ravisankar sankar | Vignan University (original) (raw)

Papers by ravisankar sankar

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, Feb 1, 2023

To develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for the de... more To develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for the determination of Umifenovir in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations as per ICH Guidelines. Methods: A simple double-beam UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated with different parameters such as Linearity, Precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Accuracy, Robustness, and Ruggedness. Umifenovir in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 223 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10 µg/mL, The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.1510 mcg/ml and 0.4576 µg/mL respectively. The % recovery was found to be in the range lies between 99.3-99.5 %. The percentage assay of Umifenovir capsules was found to be more than 99.7 %. Conclusion: The proposed method is precise, accurate, and reproducible and can be used for routine analysis of Umifenovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences

An innovative and comprehensive range of chromogenic reagents or colorimetric reagents are genera... more An innovative and comprehensive range of chromogenic reagents or colorimetric reagents are generally used for the application in the field of spectroscopic quantitative and qualitative analysis. There are number of reagents which are mostly utilized for the estimation of pharmaceutical medicinal agents. Functional groups generally present in medicinal drugs determine the way of analyzing them, because they are responsible for the properties of substances and estimate the identification reactions and the methods of quantitative determination of medicinal agents. Knowing the reactions for detecting functional groups, one can easily analyze any medicinal agents with complicated structure. This Reagents review provides information about the different reagents used in the estimation of the compounds by colorimetric methods. In this review reagent preparation, some reaction mechanisms, handling procedures and applications are discussed. This entire review covers the Bratton-Marshall (BM) ...

When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related ... more When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related samples it is essential that the results are trustworthy. They may be utilized as the basis for decisions relating to administering the drug to patients. Analytical method validation required during drug development and manufacturing and these analytical methods are fit for their intended purpose. To comply with the requirements of GMP pharmaceutical industries should have an overall validation policy which documents how validation will be performed. The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.

Occurrence of new drug resistant strains of bacterial infections leads to the invention newer ant... more Occurrence of new drug resistant strains of bacterial infections leads to the invention newer antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones are one of the most promising and vigorously pursued areas of contemporary anti-infective depicting broad spectrum and potent active class of drugs. Fluoroquinolones are the drugs in order to overcome the drawbacks of natural antibiotics. This review first time covers the applications of novel HPLC methods particularly to the determination of 3 rd and 4 th generation of Fluoroquinolones antibacterials either in dosage form, blood serum or in the biological fluids. In this review Tables 2-11 show the reported methods for nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Balofloxacin, Prulifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Gatifloxacin respectively. Table 12 is concerned with the reported methods for the combination of different members of quinolones antibacterials and this review covers the HPLC methods for the analysis of various fluo...

This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables ... more This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables showing statistical analytical data duly quoting the references wherever necessary. The word “soluble” actually means “able to be dissolved.” Whether a vitamin is classified as 'fat-soluble' or 'water-soluble' has to do with how the vitamin is absorbed, stored and removed from the body. Vitamins are tiny organic compounds with a huge impact on the health and well-being of the body. The body needs a small amount of fat soluble vitamins in order to stay in optimal health. Fat soluble vitamins play an important role in keeping the body healthy and functioning from immune system and muscle and heart function, easy flow and clotting of blood as well as eye health. They are critical to health and wellness–particularly reproductive health and wellness. Low-fat, no-fat and vegan diets are woefully lacking in fat soluble vitamins. However a diet based on traditional foods can natu...

international journal of chemical sciences, 2012

Two simple, accurate, sensitive, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been deve... more Two simple, accurate, sensitive, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of amisulpride (AMS) in tablet formulation. The developed methods were based on the formation of a yellow coloured chromogen due to the reaction of amisulpride with methyl orange (method-I) and formation of a blood-red coloured complex resulted from the reaction of amisulpride with 2, 5-dihydroxy, 3, 6-dichloro-1, 4-benzoquinone (method-II). The proposed methods showed the absorption maxima at 420 nm, 545 nm and have good linearity in the concentration range of 5- 25 μg/mL and 50-250 μg/mL for method-I and method-II respectively. The results of analysis for the proposed methods were validated statistically by recovery studies.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

The main objective of this present work is to successfully develop one UV and four visible new sp... more The main objective of this present work is to successfully develop one UV and four visible new spectrophotometric techniques. One UV and four visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed depending on the reactivity of various structural units for instance piperazine ring and tertiary amine and carbonyl group in Prulifloxacin. It is observed that the statistical analysis results of correlation coefficient of each method values are observed to be greater than 0.999 which speaks that the proposed methods have good linearity. The order of sensitivity of the said proposed methods are M1> M2>M5c> M5b> M5a> M4> M3. The % RSD values are observed bellow two for all methods which shows that all the proposed methods are precise. The results of analysis of the pharmaceutical formulations assert that the proposed methods are safely be adopted for routine quality control of Prulifloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations to yield correct and accurate analysis res...

Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure a... more Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure and mortality in all over the world. It is said that in our country there are 200 million patients have been suffering from hypertension but only half of them were aware of their illness and out of them only 30% are taking medications under constant medical care. This is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases in the world leading to around 9.4 million deaths occurred in every year. The estimated market share of anti-hypertensive agents is $30 billion by 2016. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the US and approximately 1 billion worldwide. There are significant health and economic gains achieved owing to early detection, adequate treatment and good control of hypertension. Hypertension prevails where ever weak health conditions exist all over the world irrespective of either advanced or low per capita income countries. It is alarming to know one in three A...

An accurate, simple, sensitive, selective, economic reversed phase high performance liquid chroma... more An accurate, simple, sensitive, selective, economic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for determination of flunarizine in its bulk form and pharmaceutical preparations. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Welchrom C18 isocratic column, (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm, maintained at ambient temperature), Shimadzu LC20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatograph. The mobile phase containing a mixture of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water 50:30:20 v/v, with apparent pH of 4.6 and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The UV detection was set at 245 nm. The method was linear, regression coefficient (0.9998) at a concentration range of 2 - 10 μg/ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the method were 0.101629μg/ml and 0.307968μg/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The accuracy of the method was proved; t...

Pharmaceutical analysis plays a very prominent role in quality assurance as well as quality contr... more Pharmaceutical analysis plays a very prominent role in quality assurance as well as quality control of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Rapid increase in pharmaceutical industries and production of drug in various parts of the world has brought a rise in demand for new analytical techniques in the pharmaceutical industries. As a consequence, analytical method development has become the basic activity of analysis. Recent development in analytical methods has been resulted from the advancement of analytical instruments. The improvement of the analytical method development and analytical instruments have reduced the time of analysis, increased precision and accuracy and reduced costs of analysis. As a consequence, most of pharmaceutical organizations are investing huge amount of money for the establishment of advanced analytical laboratories. Analytical techniques are developed and validated for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients, drug products, degradation ...

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method for s... more A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of Sitagliptin (SITA) and Simvastation (SIMV) in pharmaceutical dosage form has been developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Welchrom RP-C18 Column (250 mm X 4.6 mm; 5μm), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatograph and with a mixture of 10 mM Phosphate buffer: acetonitrile and methanol in the range of (45:35:20 v/v/v). The flow rate was fixed at 1mL/minute and the analysis was performed using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-detection was performed at 255 nm. The SITA and SIMV were separated within seven minutes. The retention time for SITA and SIMV was found to be 3.352 minutes and 5.402 minutes respectively. The calibration plots were linear over the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for SITA (r 2 = 0.9998) and 4-20 μg/ml for SIMV (r 2 = 0.9999). There was no interference due to commonly used excipients. The relative standar...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

The word acne comes from the word acme meaning "the highest point," which comes... more The word acne comes from the word acme meaning "the highest point," which comes from the Greek akme meaning " point or spot ". In the entire world 650 million people with acne have been suffering, which is about 9.4 % of the world population out of which females are 9.8 % men amounting to 9.0 % which indicates females are more prone to this acne disease .It attracts nearly 40 to 50 million population in the United States (16 %) and more or less 3 to 5 million people in Australia (23 %). Acne is most common skin disease. Acne effects all races and ages and became the most common skin disease, especially in teenagers and young adults. It is estimated approximately 90 % out of age group between 11 and 30 are being attacked by acne outbreaks and during puberty in both sexes, acne can born owing to an increase in androgens such as testosterone and 90 % are suffering from acne at puberty stage all over the globe. Nearly 80 % out of age group of 11 to 30 year-olds are the sufferers with acne at any time of this stage basing on their physiological condition of their body and some people in their age at 40s and 50s still get acne disease. Acne is one of the greatest skin problems faced by adults. As many as 25 percent of all adult men and 50 percent of adult women suffer from acne disease at some point in their life. But adult acne can be particularly frustrating. Research shows 35 % of women in their 30s, 26 % in their 40s, and 15 % age 50 + are the sufferers from acne disease. Women over the age of 33 are more likely to get premenstrual pimples than younger women. The chief ground for this disease is the bad environment, eating an inflammatory diet or living a sedentary lifestyle or both can contribute to the underlying cause of acne. The information on this article can help to understand acne, types of acne, causes for development of acne treatment and home remedies and treatment. Please cite this article in press as P. Ravisankar et al. Acne-Causes And Amazing Remedial Measures For Acne. Indo American Journal of Pharm Research.2015:5(07).

Alzheimer’s disease was first identified more than 100 years ago, but 70 years passed before it w... more Alzheimer’s disease was first identified more than 100 years ago, but 70 years passed before it was recognized as the most common cause of dementia and treated as killing instrument. Alzheimer's disease generally emerges in old age beyond 65 years and mostly in 85 years symbolising deterioration of cognitive functions such as remembering, reasoning, and planning and the like. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to death of nerve cells. It slowly destroys reminiscence and thoughtful skills, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It progresses in triple stages an early, preclinical stage with no symptoms, a middle stage of mild cognitive impairment, and a final stage of Alzheimer’s dementia. It commences little by little and gets worse gradually and at present, no cure for this dreadful ailment. Genetics / Familial Alzheimer’s disea...

Analysis of pharmaceutical and natural compounds and newer drugs is commonly used in all the stag... more Analysis of pharmaceutical and natural compounds and newer drugs is commonly used in all the stages of drug discovery and development process. HPTLC is an advanced type of planar chromatography used extensively in the recent years for fingerprinting of medicinal plants, products and for screening lichen substances. Major advantages include precise sample application, wide choice of stationary phases, simultaneous processing of standards, simultaneous scanning in different light sources and excellent documentation facility. It is more sensitive and possible to run more samples in a short period of time, by using small amount of solvent. It is one of the sophisticated instrumental techniques based on the full capabilities of thin layer chromatography. In the present review brief discussion is presented with regard to type of instrument used in HPTLC, its entire methodology and how this technique is better than TLC. This concise information consists of salient points showing immense us...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2014

Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and selective isocratic reversed phase-high per... more Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and selective isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative estimation of Sparfloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations. Experimental: RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C 18 Column with 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d and 5µm particle size, SHIMADZU LC-20AT Prominence liquid chromatograph. The mobile phase used is phosphate buffer (pH-3.0): acetonitrile (70:30percent v/v) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. The eluent was monitored by UV detection at 291nm using SHIMADZU SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector. Results: The retention time of Sparfloxacin found to be 5.499 min. The method retains linearity in the range of 2-10µg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9999. The mean recovery of sparfloxacin was 99.702percent to 100.456percent. The LOD and LOQ of the drug were found to be 0.186 µg/mL and 0.558 µg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method can be successfully us...

for the estimation of Retigabine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Of two methods, method ... more for the estimation of Retigabine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Of two methods, method M1 is based on the diazotization of primary aromatic amine of Retigabine with nitrous acid followed by coupling with BrattonMarshal reagent to give pink colored azo dye, which showed maximum absorbance at 515 nm at reagent blank, and in method M2 is based on the formation of yellow colored schiff’s base of Retigabine with p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde which shows the absorbance maximum at 424.8 nm under the optimized experimental conditions. The developed method obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration ranges of 5-25 µg/mL for methods M1 and M2 respectively. In both cases the R2 is more than 0.9997. These methods were validated in pursuance of ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.05 to 99.98% for M1 and 99.06 to 99.86% for method M2. With regard to precision, the intraday and interday precision for methods M1 and M2 were found to be 0.105 µg/mL, 0.115µ...

A simple, fast, precise, specific, highly sensitive, an accurate and reproducible isocratic rever... more A simple, fast, precise, specific, highly sensitive, an accurate and reproducible isocratic reversed phase HPLC method has been developed for the separation of four sartans and validated for quantitation of Olmesartan in pure and in pharmaceutical formulation. One of the prominent aims for the method development is to achieve constant, reproducible separation. The effects of mobile phase composition, buffers, pH, and acetonitrile concentrations were investigated on the separation of sartans (Valsartan, Telmisartan, Olmesartan and Irbesartan) were assayed without any interference. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Welchrom C18 Column (4.6 X 250 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with the mobile phase comprising of phosphate buffer pH-3.3 and acetonitrile in the portion of 50:50 v/v. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1ml/min was employed. The detection was performed with Shimadzu SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector set at 232 nm. Total run time was 8 minutes and the elution w...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term disease that affects the joints near the centre of the... more Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term disease that affects the joints near the centre of the body, especially the spine and sacroiliac joints which is located at the lowest end of the spine where the sacrum meets the iliac bone in the pelvis. Spondy implies spine Spondylitis and " spondyloarthritis " are synonymous. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or Spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine that causes pain in the back, neck, and sometimes hips and heels. However, immune mediated mechanisms involving human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, inflammatory cellular infiltrates, cytokines and genetic and environmental factors play key roles. In advanced cases, the disease can cause new bone to grow and the vertebrae of the spine to fuse together which lead to kyphosis, a type of spinal curvature that results in a forward-hunching posture. New imaging techniques and therapies have substantially changed the management of this disease in the past decade. The novel treatment options with tumor necrosis factor blockers are more utility for patients. AS is thrice more prevalent in men than in women and starts most often between ages 20 and 40. It is 10 to 20 times more common among 1 st-degree relatives of AS patients than in the general population. The male-to-female of AS ratio is roughly 3:1. The peak onset is in adolescents and young adults between 15 to 30 years of age this disease gets symptoms before age of 30 and chronically effects till the end of their life. Only five percent gets symptoms after age of 45 but estimates vary and the condition of AS normally begins with young adulthood up to 40 years of age. Cardiovascular involvement happens 1 in below 10 % of AS patients, generally in those with severe long-standing disease. Please cite this article in press as Panchumarthy Ravisankar et al. Ankylosing Spondylitis-Contemporary Detailed Analysis on Diagnosis, Management And Medication. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2015:5(09).

For the first time simple, selective, sensitive, ra pid isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed fo... more For the first time simple, selective, sensitive, ra pid isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for th e separation and quantitative development Telmisartan (TEL), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OLM) and Irbesartan (IRB) are angiotensin II-receptor antago nists which are used in the treatment of hypertensi on alone or in combination with other drugs mainly Hyd rochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The most important advantage of developed method was that the five sep arate drugs can be determined on a single chromatographic system without modifications in det ection wavelength and mobile phase by RP-HPLC. RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C 18 column (4.6 X 250 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with the mobile phase comprising of phosphate buff r pH-3.3 and acetonitrile in the portion of 50:50 v/v. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1ml/ in was employed. The detection was performed with Shimadzu SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector set at 232 nm. Total run time was 8 minutes and the elution ...

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, Feb 1, 2023

To develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for the de... more To develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for the determination of Umifenovir in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations as per ICH Guidelines. Methods: A simple double-beam UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated with different parameters such as Linearity, Precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Accuracy, Robustness, and Ruggedness. Umifenovir in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 223 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10 µg/mL, The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.1510 mcg/ml and 0.4576 µg/mL respectively. The % recovery was found to be in the range lies between 99.3-99.5 %. The percentage assay of Umifenovir capsules was found to be more than 99.7 %. Conclusion: The proposed method is precise, accurate, and reproducible and can be used for routine analysis of Umifenovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences

An innovative and comprehensive range of chromogenic reagents or colorimetric reagents are genera... more An innovative and comprehensive range of chromogenic reagents or colorimetric reagents are generally used for the application in the field of spectroscopic quantitative and qualitative analysis. There are number of reagents which are mostly utilized for the estimation of pharmaceutical medicinal agents. Functional groups generally present in medicinal drugs determine the way of analyzing them, because they are responsible for the properties of substances and estimate the identification reactions and the methods of quantitative determination of medicinal agents. Knowing the reactions for detecting functional groups, one can easily analyze any medicinal agents with complicated structure. This Reagents review provides information about the different reagents used in the estimation of the compounds by colorimetric methods. In this review reagent preparation, some reaction mechanisms, handling procedures and applications are discussed. This entire review covers the Bratton-Marshall (BM) ...

When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related ... more When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related samples it is essential that the results are trustworthy. They may be utilized as the basis for decisions relating to administering the drug to patients. Analytical method validation required during drug development and manufacturing and these analytical methods are fit for their intended purpose. To comply with the requirements of GMP pharmaceutical industries should have an overall validation policy which documents how validation will be performed. The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.

Occurrence of new drug resistant strains of bacterial infections leads to the invention newer ant... more Occurrence of new drug resistant strains of bacterial infections leads to the invention newer antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones are one of the most promising and vigorously pursued areas of contemporary anti-infective depicting broad spectrum and potent active class of drugs. Fluoroquinolones are the drugs in order to overcome the drawbacks of natural antibiotics. This review first time covers the applications of novel HPLC methods particularly to the determination of 3 rd and 4 th generation of Fluoroquinolones antibacterials either in dosage form, blood serum or in the biological fluids. In this review Tables 2-11 show the reported methods for nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Balofloxacin, Prulifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Gatifloxacin respectively. Table 12 is concerned with the reported methods for the combination of different members of quinolones antibacterials and this review covers the HPLC methods for the analysis of various fluo...

This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables ... more This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables showing statistical analytical data duly quoting the references wherever necessary. The word “soluble” actually means “able to be dissolved.” Whether a vitamin is classified as 'fat-soluble' or 'water-soluble' has to do with how the vitamin is absorbed, stored and removed from the body. Vitamins are tiny organic compounds with a huge impact on the health and well-being of the body. The body needs a small amount of fat soluble vitamins in order to stay in optimal health. Fat soluble vitamins play an important role in keeping the body healthy and functioning from immune system and muscle and heart function, easy flow and clotting of blood as well as eye health. They are critical to health and wellness–particularly reproductive health and wellness. Low-fat, no-fat and vegan diets are woefully lacking in fat soluble vitamins. However a diet based on traditional foods can natu...

international journal of chemical sciences, 2012

Two simple, accurate, sensitive, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been deve... more Two simple, accurate, sensitive, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of amisulpride (AMS) in tablet formulation. The developed methods were based on the formation of a yellow coloured chromogen due to the reaction of amisulpride with methyl orange (method-I) and formation of a blood-red coloured complex resulted from the reaction of amisulpride with 2, 5-dihydroxy, 3, 6-dichloro-1, 4-benzoquinone (method-II). The proposed methods showed the absorption maxima at 420 nm, 545 nm and have good linearity in the concentration range of 5- 25 μg/mL and 50-250 μg/mL for method-I and method-II respectively. The results of analysis for the proposed methods were validated statistically by recovery studies.

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

The main objective of this present work is to successfully develop one UV and four visible new sp... more The main objective of this present work is to successfully develop one UV and four visible new spectrophotometric techniques. One UV and four visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed depending on the reactivity of various structural units for instance piperazine ring and tertiary amine and carbonyl group in Prulifloxacin. It is observed that the statistical analysis results of correlation coefficient of each method values are observed to be greater than 0.999 which speaks that the proposed methods have good linearity. The order of sensitivity of the said proposed methods are M1> M2>M5c> M5b> M5a> M4> M3. The % RSD values are observed bellow two for all methods which shows that all the proposed methods are precise. The results of analysis of the pharmaceutical formulations assert that the proposed methods are safely be adopted for routine quality control of Prulifloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations to yield correct and accurate analysis res...

Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure a... more Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardio vascular system (CVS) disease, kidney failure and mortality in all over the world. It is said that in our country there are 200 million patients have been suffering from hypertension but only half of them were aware of their illness and out of them only 30% are taking medications under constant medical care. This is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases in the world leading to around 9.4 million deaths occurred in every year. The estimated market share of anti-hypertensive agents is $30 billion by 2016. Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the US and approximately 1 billion worldwide. There are significant health and economic gains achieved owing to early detection, adequate treatment and good control of hypertension. Hypertension prevails where ever weak health conditions exist all over the world irrespective of either advanced or low per capita income countries. It is alarming to know one in three A...

An accurate, simple, sensitive, selective, economic reversed phase high performance liquid chroma... more An accurate, simple, sensitive, selective, economic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for determination of flunarizine in its bulk form and pharmaceutical preparations. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Welchrom C18 isocratic column, (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm, maintained at ambient temperature), Shimadzu LC20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatograph. The mobile phase containing a mixture of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water 50:30:20 v/v, with apparent pH of 4.6 and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The UV detection was set at 245 nm. The method was linear, regression coefficient (0.9998) at a concentration range of 2 - 10 μg/ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the method were 0.101629μg/ml and 0.307968μg/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The accuracy of the method was proved; t...

Pharmaceutical analysis plays a very prominent role in quality assurance as well as quality contr... more Pharmaceutical analysis plays a very prominent role in quality assurance as well as quality control of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Rapid increase in pharmaceutical industries and production of drug in various parts of the world has brought a rise in demand for new analytical techniques in the pharmaceutical industries. As a consequence, analytical method development has become the basic activity of analysis. Recent development in analytical methods has been resulted from the advancement of analytical instruments. The improvement of the analytical method development and analytical instruments have reduced the time of analysis, increased precision and accuracy and reduced costs of analysis. As a consequence, most of pharmaceutical organizations are investing huge amount of money for the establishment of advanced analytical laboratories. Analytical techniques are developed and validated for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients, drug products, degradation ...

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method for s... more A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of Sitagliptin (SITA) and Simvastation (SIMV) in pharmaceutical dosage form has been developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Welchrom RP-C18 Column (250 mm X 4.6 mm; 5μm), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatograph and with a mixture of 10 mM Phosphate buffer: acetonitrile and methanol in the range of (45:35:20 v/v/v). The flow rate was fixed at 1mL/minute and the analysis was performed using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-detection was performed at 255 nm. The SITA and SIMV were separated within seven minutes. The retention time for SITA and SIMV was found to be 3.352 minutes and 5.402 minutes respectively. The calibration plots were linear over the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for SITA (r 2 = 0.9998) and 4-20 μg/ml for SIMV (r 2 = 0.9999). There was no interference due to commonly used excipients. The relative standar...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

The word acne comes from the word acme meaning "the highest point," which comes... more The word acne comes from the word acme meaning "the highest point," which comes from the Greek akme meaning " point or spot ". In the entire world 650 million people with acne have been suffering, which is about 9.4 % of the world population out of which females are 9.8 % men amounting to 9.0 % which indicates females are more prone to this acne disease .It attracts nearly 40 to 50 million population in the United States (16 %) and more or less 3 to 5 million people in Australia (23 %). Acne is most common skin disease. Acne effects all races and ages and became the most common skin disease, especially in teenagers and young adults. It is estimated approximately 90 % out of age group between 11 and 30 are being attacked by acne outbreaks and during puberty in both sexes, acne can born owing to an increase in androgens such as testosterone and 90 % are suffering from acne at puberty stage all over the globe. Nearly 80 % out of age group of 11 to 30 year-olds are the sufferers with acne at any time of this stage basing on their physiological condition of their body and some people in their age at 40s and 50s still get acne disease. Acne is one of the greatest skin problems faced by adults. As many as 25 percent of all adult men and 50 percent of adult women suffer from acne disease at some point in their life. But adult acne can be particularly frustrating. Research shows 35 % of women in their 30s, 26 % in their 40s, and 15 % age 50 + are the sufferers from acne disease. Women over the age of 33 are more likely to get premenstrual pimples than younger women. The chief ground for this disease is the bad environment, eating an inflammatory diet or living a sedentary lifestyle or both can contribute to the underlying cause of acne. The information on this article can help to understand acne, types of acne, causes for development of acne treatment and home remedies and treatment. Please cite this article in press as P. Ravisankar et al. Acne-Causes And Amazing Remedial Measures For Acne. Indo American Journal of Pharm Research.2015:5(07).

Alzheimer’s disease was first identified more than 100 years ago, but 70 years passed before it w... more Alzheimer’s disease was first identified more than 100 years ago, but 70 years passed before it was recognized as the most common cause of dementia and treated as killing instrument. Alzheimer's disease generally emerges in old age beyond 65 years and mostly in 85 years symbolising deterioration of cognitive functions such as remembering, reasoning, and planning and the like. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to death of nerve cells. It slowly destroys reminiscence and thoughtful skills, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It progresses in triple stages an early, preclinical stage with no symptoms, a middle stage of mild cognitive impairment, and a final stage of Alzheimer’s dementia. It commences little by little and gets worse gradually and at present, no cure for this dreadful ailment. Genetics / Familial Alzheimer’s disea...

Analysis of pharmaceutical and natural compounds and newer drugs is commonly used in all the stag... more Analysis of pharmaceutical and natural compounds and newer drugs is commonly used in all the stages of drug discovery and development process. HPTLC is an advanced type of planar chromatography used extensively in the recent years for fingerprinting of medicinal plants, products and for screening lichen substances. Major advantages include precise sample application, wide choice of stationary phases, simultaneous processing of standards, simultaneous scanning in different light sources and excellent documentation facility. It is more sensitive and possible to run more samples in a short period of time, by using small amount of solvent. It is one of the sophisticated instrumental techniques based on the full capabilities of thin layer chromatography. In the present review brief discussion is presented with regard to type of instrument used in HPTLC, its entire methodology and how this technique is better than TLC. This concise information consists of salient points showing immense us...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2014

Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and selective isocratic reversed phase-high per... more Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and selective isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative estimation of Sparfloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations. Experimental: RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C 18 Column with 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d and 5µm particle size, SHIMADZU LC-20AT Prominence liquid chromatograph. The mobile phase used is phosphate buffer (pH-3.0): acetonitrile (70:30percent v/v) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. The eluent was monitored by UV detection at 291nm using SHIMADZU SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector. Results: The retention time of Sparfloxacin found to be 5.499 min. The method retains linearity in the range of 2-10µg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9999. The mean recovery of sparfloxacin was 99.702percent to 100.456percent. The LOD and LOQ of the drug were found to be 0.186 µg/mL and 0.558 µg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method can be successfully us...

for the estimation of Retigabine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Of two methods, method ... more for the estimation of Retigabine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Of two methods, method M1 is based on the diazotization of primary aromatic amine of Retigabine with nitrous acid followed by coupling with BrattonMarshal reagent to give pink colored azo dye, which showed maximum absorbance at 515 nm at reagent blank, and in method M2 is based on the formation of yellow colored schiff’s base of Retigabine with p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde which shows the absorbance maximum at 424.8 nm under the optimized experimental conditions. The developed method obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration ranges of 5-25 µg/mL for methods M1 and M2 respectively. In both cases the R2 is more than 0.9997. These methods were validated in pursuance of ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.05 to 99.98% for M1 and 99.06 to 99.86% for method M2. With regard to precision, the intraday and interday precision for methods M1 and M2 were found to be 0.105 µg/mL, 0.115µ...

A simple, fast, precise, specific, highly sensitive, an accurate and reproducible isocratic rever... more A simple, fast, precise, specific, highly sensitive, an accurate and reproducible isocratic reversed phase HPLC method has been developed for the separation of four sartans and validated for quantitation of Olmesartan in pure and in pharmaceutical formulation. One of the prominent aims for the method development is to achieve constant, reproducible separation. The effects of mobile phase composition, buffers, pH, and acetonitrile concentrations were investigated on the separation of sartans (Valsartan, Telmisartan, Olmesartan and Irbesartan) were assayed without any interference. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Welchrom C18 Column (4.6 X 250 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with the mobile phase comprising of phosphate buffer pH-3.3 and acetonitrile in the portion of 50:50 v/v. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1ml/min was employed. The detection was performed with Shimadzu SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector set at 232 nm. Total run time was 8 minutes and the elution w...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term disease that affects the joints near the centre of the... more Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term disease that affects the joints near the centre of the body, especially the spine and sacroiliac joints which is located at the lowest end of the spine where the sacrum meets the iliac bone in the pelvis. Spondy implies spine Spondylitis and " spondyloarthritis " are synonymous. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or Spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine that causes pain in the back, neck, and sometimes hips and heels. However, immune mediated mechanisms involving human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, inflammatory cellular infiltrates, cytokines and genetic and environmental factors play key roles. In advanced cases, the disease can cause new bone to grow and the vertebrae of the spine to fuse together which lead to kyphosis, a type of spinal curvature that results in a forward-hunching posture. New imaging techniques and therapies have substantially changed the management of this disease in the past decade. The novel treatment options with tumor necrosis factor blockers are more utility for patients. AS is thrice more prevalent in men than in women and starts most often between ages 20 and 40. It is 10 to 20 times more common among 1 st-degree relatives of AS patients than in the general population. The male-to-female of AS ratio is roughly 3:1. The peak onset is in adolescents and young adults between 15 to 30 years of age this disease gets symptoms before age of 30 and chronically effects till the end of their life. Only five percent gets symptoms after age of 45 but estimates vary and the condition of AS normally begins with young adulthood up to 40 years of age. Cardiovascular involvement happens 1 in below 10 % of AS patients, generally in those with severe long-standing disease. Please cite this article in press as Panchumarthy Ravisankar et al. Ankylosing Spondylitis-Contemporary Detailed Analysis on Diagnosis, Management And Medication. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2015:5(09).

For the first time simple, selective, sensitive, ra pid isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed fo... more For the first time simple, selective, sensitive, ra pid isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for th e separation and quantitative development Telmisartan (TEL), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OLM) and Irbesartan (IRB) are angiotensin II-receptor antago nists which are used in the treatment of hypertensi on alone or in combination with other drugs mainly Hyd rochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The most important advantage of developed method was that the five sep arate drugs can be determined on a single chromatographic system without modifications in det ection wavelength and mobile phase by RP-HPLC. RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C 18 column (4.6 X 250 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with the mobile phase comprising of phosphate buff r pH-3.3 and acetonitrile in the portion of 50:50 v/v. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1ml/ in was employed. The detection was performed with Shimadzu SPD-20A prominence UV-Vis detector set at 232 nm. Total run time was 8 minutes and the elution ...