Bahia, Brazil, using a sensitive and rapid ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The dissolution test was used to obtain and compare dissolution profiles and establish similarities of pharmaceutical formulations in compliance with the Brazilian and United States Pharmacopoeias (USP type 1 apparatus at 100 rpm with 1000 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl at 37.0 ± 0.5 o C for 1 h). The similar and generic products showed rapid drug release (> 75% after 1 min of dissolution). The reference product showed a controlled drug release profile (> 75% after 15 min). In presence of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) 1% (v/v) with propranolol, drug release profiles were slower, likely by chemical interactions between SLES and propranolol. Drug release profiles were satisfactory for all products, because at least 75% of propranolol was dissolved in the medium within 30 minutes.

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial da RBCM - Vol. 20(2)

Research paper thumbnail of Nebulizers: Aerodynamic Droplet Diameter Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Drugs to Treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-COV-2)

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020

Currently, several drugs are being used systemically to treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome C... more Currently, several drugs are being used systemically to treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, few studies discuss the possibility of using the inhalation route for this treatment. Pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers are increasingly used due to the ease with which these media deliver drugs through an aerosol suspension to deliver drugs in a localized manner in the respiratory tract, providing greater efficiency of absorption. This study aims to characterize the droplet diameters by bands of "breathable particles" generated by nebulizers commercialized in Brazil (2 pneumatic and 1 ultrasonic), using the direct laminar incidence (DLI) technique. In addition, to discuss the use of drugs by inhalation based on the physicochemical and pharmacology properties. In the nebulization procedure, the images of the dispersed aero droplets were captured using the DLI technique. Droplet diameter distribution histograms were elaborated, emphasizing t...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus , Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss and Ptychopetalum uncinatum by HPLC-DAD

Microchemical Journal, 2017

In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the quantification of bioactive... more In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the quantification of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus (Globe artichoke), Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa" and Ptychopetalum uncinatum "Marapuama". The samples were lyophilized and 5.0 g of solid were extracted with 30 mL of methanol acidified with 100 μL of concentrated HCl, under magnetic stirring at 40ºC for 30 minutes. Separation was carried out on a C18 column with analytical solvents constituting a binary elution mixture, consisting of (A) ultrapure water (Millipore, USA), containing 1.0% acetic acid (v v-1) and (B) methanol (HPLC grade). Spectrophotometric detection was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm for vanillic acid; 280 nm for (+)catechin and 330 nm for chlorogenic acid. The method to determine bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines showed adequate linearity, repeatability and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.025 μg g-1 and 0.031 μg g-1 , respectively. The concentrations (minimummaximum in mg g-1) of chlorogenic acid (in samples containing C. scolymus) and vanillic acid (in herbal medicines containing P. uncinatum "Marapuama") ranged from 71.28 to 925.99 and 17.35 to 19.21, respectively. The catechin content was 0.69 mg g-1 in Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa". Therefore, the results showed that the developed method is simple, less toxic, fast and reliable for the determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectos Botanicos, Fitoquimicos e Atividade Biológica Preliminar De Extratos De Tradescantia Zebrina

Ciências biológicas: Realidades e virtualidades 2, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Controle De Qualidade De Formas Farmacêuticas Sólidas Orais Com Ênfase Na Avaliação Da Cinetica De Dissolução

Research paper thumbnail of TÍTULO: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL E EM SEUS ESTADOS Autores

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a importância do agronegócio familiar no Brasil e em seu... more Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a importância do agronegócio familiar no Brasil e em seus estados. Para isso, o método utilizado baseia-se na mensuração do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), considerando um sistema de insumo-produto interregional estimado para as 27 Unidades da Federação. A denominação do agronegócio é determinada, não apenas pela produção do setor agropecuário, mas também de todas as relações com os outros setores da economia (setores que produzem insumos e indústria, comércio e distribuição que dependem da produção agropecuária). A importância do agronegócio é evidenciada pela sua participação em 10% do total do PIB nacional, mas a variação regional oscila entre 5 a 27%, nos estados. Basicamente, estas diferenças advêm de características regionais intrínsecas, como o desempenho da pequena e larga escala de produção, dependendo do tipo de atividade ou produto, e da distribuição territorial. Abstract The aim of this paper is estimate how important is agriculture and familiar agriculture agribusiness for Brazil and its states. To do so, the GDP for the agribusiness of these complexes is estimated for Brazil and for its 27 states. The estimation is based on an interregional input-output system constructed for the Brazilian economy. The agribusiness takes into consideration the relations between the agriculture production and the other sectors in the economy (inputs for production, industry, transportation, distribution, and commercialization). The importance of the familiar agribusiness can be evidence for it's share of about 10% in the total Brazilian GDP, but regional differences will make this average oscillates between 4% and 27% in the Brazilian states. Another distinction will be made between small familiar production and large scale production that will vary according to the product and the state. Some relation between land distribution and the type of agriculture will also be made. Palavras chave: agronegócio familiar, modelos de insumo-produto, interregional , produto interno bruto.

Research paper thumbnail of A Comparative Study of Propranolol Release by In Vitro Dissolution Profiles in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Dissolution Technologies, 2018

Propranolol is a β-blocker used to modify or restore normal heart rhythm in cardiovascular diseas... more Propranolol is a β-blocker used to modify or restore normal heart rhythm in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the dissolution profiles of 40-mg tablets of propranolol available as a reference, generic, and similar drug product, sold commercially in Bahia, Brazil, using a sensitive and rapid ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The dissolution test was used to obtain and compare dissolution profiles and establish similarities of pharmaceutical formulations in compliance with the Brazilian and United States Pharmacopoeias (USP type 1 apparatus at 100 rpm with 1000 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl at 37.0 ± 0.5 o C for 1 h). The similar and generic products showed rapid drug release (> 75% after 1 min of dissolution). The reference product showed a controlled drug release profile (> 75% after 15 min). In presence of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) 1% (v/v) with propranolol, drug release profiles were slower, likely by chemical interactions between SLES and propranolol. Drug release profiles were satisfactory for all products, because at least 75% of propranolol was dissolved in the medium within 30 minutes.

Research paper thumbnail of Editorial da RBCM - Vol. 20(2)

Research paper thumbnail of Nebulizers: Aerodynamic Droplet Diameter Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Drugs to Treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-COV-2)

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020

Currently, several drugs are being used systemically to treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome C... more Currently, several drugs are being used systemically to treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, few studies discuss the possibility of using the inhalation route for this treatment. Pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers are increasingly used due to the ease with which these media deliver drugs through an aerosol suspension to deliver drugs in a localized manner in the respiratory tract, providing greater efficiency of absorption. This study aims to characterize the droplet diameters by bands of "breathable particles" generated by nebulizers commercialized in Brazil (2 pneumatic and 1 ultrasonic), using the direct laminar incidence (DLI) technique. In addition, to discuss the use of drugs by inhalation based on the physicochemical and pharmacology properties. In the nebulization procedure, the images of the dispersed aero droplets were captured using the DLI technique. Droplet diameter distribution histograms were elaborated, emphasizing t...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus , Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss and Ptychopetalum uncinatum by HPLC-DAD

Microchemical Journal, 2017

In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the quantification of bioactive... more In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the quantification of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus (Globe artichoke), Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa" and Ptychopetalum uncinatum "Marapuama". The samples were lyophilized and 5.0 g of solid were extracted with 30 mL of methanol acidified with 100 μL of concentrated HCl, under magnetic stirring at 40ºC for 30 minutes. Separation was carried out on a C18 column with analytical solvents constituting a binary elution mixture, consisting of (A) ultrapure water (Millipore, USA), containing 1.0% acetic acid (v v-1) and (B) methanol (HPLC grade). Spectrophotometric detection was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm for vanillic acid; 280 nm for (+)catechin and 330 nm for chlorogenic acid. The method to determine bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines showed adequate linearity, repeatability and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.025 μg g-1 and 0.031 μg g-1 , respectively. The concentrations (minimummaximum in mg g-1) of chlorogenic acid (in samples containing C. scolymus) and vanillic acid (in herbal medicines containing P. uncinatum "Marapuama") ranged from 71.28 to 925.99 and 17.35 to 19.21, respectively. The catechin content was 0.69 mg g-1 in Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa". Therefore, the results showed that the developed method is simple, less toxic, fast and reliable for the determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectos Botanicos, Fitoquimicos e Atividade Biológica Preliminar De Extratos De Tradescantia Zebrina

Ciências biológicas: Realidades e virtualidades 2, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Controle De Qualidade De Formas Farmacêuticas Sólidas Orais Com Ênfase Na Avaliação Da Cinetica De Dissolução

Research paper thumbnail of TÍTULO: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL E EM SEUS ESTADOS Autores

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a importância do agronegócio familiar no Brasil e em seu... more Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a importância do agronegócio familiar no Brasil e em seus estados. Para isso, o método utilizado baseia-se na mensuração do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), considerando um sistema de insumo-produto interregional estimado para as 27 Unidades da Federação. A denominação do agronegócio é determinada, não apenas pela produção do setor agropecuário, mas também de todas as relações com os outros setores da economia (setores que produzem insumos e indústria, comércio e distribuição que dependem da produção agropecuária). A importância do agronegócio é evidenciada pela sua participação em 10% do total do PIB nacional, mas a variação regional oscila entre 5 a 27%, nos estados. Basicamente, estas diferenças advêm de características regionais intrínsecas, como o desempenho da pequena e larga escala de produção, dependendo do tipo de atividade ou produto, e da distribuição territorial. Abstract The aim of this paper is estimate how important is agriculture and familiar agriculture agribusiness for Brazil and its states. To do so, the GDP for the agribusiness of these complexes is estimated for Brazil and for its 27 states. The estimation is based on an interregional input-output system constructed for the Brazilian economy. The agribusiness takes into consideration the relations between the agriculture production and the other sectors in the economy (inputs for production, industry, transportation, distribution, and commercialization). The importance of the familiar agribusiness can be evidence for it's share of about 10% in the total Brazilian GDP, but regional differences will make this average oscillates between 4% and 27% in the Brazilian states. Another distinction will be made between small familiar production and large scale production that will vary according to the product and the state. Some relation between land distribution and the type of agriculture will also be made. Palavras chave: agronegócio familiar, modelos de insumo-produto, interregional , produto interno bruto.